Cytology Overview
Cell (1) This is the most basic unit of life inside of our bodies.
ATP (2) Each of our cell s requires energy in order to carry out its day to day func>ons. This is the energy all cells require in order to carry out their func>ons.
ATP/ADP Cycle (3) This is the cycle our cells go through when they acquire and use ATP.
Organelles (4) All cells have an internal structure made up of different parts that perform different func>ons. This is the name for what we call all of the different parts of a cell.
Nucleus (5) This is the organelle inside of each one of our cells that stores our bodies gene>c informa>on. It is like a map containing the code for the exact type of proteins that should be made to make our body look the way it does.
True! (6) True or False- The FCAT expects you to be able to iden>fy the loca>on and func>on of each of the organelles in both an animal and plant cell. Included in your studying this weekend you should make sure you have them all memorized, including their loca>on and structure inside the cell.
Plants (7) These start the food chain by catalyzing the sun s energy to make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.
Cell Wall (8) This is an organelle a plant possess that an animal cell does not. It is an extra protec>ve layer outside the cell membrane that provides the plant with extra protec>on.
Chloroplast (9) This is another organelle that a plant possesses that an animal cell does not possess. It allows the plant to absorb sunlight. This is the place inside a plant where photosynthesis occurs.
Chlorophyll (10) This is the molecule inside the plant that absorbs the sun s light energy in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Review
(11) A plant undergoes photosynthesis in order to make its own (food).
(11) A plant undergoes photosynthesis in order to make its own glucose (food).
C 6 H 12 O 6 (12) What is the chemical formula for glucose?
(13) Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of the plant, the thylakoid and the. chloroplast grana (thylakoids) stroma
stroma (13) Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of the plant, the thylakoids and the stroma. chloroplast grana (thylakoids) stroma
Photosynthesis: Step 1: Light Dependent Reac>ons (14) Photosynthesis is a two step process. Light reac>ons are the first step in photosynthesis. These reac>ons depend on the light of the sun to be catalyzed.
Photosynthesis: Step 1: Light Dependent Reac>ons (14) Photosynthesis is a two step process. Light dependent reac>ons are the first step in photosynthesis. These reac>ons depend on the light of the sun to be catalyzed.
(15) In the first step of photosynthesis, light dependent reac>ons, sunlight and water are transferred to light- independent reac>ons. Oxygen is a waste. This occurs along the plants th membrane.
thylakoid (15) In the first step of photosynthesis, light- dependent reac>ons, sunlight and water are transferred to light- independent reac>ons. Oxygen is a waste. This occurs along the plants thylakoid membrane.
(16) In the light dependent reac>ons of photosynthesis, energy is absorbed from sunlight and w is broken up. The elec from the hydrogen atom in water are used as en and transported across the thylakoid membrane.
(16) In the light dependent reac>ons of photosynthesis, energy is absorbed from sunlight and water is broken up. The electrons from the oxygen atom in water are used as energy and transported across the thylakoid membrane.
(17) In the second part of the light dependent reac>ons of photosynthesis, charged elec are used to make an energy carrying molecule called NAD that transfers energy to the light in reac>ons, all with the main goal of allowing the plant to make its own gl.
(17) In the second part of the light dependent reac>ons of photosynthesis, charged electrons are used to make an energy carrying molecule called NADPH that transfers energy to the light independent reac>ons, all with the main goal of allowing the plant to make its own glucose.
(18) The light independent reac>ons do/do not depend on sunlight.
(18) The light independent reac>ons do not depend on sunlight.
Draw three posters, one represenmng light- dependent reacmons in the plant along the thylakoid membrane, one represenmng light- independent reacmons in the stroma, and one showing the calvin cycle.
(19) The light independent reac>ons form the final product of glucose. The carbon in C 6 H 12 O 6 is created through the calvin/krebs cycle through the addi>on of carbon d (CO 2 ) into the st.
(19) The light independent reac>ons form the final product of glucose. The carbon in C 6 H 12 O 6 is created through the calvin cycle through the addi>on of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the stroma.
(20) The photo below shows the calvin/ krebs cycle, the final step in a plant making its own gl.
(20) The photo below shows the calvin cycle, the final step in a plant making its own glucose.
Cellular RespiraMon Review
(21) Cellular respira>on, also referred to as ae re, or breathing, is the process by which we create for our cells. It is actually just the exact opposite of the process of ph.
(21) Cellular respira>on, also referred to as aerobic respiramon, or breathing, is the process by which we create energy for our cells. It is actually just the exact opposite of the process of photosynthesis.
The equa>ons for cellular respira>on and photosynthesis. (22) What is the first thing you should write down on your scrap paper when you take the FCAT?
What is the chemical equa>on for cellular respira>on? (23)
Energy (24) What is cellular respira>on crea>ng for our cells?
(25) This is the organelle in the cell in which cellular respira>on occurs.
Mitochondria (25) This is the organelle in the cell in which cellular respira>on occurs.
(26) Photosynthesis creates glucose; in contrast, cellular respira>on breaks down glucose and uses its stored.
(26) Photosynthesis creates glucose; in contrast, cellular respira>on breaks down glucose and uses its stored energy.
(27) The first stage of cellular respira>on creates 2 molecules of ATP. It then creates an energy- carrying molecule called NADH and produces 4 more molecules of ATP. It is called glycolysis.
(28) While photosynthesis undergoes the calvin cycle to create glucose, cellular respira>on undergoes the cycle to break down glucose, producing carbon (CO 2 ) as a waste and transfers en - carrying molecules. 1 mitochondrion ATP matrix (area enclosed and by inner membrane) 6CO 2 3 energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 energy 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H 2 O 4
(28) While photosynthesis undergoes the calvin cycle to create glucose, cellular respira>on undergoes the krebs cycle to break down glucose, producing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a waste and transfering energy- carrying molecules. 1 mitochondrion ATP matrix (area enclosed and by inner membrane) 6CO 2 3 energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 energy 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H 2 O 4
(29) In the second stage of cellular respira>on, ox enters cell and w is released as a waste product, producing 2/38 molecules of ATP. 1 mitochondrion ATP matrix (area enclosed and by inner membrane) 6CO 2 3 energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 energy 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H 2 O 4
DirecMons- Create 2 posters- one represen>ng the Krebs Cycle below and one represen>ng the details of Aerobic Respira>on in the lower right corner below 1 mitochondrion ATP matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 3 energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 energy 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H 2 O 4
(29) In the second stage of cellular respira>on, oxygen enters the cell and water is released as a waste product, producing 38 molecules of ATP. 1 mitochondrion ATP matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 energy 2 energy from glycolysis and 6O 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H 2 O 4
(30) Fermenta>on is an aerobic/anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
(30) Fermenta>on is an aerobic/anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
(30) Fermenta>on is an anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
(31) Fermenta>on is used in the produc>on of food such as yogurt, cheese and bread.