Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Energia MRT Fuel Cell Lab 1 Workshop Italiano su Celle a Combustibile 22/23 Ottobre 2012
Department of Energy AIM to carry out advanced research activities on energy sciences and technologies STAFF 110 researchers 120 PhD students + young researchers 5 DIVISIONS Chemical Technologies and Processes Nanotechnology Electrical Nuclear Engineering Fluid Dynamic Machines, Propulsion & Energy Systems Thermal Engineering & Environmental Technology A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
MRT Fuel Cell Lab 3 AIM HOW To improve PEM Fuel Cell focusing on transport phenomena, through: understanding of critical phenomena innovative components development operation and lifetime optimization Combined experiments and modelling approach Multiscale: components single cell system Research Lines DMFC single cell and components HTPEM single cell and components LTPEM CHP system A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
MRT Fuel Cell Lab 4? STAFF Andrea Casalegno Lab Leader Renzo Marchesi MRT Group Leader Fabio Rinaldi Researcher Samuele Galbiati Postdoc fellow Matteo Zago PhD candidate Fausto Bresciani PhD candidate Andrea Baricci PhD candidate PRODUCTS (since 2005) ISI journal 15 Master of science thesis 12 A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab PhD thesis 3 Funding (20052014) 850 000
Facilities 5 2 DMFC single cell setups Overall & anode polarization Mass transport (CO 2 & H 2 O balance) Degradation 24h/24h (anode & overall) Membrane resistance (at 1 khz AC) 2 HTPEM single cell setups Overall & anode polarization Mass transport (H 2 O balance) Degradation 24h/24h (anode & overall) Membrane resistance (at 1 khz AC) Mass transport setup for GDL Gas phase: diffusivity Liquid phase: permeability, capillarity Electrochemical measures EIS (anode & cathode) CV LSV Gas composition µgc syngas simulation mass balance A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
On going projects 6 DMFC 20112014 PREMIUM ACT FP7 JTI FCH Degradation / mass transport HTPEFC 20122013 Collaboration with DAPOSY (DK) Degradation / mass transport 20122013 Collaboration with IIT@Polimi Innovative components 20112014 Microgen30 Industria2015 (?) Performance / degradation PEMCHP (ICI Caldaie Sidera 30 kw e 45 kw th ) 20092014 Real FC Regione Lombardia Performance / degradation 20112014 STAR Ricerca di sistema Optimization FOCUSING ON DEGRADATION AND MASS TRANSPORT A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
DMFC: PREMIUM ACT 7 Partners CEA, DLR, Polimi, IRD, JRC, ICI, Soprano Leader of Experiments Method degradation of performance in DMFC How to separate components degradations? How to distinguish permanent and temporary degradations? Fundamentals Which mechanisms are more relevant? Which is operating condition influence? development of accelerated test protocols How to shorten test? Modelling reproduce degradation in performance and EIS spectra How to simulate EIS spectra? Which physicchemical parameters are affected? predictive modelling validation How to predict and maximize lifetime? A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
DMFC: anode temporary degradation 8 Appropriate cycles give considerable reduction Operating conditions (i=0.25 A cm 2 T=75 C). A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
DMFC: degradation mechanisms 9 Reference MEA anode spectra in time (i=0.25 A cm 2 T=75 C) Linear branch extension and mass transport effect Temporary Degradation suspected origin: consumption of CH 3 OH and H 2 O accumulated in GDL A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
Anode EIS spectra modelling 10 +,. i x = i # C *1 met % $ C ref η x = i σ t D 2 C x = ε C 2 t Γ γ CO t & ( ' α = i x1 4 F i x2 2 F (1 γ CO ) e # η & % $ ' b 1 ( + i*2 C H2O γ CO e Electrode model: 2D dynamic # η & % $ b2 ' GDL model: 2D dynamic twophase multimechanisms ( + Cdl η t A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
DMFC: Mass transport Experimental characterization of pore obstruction Casalegno, A., Bresciani, F., Groppi, G., Marchesi, R. 2011 J. of Power Sources 196 (24), pp. 1063210639 Water transport and flooding mechanisms modelling Zago, M., Casalegno, A., Santoro, C., Marchesi, R. 2012 J. of Power Sources 217, pp. 381391 A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
HTPEM 12 Collaboration with DAPOSY (DK) on Degradation PREMIUM ACT approach: Experiments + Modelling Collaboration with IIT on Innovative components New electrode concept realized by deposition (PLD, sputtering) A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
PEMCHP 20 ppm 13 320 V Regione Lombardia 20092014 ICI Caldaie Sidera 30 kw e 45 kw th EXPERIMENTS FOR Performance and degradation in real conditions System improvement for next generation CHP 440 V 2 ppm 220 V 200 V 0 A 120 A! Ricerca di Sistema 20112014 Trigenerative Sidera with desicant cooling MODELLING for optimal system and operation A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab
Future projects 14 TOPICS Degradation and its origins expensive, time consuming Syngas and impurity expensive Fundamental models for diagnostics hard work STRATEGY Consolidate our approach More work with material developers More international partnerships high risk high impact more stable funding A. Casalegno MRT Fuel Cell Lab