Modern Heritage - Doing more by doing less Energy efficiency improvements of historic buildings from the 20 th century Sander Nelissen Towards a sustainable historic environment: Historic Scotland s energy efficiency conference Glasgow, 30 th September 2014
building skin concepts HUF store Van den Broek & Bakema 1953 restoration 2010 Van Nelle Factory Brinkman & Van der Vlugt 1926 1929 restoration 1999-2004 GAK building / De Studio Merkelbach 1959 restoration 2012 Upgrade existing facade Box-in-box New (curtain wall) facade Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014 HUF building, Rotterdam
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
old new
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Van Nelle Factory, Rotterdam
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Van Nelle Design Factory, Rotterdam
section-sketch (master plan 1999) Glasgow, 30th September 2014
box-in-box section-sketch (master plan 1999) Glasgow, 30th September 2014
original façade NE original façade SW box-in-box Glasgow, 30th September 2014
original façade NE original façade SW 2 nd facade 2 nd facade box-in-box corridor office space climate wall Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014 Van Nelle Design Factory, Rotterdam
Van Nelle Design Factory, Rotterdam
Glasgow, 30th September 2014 Van Nelle Design Factory, Rotterdam
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014 GAK building / De Studio, Amsterdam
titel vliesgevel Glasgow, 30th September 2014 22
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
snede gevels woonverdieping titel detail NT detail NT westgevel westgevel oostgevel highway side section typical floor park side 25
titel original detail HT new (parkside) detail NT woningscheiding new (higway-side) detail NT PAF-raam Glasgow, 30th September 2014 26
titel original detail HT new (parkside) detail NT woningscheiding new (higway-side) detail NT PAF-raam Glasgow, 30th September 2014 27
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
PAF-raam
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
research duurzaam verbeterd! (sustainably improved!)
Reseach purpose Need for objective information: how sustainable is tranformation? Do we get the maximum attainable from the possibilities the building has to offer? Research aimed at characteristic buildings. These buildings have difficulties to obtain a high score on the level of energy, without compromising on the characteristic values. But what are the possibilities? Research questions The aim is to show the possibilites a building has to offer to take enery saving measures. Is there a way to show how much more sustainable a building has become because of a transformation? Is there a way to show if we have reached the maximum attainable from the possibilities a building has to offer? Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Conditions for a suitable methodology: Join the methodology that is used most often. Take materials, use of water, environment, health and usefulness into account, in addition to energy. Is certification of additional value? The possibilty to set the level of ambition at the start of the transformation. Accesible Attention for monuments within the methodology Clear and verifiable GPR (Gemeentelijke Praktijk Richtlijn voor duurzaam bouwen) meets these criteria best. Glasgow, 30th September 2014
GPR (Gemeentelijke Praktijk Richtlijn voor duurzaam bouwen) Measures sustainability on several levels: Energy Energy performance Environment Water, material Health Sound, air quality, thermal comfort, lighting and visual comfort Quality of use Accessibility, functionality, thermal quality, social safety Future Value future-oriented facilities Flexibility Experience value Glasgow, 30th September 2014
EMI Energieprestatie Maatregelen Index Index of Energy Measures This index shows how the design of a transformation scores compared to the maximum attainable energy measures, without any changes to facade surfaces, glass surfaces, orientation etc. EMI = f EMI * (EP high -EP)/(EP high -EP low ) f EMI dimensionless scaling factor f EMI = 10; EP high energy performance of the building without energy saving measures in MJ/m 2 ; EP energy performance of the building in MJ/m 2 ; EP low energy performance with maximum energy saving measures in MJ/m 2. Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Six pilot projects Four research questions per project: What was the energy performance of the original building (EPhigh)? What is the energy performance of the building after transformation (EP)? What is the reasonable maximal achievable (optimum) energy performance (EPlow)? What is the relation between EPlow and EPhigh to EP (EMI)?
HUF-building, Rotterdam GPR score: Energy total 5,8 Energy performance 5,3 Extra measures 7,4 Environment 7,1 Health 6,9 Quality of Use 7,8 Value for the future 7,4 Energy label C EMI: EP high (=original) 6,01 EP low (=optimum) 1,13 EP (after transformation) 2,14 EMI 7,9 The EPhigh, that shows the energy performance of the original building, is very high. That means the use of energy was high, largely due to the high percentage of glass in the façade (85%). This explains why the energy performance after the renovation is still quite high, but the optimum energy performance of this building is not much better, also because of the high percentage of glass. The EMI shows here that quite a few of the possible measures have been taken. That explains the good score of 7.9. Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Conclusions Sustainability ambitions prior to the start of the project have a major influence on the final result The energy component in GPR provides an absolute and comparable measure In GPR, the six buildings score fairly high on the parts of environment, health, quality of use and value for the future The score on energy performance is relatively low The EMI gives a clear picture of the amount of measures taken Results & Future developments GPR has incorporated the EMI in 2012 Extra points will be awarded to monuments in GPR Monuments will probably be allocated a longer lifetime NEN is prepared to look at some changes to the EMI Investigation on possibilities of including EMI in Greencalc / BREEAM-light Glasgow, 30th September 2014
frisse scholen CYGNUS Gymnasium Ingwersen 1956 restoration 2013 Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Model 0 Bestaande situatie CO 2 CO 2 west facade east facade high CO2-levels light shades (luxaflex vulnerable!) traffic noise no ventilation no cooling high temperatures! thermal bridges existing situation Glasgow, 30th September 2014
solar control glass & light shades large reduction of traffic noise mechanical ventilation no cooling, high ventilation volume reduction of thermal bridges new climate concept Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
Glasgow, 30th September 2014
materiaalgebruik natuurlijk en sober; veel daglicht kleurgebruik vooral functioneel Glasgow, 30th September 2014