Applications of GIS in Law Enforcement John Beck Global Law Enforcement Manager Esri 12/10/2014
My Background - Global Law Enforcement Manager - Joined Esri in Sep. 2013 - Undergraduate degree - Geography - Graduate degree Criminal Justice - 6 Years as a Deputy Sheriff- Washoe County Sheriff s Office - 3 Years as a Crime Analyst Washoe County Sheriff s Office
Objectives Understanding the Law Enforcement Mission Who uses GIS in Law Enforcement? How various users with Law Enforcement Agencies use GIS products Major Trends in GIS in Law Enforcement Other GIS Applications across the Criminal Justice System Challenges
The Core Mission Elements of Law Enforcement Respond to Calls for Service Investigate and Solve Crimes Maintain Public Order Enforce Criminal and Civil Laws 911 Emergency Calls Quality of Life Complaints Criminal Intelligence analysis Crime Pattern Analysis Manage Special Events Control Protests/Civil Unrest Warrant Service Arrests Licensing Prevent Crimes Intelligence-Led Policing CompStat Predictive Policing
Levels of Law Enforcement in the United States Federal Law Enforcement Agencies (FBI, DEA, ATF) (approx. 50) State Police (50) County Sheriff s Department (3,063) Municipal Police Departments (12,501) How do these agencies differ across the main Law Enforcement Mission Types? Respond to Calls for Service Investigate and Solve Crimes Prevent Crimes Maintain Public Order Enforce Criminal and Civil Laws How do they vary by geography?
Logistics Planning & Analysis Field Operations Operational Awareness Public Information Manage CCTV locations Crime Hotspot Analysis Field Interviews Visualize Real-Time Data Public Event Maps Vehicle Routing Special Event Planning Tactical Planning Dashboards Quality of Life Complaints Case Workload Management Critical Infrastructure Pre-Plans Location-Based Alerting Conducting Briefings Crime Tips Fleet Management Grant Applications Investigative Support Evaluating Effectiveness Public Crime Mapping Re-Districting Predictive Analysis Real-Time Info CompStat Major Case Story Maps Social Media Monitoring GIS supports All Law Enforcement Missions All Missions have the same five common GIS-related Needs
Who Uses GIS in Law Enforcement? Crime/Intelligence Analysts - Sworn or Non-sworn positions - Learn on the job - GIS is one of many technical, analytical, and contextual skills required - Training on the job - GIS unit support is very uneven- Analysts can also act as GIS system administrators Self-Service Web Applications and mobile mapping are emerging patterns Much of Law Enforcement still relies on paper maps
What is being mapped for Law Enforcement? Offenses Calls for Service Arrests FI s Probation/Parole Data Critical Infrastructure Camera Locations AVL Data Social Media
Investigations Patrol Command Staff Admin Staff Public Engagement Analysts/GIS Staff GIS Users serve the needs of a wide array of users in a Law Enforcement agency Geography is a critical tool for decision-making across the agency
Analysts/GIS Staff What do they do? Data management Analyzing data Creating analytic products Identifying crime hotspots Predicting future crime trends What kinds of maps are needed? Easy to read- limited geographic detail What s hot Augment officer experience Identify targets Where to spend proactive time Routing/Directions Base map Imagery Do they even need maps? Does GIS have to be maps?
Patrol Officers What do they do? Respond to calls for service Proactive patrols in crime hotspots Develop criminal intelligence Seek out wanted/warrant suspects What do they need in a map? Data MUST be current Maps should be specific to their area of work Map must have a clear sense of purpose
Mapping for Investigations Uses: Generate Investigative Leads Cross reference M.O. information against criminal Intelligence Check suspect alibi Serial offense patterns Geographic Profiling Link Analysis Criminal Intelligence Sources: - Gang Crime/Membership/Territory - Field Interviews - Offender residences - Parolees/Probationers Camera Footage LPR Reads
Mapping for Admin Staff Who are they? - Research and Evaluation - Budget - Grant-Writers - Governmental Liaisons Uses: - Strategic Planning and Research - Media & Public Data requests - Administrative Research Projects - Statistical reporting
Mapping for Command Staff Uses: Operational Awareness Crime Reduction Strategies - Problem Identification - Evaluation Resource Allocation Patrol Staffing Measuring Accountability - Tracking Police Activity
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Real-Time Crime Centers Pro-Active Enforcement Situational Awareness Officer Safety Real-time Response
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Predictive Policing Geographic Profiling Temporal patterns Weather Risk-Terrain Modeling Socioeconomic Indicators Near-Repeat Patterns
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Analysis of Cell and GPS Data Locate cell tower sites Associate call detail records with tower sites Determine which tower and sector a specific cellular number passed through
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Integration with Intelligence Analysis Software Link analysis Identify key events Optimizes the investment made in both intel and geospatial platforms
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Dashboards Customize each dashboard based on geography, crime type or policing unit Analyze emerging crime trends through the use of our customized briefing books, reports and widgets.
Major GIS Trends in Law Enforcement Enhanced Mobility Maps are now available anywhere on any device Can be used in connected or disconnected environments Data can be shared from the control room to police in the field in real-time
Other GIS Applications Across Criminal Justice System Parole/Probation Sex Offender residence management Workload distribution Corrections Facility Mapping For: Operational Awareness Mapping inmate incidents Roommate Conflict Detection Courts Courtroom Visual Aides Public Awareness about major cases (Via Story Maps) International Law Enforcement Human Trafficking Analysis Drug Trafficking Investigations Money Laundering Organized Crime Terrorism
Challenges in GIS for Law Enforcement Old Dogs, New Tricks Data Quality GIS does not replace people Operationalizing Information Products - Disparate systems - Data Overload - Data Sharing & Security
QUESTIONS? John Beck Global Law Enforcement Manager Esri jbeck@esri.com