State of the Cloud DNS Report. Basic Edition April 2014

State of the Cloud DNS Report Basic Edition April 2014 2014

Table of Contents Overview Introduction... 3 Anycast vs. Unicast DNS... 3 Provider Overview & Current News... 4 Provider Market Share...7 Technology Used... 9 DNS Features Health Checks - Failover... 11 Health Checks - Load Balancing... 11 Location Based Routing (Geo IP)... 12 Zone Based Routing (Anycast)... 12 DNSSEC... 13 Pricing DNS Query Volume Pricing... 15 Feature Pricing... 16 DNS Propagation Latency... 18 DNS Performance Analysis (January 2014) Performance Analysis Overview... 20 Service Availability... 20 Synthetic DNS Response Time... 21 End-user DNS Response Time... 23 Akamai... 25 AWS Route 53... 26 CloudFlare... 27 easydns... 28 DNS Made Easy... 29 Dyn... 30 Ultra DNS...31 DNS Networks Akamai... 33 AWS Route 53... 34 CloudFlare... 35 DNS Made Easy... 37 Dyn... 38 easydns... 36 Ultra DNS... 39 2 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Table of Contents

Overview Introduction... 4 Anycast vs. Unicast DNS... 4 Provider Overview & Current News... 5 Provider Market Share... 8 Technology Used... 10 3 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

Introduction The Domain Name System (DNS) is the method by which meaningful hostnames such as www.google.com are translated into physical IP addresses needed by computers to communicate; DNS is fundamental to the operation of the Internet. If an organization loses its DNS capabilities, their hostnames will be inaccessible to users even if the servers are functioning! Additionally, DNS can be a potential security threat if hacked and hostnames are redirected to unauthorized servers. Because of the mission critical nature of DNS, many organizations have elected to outsource their DNS needs to providers that can typically ensure better availability, improved security, and faster performance. Anycast vs. Unicast DNS At the network level, there are 2 methods of deploying DNS: Unicast and Anycast. Unicast DNS Anycast DNS has significant advantages over Unicast DNS. With Unicast DNS, information is routed to a single network destination, which is identified by a unique address; inherently, this means there is only one path data can take to reach its intended destination. Unicast methodology employs a one-to-one relationship between the destination address and the network endpoint each destination address is only able to identify a single endpoint. If a Unicast DNS server goes down, name server resolution directed at it will be non-functional which may result in descreased performance and possibly service disruptions. Anycast DNS On the other hand, IP Anycast DNS provides multiple routes that queries can travel to reach their intended destination there are a group of possible receivers, which are all identified by the same end destination address. Anycasting employs a oneto-one-to-many association; data is routed topologically to the nearest geographic node, which increases performance. Anycast DNS methodology also has the benefit of redundancy; if a DNS node goes down down, another can immediately take over and respond to queries for it. Anycasting replicates the same DNS data to multiple servers around the world, which also provides protection in the case of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In terms of reliability, speed, and security, Anycast DNS is generally a better choice. DNS LONDON DNS LONDON NEW YORK DNS MADRID NEW YORK DNS MADRID MIAMI MIAMI 4 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

Provider Overview Akamai Akamai is based in Cambridge, MA. It was incorporated in 1998 after its founders developed a solution at MIT for improving Internet content delivery performance. It provides CDN services to one out of three Global 500 companies, and delivers 15-30% of all Web traffic. Yahoo! was its first customer, and many large media companies use the Akamai CDN. Additionally, Rackspace and HP resell Akamai CDN as part of their cloud offerings. Akamai has 3000+ employees, and revenue for 2012 was $1.374 billion. Akamai does not provide specific details about the location of CDN PoPs, but it has publicly disclosed the size of its CDN network as over 127,000 servers in 81 countries. In some cases, Akamai partners with ISPs to maintain edge servers within their data centers, thus decreasing ISP bandwidth costs while improving performance for end users. In addition to CDN, Akamai also offers managed DNS hosting. Key differentiators include the largest CDN network in the world, a track record supporting some of the largest media clients, and serving Internet content at a massive scale. CloudFlare CloudFlare is a privately held company based in San Francisco, CA. It was founded in 2009 and announced the launch of its public beta at TechCrunch Disrupt in 2010. The founders are former engineers for Project Honey Pot, a system for identifying spammers. CloudFlare has raised over $22 million in funding since 2009. It has 35+ employees and unknown revenue. CloudFlare manages its own IP Anycast network consisting of 23 global points of presence (PoPs), with 10 in the US, 8 in Europe, 4 in Asia and 1 in Australia. Services include CDN, managed DNS, and some proprietary capabilities built on top of those services, including automated security and optimization. Key differentiators include extensive experience dealing with and mitigating DDoS attacks (including one of the largest attacks in Internet history, a 300 Gbps attack in 2013 against Spamhous); management of its own global IP Anycast network; a free starter plan; and seamless add-on capabilities, including automatic security and failover protection, and website optimization. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Overview AWS Route 53 is part of Amazon s suite of cloud related services. Amazon was founded as an online bookstore in 1994 by Jeff Bezos, and the Amazon.com site launched in 1995. Amazon currently has 33,700 employees and earned $32.204 Billion dollars in revenue in 2010. It is speculated that AWS will be the first $1 billion cloud computing service. DNS Made Easy Overview DNS Made Easy launched in 2002 and is a subsidiary of Tiggee LLC. DNS Made Easy processes more than five billion queries daily. DNS Made Easy s parent company, Tiggee LLC was founded in 1999. DNS Made Easy offers a free 30 day trial of their services. 5 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

Provider Overview Dynamic Network Services (Dyn) Overview Dyn originally began as a free service by a group of college students back in 1998, and officially became a company in 2001. They are now a leader in Internet performance solutions offering Traffic Management, Message Management and Performance Assurance for some of the leading brands on the web. Dyn s headquarters are located in Manchester, NH and they have offices in San Francisco and Brighton, UK. Dyn has nearly 300 employees. In addition to DNS, Dyn also provides Email delivery service, API integration, DNSSEC and IPv6 support, active failover, as well as traffic balancing and load management. UltraDNS Overview Neustar has been in business since 1996 as a trusted, neutral provider of real-time information and analysis to the Internet, telecommunications, information services, financial services, retail, media and advertising sectors. In 1999, Neustar acquired UltraDNS and has continued to be a leader in the Enterprise Managed DNS ever since. In 2012, Neustar earned $831.4M (a 34% growth from 2011) and continues to expand its technology solutions through strategic acquisitions of Targus INFO (On-Demand Audience Target & Analysis), Evolving System (Number Solutions) and Aggregate Knowledge (Media Intelligence & Analytics). easydns Overview easydns is a Canada-based, private, self funded company in business since 1998. easydns has over 110,000 domains in more than 100 countries around the world, and processes approximately a quarter-billion DNS queries every day. 6 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

Provider Market Share To track market share, we mine the name servers for the Alexa top 10,000 sites monthly. Alexa tracks top sites based on number of visitors and traffic statistics and is generally seen as a reliable source for this data. The tables below provide market share snapshots for DNS providers based on our independent mining. We use two techniques to generate market share metrics - DNS hostname matching and class C IP matching. Non recursive query validations are used to verify the latter. Market share changes may be attributed to changes in the makeup of the Alexa top 10,000 sites or provider changes. Alexa Top 1,000 Sites Fortune 500 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports Alexa Top 10,000 Sites 7 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

Market Share Growth/Loss Top 20 Provider Changes As part of our Alexa market share analysis, we also track Alexa top 10,000 sites that have changed DNS providers since the previous month s analysis. The following is a list of the top 20 websites (ordered by Alexa rank) that have changed providers in the past 4 months. This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 8 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

Technology Used DNS Software DNS Software is the respond to queries requesting a hostname be transferred to an IP address. DNS providers can utilize off-the-shelf or proprietary software. Off-the-shelf software has the advantage of established stability and performance, while proprietary software can oftentimes provide better security and provide a point of distinction for vendors. Provider Software Type Geo IP Database In order to implement Geo-Targeted, Location Based DNS, providers will typically license Geo IP technology from one of two major vendors: MaxMind or Neustar IP Intelligence. These databases allow DNS providers to determine the geographic location of DNS resolvers (which are generally in the same geographic location as end-users), and provide a custom geo-targeted response. The following table provides a breakdown of the Geo IP technology used by each provider that supports this feature (Note: Anycast Zone Based DNS does not require this technology). UltraDNS Proprietary Dyn Bind Provider Software Type Route 53 djbdns UltraDNS Neustar IP Intelligence1 DNS Made Easy Proprietary (Elite Resolution Platform) Dyn Maxmind easydns Bind Route 53 DNS Made Easy NA NA easydns NA 1. Both UltraDNS and Neustar IP Intelligence are part of the same parent company, Neustar 2. Cotendo uses a custom patched version of the Maxmind database 9 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Overview

DNS Features Health Checks - Failover...11 Health Checks - Load Balancing...11 Location Routing (Geo IP)... 12 Zone Routing (Anycast)... 12 DNSSEC... 13 10 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

Health Checks Failover Health Checks Load Balancing DNS Failover resolves hostnames based on the availability of target hosts. Hosts are monitored for availability using ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) or more advanced methods such as verifying that a HTTP server is functioning. If the primary host fails health checks, DNS can be automatically reconfigured to resolve to a backup host; routing is automatically restored to the primary host when it regains availability. PRIMARY DNS FAILOVER Like DNS Failover, DNS Load Balancing monitors the status of DNS hosts. However, with Load Balancing there are no active and failover hosts instead, all hosts receive evenly (or weighted) distributed traffic (weighted traffic distribution is an optional capability of this feature). HOST 1 HOST 2 DNS HOST 3 UltraDNS Dyn Route 53 DNS Made easydns Easy 1 1. Only 15 minute monitoring intervals supported. For Enterprise plan, after 3 failover zones, fee is $5/zone/month. UltraDNS Dyn Route 53 DNS Made Easy easydns 11 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Features

Location Routing (Geo IP) Zone Routing (Anycast) Location Based DNS allows a DNS record to resolve differently based on the user s location (or more specifically, the user s DNS resolver location). To accomplish this, the geographic location is determined using Geo IP technology like Neustar IP Intelligence or MaxMind. This location is then run through custom geographic DNS rules. For example, DNS could resolve to a server in Singapore for users in Asia and to a server in the US for all other users. CALIFORNIA UltraDNS Dyn Route 53 DNS Made Easy DNS WASHINGTON,DC easydns 1 Anycast Zone Based DNS is functionally similar to Location Based DNS. However, the former uses Anycast zones instead of Geo IP technology. In practice, this limits the number of definable location based rules definable to the number of provider Anycast zones. For example, Dyn s Anycast Zone Based DNS (GSLB or CDN Manager) allows users to define up to 7 rules per hostname corresponding to each Dyn Anycast zone: US West, US Central, US East, EU West, EU Central, EU East and Asia. In this regard, Anycast Zone Based DNS is more restrictive than Geo Location Based DNS which may allow users to define rules based on individual states or even cities. Additionally, IP Anycast routing can be problematic in some areas like Asia resulting in incorrect responses (e.g. an Asia user may be routed to a US DNS server - and hence resolve to a US, not Asia rule). DNS 1. Route53 provides a unique DNS routing feature called Latency Based Routing wherein users are directed to an AWS endpoint with the lowest latency (endpoint must be in one of the 7 AWS regions). UltraDNS Dyn Route 53 DNS Made Easy 1 (7 Regions) (BETA, 4 Regions) easydns (4 Regions) 1. Discontinued service in favor of more effective Directional (Location Based) services. 12 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Features

DNSSEC DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) is a specification for securing DNS information DNSSEC was designed to protect clients from forged DNS responses. All responses in DNSSEC are digitally signed; by checking the digital signature, a DNS client is able to verify the information is exactly the same as the information from the authoritative DNS server. The DNSSEC standard is backwards compatible with DNS, clients that do not support it are not affected adversely. Although more and more organizations are now rolling out DNSSEC on their name servers, the actual number of signed zones is still very low. DNS CLIENT PROVIDER or USER UltraDNS Dyn Route 53 DNS Made Easy easydns Provider Managed User Managed Provider or User Managed DNSSEC Manual generation and management of necessary DNSSEC certificates and digital signatures can be very complex and cumbersome. Some providers simplify this by automating these tasks within their management interface. 13 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Features

Pricing DNS Query Volume Pricing... 15 Feature Pricing... 16 14 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

Pricing (January 2014) DNS pricing for some vendors is often a black box. While some providers provide public pricing and self sign-up, others require contact and negotiation with sales executives. In the case of the latter, pricing can flucuate greatly depending on purchase size, negotiating prowness, the time of the quarter, and other extraneous factors. The pricing matrix below provides a breakdown of estimated costs at various usage levels with each provider. To collect this information, we have independently researched and contacted vendors that do not disclose pricing publicly. DNS Query Pricing Pricing Per Month This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 1. $50 SMB plan uses fewer DNS POPs than Enterprise plans (currently 15 of 30 POPs 2. List price - discounting possible when purchased in conjunction with add-ons 3. Dyn Managed DNS Express - includes 1.2 million queries/month 4. Dyn changes based on 95th percentile queries per second (QPS). Pricing for fixed volumes in the table is estimated 5. Pre-paid annually 6. Enterprise Plan 7. Based on $125/mo corporate membership (includes 50 million queries) plus overages 8. Based on Enterprise plan and published overage rate - discounts may be available 15 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Pricing

Advanced Feature Pricing (January 2014) Each provider markets and prices the add-on features in this report slightly differently. In the matrix below, we ve attempted to provide comparable pricing for each provider and feature; footnotes are included where applicable. Pricing Per Month This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 1. Query surcharge for latency based routing - only target hosts in AWS data centers are supported. Query pricing reduces to $0.125/ million queries for volume above 1 billion queries/mo 2. UltraDNS refers to this feature as Sitebacker. Price is based on 10 million query bundle pricing (25% discount) with 2 monitored target hosts. Each additional target host is $113/mo ($150 without bundle discount) up to 5, then $90 up to 10, then $68 3. UltraDNS refers to this feature as Traffic Controller. Price is based on 10 million query bundled pricing (25% discount) with 3 monitored target hosts. Each additional IP is $188/mo ($250 without bundle discount) 4. Pricing based on 10 million query bundled pricing (25% discount) with up to 5 target hosts. Each additional target host is $100/mo 5. Per hostname 6. Dyn refers to these features as Traffic Director 7. Zone Routing included with Load Balancing 8. Per hostname 9. Must prepay annually - the Business and Corporate plans include 3 and 10 failover hostnames respectively and up to 5 monitored target hosts using 2-4 minute monitoring intervals 10. Requires $60/yr business plan. $1500/yr Corporate plan includes 1 geo-targeted hostname at no additional charge Summary There is a lot to consider when comparing managed DNS providers. We ve included what we believe to be a few relevant, objective and comparable evaluation criteria in this post and our new DNS report. Organizations should consider the criteria that are most relevant to them when evaluating providers. 16 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. Pricing

DNS Propagation Latency DNS Propagation Latency... 18 17 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

DNS Propagation Latency DNS propagation latency is the amount of time required for a DNS change to be pushed to global provider POPs. Measurements are provided for both primary and secondary DNS zones (where secondary DNS hosting is supported). The latency measurement provided is a median of measurements from 120 test nodes. Primary Zone This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports Secondary Zone 18 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

DNS Performance Analysis Performance Analysis Overview...20 Service Availability...20 Synthetic DNS Response Time... 21 End-user DNS Response Time... 23 Akamai... 25 AWS Route 53... 26 CloudFlare... 27 DNS Made Easy... 28 Dyn... 29 easydns...30 Ultra DNS... 31 19 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

Performance Analysis Overview The performance analysis in this report is separated into 3 categories: service availability, synthetic response times, end-user DNS response times; this data is captured utilizing a combination of the CloudHarmony browser-based DNS test (http://cloudharmony.com/dnstest) and testing conducted using CloudHarmony s network of 110 globally deployed monitoring nodes. Service Availability The following table provides service availability metrics for the prior month, and year to date (YTD). The metrics are based on the percentage of successful authoritative (non-recursive) queries made to provider DNS servers. Our network of 110 global monitoring nodes test DNS provider nameservers every 5 minutes using a random Alexa top 1000 site with DNS delegated to those providers. To eliminate false positives, if during a single test interval a node experiences 2 or more failures with different providers (indicating a potential network issue with the monitoring node), that test is aborted and the results discarded. The tables below provide 2 availability metrics.the first metric represents the percentage of tests where at least 1 nameserver responded successfully to the monitoring nodes during each 5 minute check, and the second represents the same ratio for all nameservers (meaning all provider nameservers responded successfully). Most DNS clients support retry logic, and hence more emphasis should be placed on the first metric. Service Availability of at least 1 nameserver Availability of all nameservers AWS Route 53 100.000 99.6120 DNS Made Easy 99.9998 99.7173 Ultra DNS 99.9998 99.6952 Dyn 99.9995 99.6471 EasyDNS 99.9991 97.9812 CloudFlare 99.9631 99.1567 Akamai 99.9556 99.0999 20 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

Synthetic DNS Response Time We monitor sythetic DNS response times using a combination of dig (a DNS utility) and our network of 110 global monitoring nodes. The purpose of this testing is to measure the amount of time it takes for provider DNS servers to respond to queries from these nodes. These measurements are taken every 5 minutes from each monitoring node. During each test interval, multiple measurements are taken and the median, mean, min, max and standard deviation metrics are captured. The response times used in the graphs below are derived from the median values and aggregated into multiple geographic regions. For DNS Response Time charts: Outlined in green: Performance has improved since the previous report Outlined in red: Performance has declined since the previous report North America: 57 Monitoring Nodes 160 120 US West US Central US East Canada Median Median DNS Lookup (ms) 80 40 0 Akamai DNS AWS Route 53 CloudFlare DNS DNS Made Easy Dyn DNS Easy DNS UltraDNS 21 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

Synthetic DNS Response Time continued Europe: 28 Monitoring Nodes 120 Western Europe Central Europe Eastern Europe Median 90 Median DNS Lookup (ms) 60 30 0 Akamai DNS AWS Route 53 CloudFlare DNS DNS Made Easy Dyn DNS Easy DNS UltraDNS Other Regions: 25 Monitoring Nodes 400 Asia/APAC Oceania South America Median 300 Median DNS Lookup (ms) 200 100 0 Akamai DNS AWS Route 53 CloudFlare DNS DNS Made Easy Dyn DNS Easy DNS UltraDNS 22 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time To collect end-user DNS response time, we created a browser-based DNS test at: http://cloudharmony.com/dnstest. We allow users to run this test for free, and pay users to run it using Amazon s Mechanical Turk. This test is also run using javascript tags on a few high traffic websites. To deploy this test, we delegated DNS for a domain with each DNS provider, and configured a wildcard DNS name (A) record for each. The test alternates downloading a 5 byte javascript file using cached and uncached random hostnames. End-User DNS response time is calculated as the difference between these measurements. Multiple response time samples are taken during each end user test, and the median and standard deviation are captured. Outlier response times above 1 second are discarded. The response times used in the graphs below are derived from a 90th percentile of the median values aggregated into multiple geographic regions. The purpose of this section is to present DNS performance from an enduser s perspective. This differs from synthetic response times in that it incorporates a more holistic, real-world metric that includes both DNS query time and latency between actual users and DNS provider nameservers (including the entire recursive DNS chain). The end-user response time heatmaps provide global performance analysis for individual providers. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. North America This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 23 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time continued Europe This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports Other Regions 24 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time Akamai This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 146.68 171.67 386.99 99008 US Central 82.81 108.62 244.09 27908 US East 51.74 100.79 304.39 86145 Canada 79.11 152.77 377.39 373322 Western Europe 45.21 160.77 452.33 74755 Central Europe 65.25 214.06 407.1 66227 Eastern Europe 34.29 55.17 241.79 3187 Asia/APAC 92.3 138.84 316.21 100957 Oceania 133.35 148.12 284.54 41951 South America 307.81 285.02 269.54 2303 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 25 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time AWS Route 53 This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 93.29 142.74 309.37 177540 US Central 110.41 151.58 310.14 71259 US East 41.32 94.14 229.15 173506 Canada 73.87 128.57 289.03 745647 Western Europe 69.36 131.94 329.31 150574 Central Europe 52.77 129.67 262.16 98893 Eastern Europe 109.48 152.47 342.67 12381 Asia/APAC 132.69 179.5 278.57 202307 Oceania 185.99 236.51 253.99 83444 South America 195.32 233.39 241.13 8925 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 26 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time CloudFlare This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 42.33 101.44 346.48 88439 US Central 42.08 65.42 221.38 35584 US East 23.89 58.99 258.99 86654 Canada 35.94 111.63 332.19 372111 Western Europe 40.59 149.62 367.04 75192 Central Europe 33.61 171.93 386.15 49328 Eastern Europe 60.59 333.27 550.05 6178 Asia/APAC 25.65 111.53 313.96 101095 Oceania 24.32 91.39 189.89 41712 South America 269.79 275.75 206.64 4463 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 27 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time DNS Made Easy This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 35.82 78.29 291.5 224348 US Central 39.32 55.09 262.71 90218 US East 23.29 40.16 187.91 220056 Canada 33.48 71.28 262.46 944267 Western Europe 37.45 86.56 307.9 190520 Central Europe 34.01 74.45 234.81 125913 Eastern Europe 42.11 71.05 236.14 15428 Asia/APAC 79.76 123.62 228.49 256165 Oceania 26.06 79.14 170.07 105197 South America 258.65 270.45 217.53 11240 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 28 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time Dyn This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 41.24 94.5 331.34 160999 US Central 44.25 76.75 396.77 64650 US East 28.23 72.71 297.51 156898 Canada 36.66 92.18 338.55 674565 Western Europe 42.7 110.71 362.45 136183 Central Europe 28.2 93.64 334.38 89010 Eastern Europe 44.64 66.98 281.12 11250 Asia/APAC 70.62 114.55 240.52 183043 Oceania 73.03 133.81 231.35 75796 South America 169.84 219.39 363.53 8109 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 29 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time easydns This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 77.96 152.86 434.04 187108 US Central 94.74 163.97 463.62 76416 US East 71.72 147.89 442.97 184361 Canada 87.03 171.23 459.06 790704 Western Europe 80.85 172.68 467.15 159028 Central Europe 112.88 198.82 450.29 104157 Eastern Europe 114.64 315.36 599.49 13226 Asia/APAC 196.17 259.18 381.92 212870 Oceania 242.92 318.01 361.01 88429 South America 324.39 408.96 468.74 9633 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 30 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

End-User DNS Response Time UltraDNS This chart provides global performance analysis. Regions are color coded according to the average performance in that region. Green indicates faster and red slower DNS response times for users within those regions. Region Median Mean Std Dev Number of Tests US West 40.78 76.57 269.57 248754 US Central 43.86 61.04 254.12 98727 US East 26.01 44.27 173.85 241620 Canada 33.15 81.16 278.8 1037655 Western Europe 33.79 110.53 335.52 209283 Central Europe 26.27 116.98 324.26 136207 Eastern Europe 44.37 73.17 237.42 17097 Asia/APAC 142.87 146.12 231.24 281844 Oceania 180.31 157.47 208.2 116371 South America 183.99 219.86 252.24 12532 This content is available in the Premium Edition available at http://cloudharmony.com/reports 31 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Performance Analysis

DNS Networks AWS Route 53... 34 CloudFlare... 35 DNS Made Easy... 36 Dyn... 37 easydns... 38 Ultra DNS... 39 32 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc.

Provider Network Akamai Akamai Akamai has not disclosed specific locations of DNS POPs. Akamai maintains 20 Anycast DNS clusters each with different POPs and customers are assigned to a subset of these. 533 33 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network AWS Route 53 AWS Route 53 AWS Route 53 39 POPs City Country City Country Sydney Australia Madrid Spain São Paulo Brazil Stockholm Sweden Hong Kong (2) China Ashburn, VA (3) Marseille France Atlanta, GA Paris (2) France Dallas, TX (2) Frankfurt (3) Germany Hayward, CA London (3) Great Britain Jacksonville, FL Chennai India Los Angeles, CA (2) Mumbai India Miami, FL Dublin Ireland New York, NY (3) Milan Italy Newark, NJ Osaka Japan Palo Alto, CA Tokyo (2) Japan San Jose, CA Seoul Korea Seattle, WA Amsterdam (2) Warsaw Netherlands Poland South Bend, IN St Louis, MO 533 Singapore (2) Singapore 34 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network CloudFlare CLOUDFLARE CloudFlare 25 POPs City Country City Country Vienna Austria Stockholm Sweden Sydney Australia Singapore Singapore Toronto Canada Los Angeles, CA Valparaiso Colombia San Jose, CA Prague Czech Republic Washington, DC Frankfurt Germany Miami, FL Paris France Atlanta, GA London England Chicago, IL Hong Kong Hong Kong Newark, NJ Tokyo Japan Dallas, TX Seoul South Korea Ashburn, VA Amsterdam Netherlands Seattle, WA Warsaw Poland 533 35 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network DNS Made Easy DNS MADE EASY DNS Made Easy 12 POPs City Sydney Frankfurt London Hong Kong Los Angeles, CA San Jose, CA Miami, FL Chicago, IL New York, NY Dallas, TX Ashburn, VA Reston, VA Country Australia Germany Great Britain Hong Kong 533 36 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network Dyn DYN Dyn 18 POPs City Sydney Sao Paulo Frankfurt London Hong Kong Mumbai Tokyo Amsterdam Warsaw Singapore Los Angeles, CA Palo Alto, CA Miami, FL Chicago, IL North Bergen, NJ Dallas, TX Ashburn, VA Seattle, WA Country Australia Brazil Germany Great Britain Hong Kong India Japan Netherlands Poland Singapore 533 37 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network EasyDNS EASY DNS EasyDNS 17 POPs City Sydney Paris London Hong Kong Tokyo Amsterdam Phoenix, AZ Los Angeles, CA Palo Alto, CA San Francisco, CA San Jose, CA Washington, DC Miami, FL Chicago, IL Ashburn, VA Seattle, WA Zurich Country Australia France Great Britain Hong Kong Japan Netherlands Switzerland 533 38 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks

Provider Network UltraDNS Ultra DNS UltraDNS 30 POPs City Country City Country Sydney Australia Johannesburg South Africa Sao Paulo Brazil Madrid Spain Toronto Canada Taipei Taiwan Vancouver Canada Phoenix, AZ Beijing China Los Angeles, CA Bogota Colombia San Jose, CA Paris France Denver, CO Frankfurt Germany Miami, FL London Great Britain Atlanta, GA Hong Kong Hong Kong Chicago, IL Mumbai India Minneapolis, MN Dublin Ireland New York, NY Tokyo Japan Dallas, TX Amsterdam Netherlands Ashburn, TX Singapore Singapore Seattle, WA 533 39 State of the Cloud DNS Report 2014 CloudHarmony Inc. DNS Networks