What goes up must come down: New techniques to improve downstream fish passage Olle Calles
Study sites NRRV Österdalälven Västerdalälven Gavleån Testeboån Klarälven Alsterälven Gullspångsälven Storelva Göta älv Motala ström Ätran Emån Mörrumsån Lyckebyån Rönne å Kävlingeån Pielinen Daugava (Latvenergo & BIOR) + Italy, Costa Rica, Greece, US
Swedish River Rehabilitation Upstream passage
Swedish River Rehabilitation Nature-like design can provide much more than passage for salmonids!
Swedish River Rehabilitation Upstream passage Habitat www.vindelriverlife.se Downstream passage
What is the current rehabilitation need? Hydropower plants Vattenkraftverk Fishways
The Swedish standard solution Klarälven
Stopping is not saving Klarälven
Stopped but not saved Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO.org)
Stopped but not saved Emån
Put an end to one-way rivers! Fish need two-way rivers!
Conventional trash rack Water velocity 1 m/s
α-rack
α-rack
α-rack
α-rack
α-rack
α-rack
α-rack
β-rack
Swedish downstream passage rehabilitation 2007
Swedish downstream passage rehabilitation 2013 1. Ätran 2. Emån 3. Alsterälven 4. Mörrumsån 5. Ätran Ume- Vindelälven, Piteälven Rolfsån, Ätran, Lyckebyån, Gavleån, Testeboån, Säveån Klarälven, Göta älv, Motala ström, Rönne å, Kävlingeån
Case studies (2008-1st test) - River Ätran, Ätrafors HEP (72 m 3 s -1 ) Atlantic salmon European eel Sea lamprey
Racks without passage - Ätrafors old 20 mm racks
Racks without passage - Ätrafors old 20 mm racks Loss (N=135) 58% on racks (68 cm / 27 ) Passage efficiency 28%
Racks and collection facility - Ätrafors new 18 mm racks Loss (N=50) 0% on rack >80% FGE Passage efficiency >90%
Racks and collection facility - Ätrafors new 18 mm racks
Racks and collection facility - Ätrafors new 18 mm racks Two entrances per rack (250 x 1000 mm)
Racks and collection facility - From fyke-nets to cages
Racks and collection facility - From fyke-nets to cages
Racks and collection facility - From fyke-nets to cages 2012 352 silver eels in cages 25 dead eels on rack (27% with nets) Some other species + rats and minks!
Case studies (2009-2nd test) - River Emån, Övre Finsjö HEP (14 m 3 s -1 ) Foto: Jonas Hedlund
33 spp!
Former HEP1 in the River Emån
Racks and bypass - Övre Finsjö (HEP3) new 18 mm racks
Racks and bypass - Övre Finsjö new 18 mm racks
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Baltic vimba (Vimba vimba) Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) Brown trout (Salmo trutta) Chub (Leuciscus cephalus) Common bream (Abramis brama) European catfish (Silurus glanis) European eel (Anguilla anguilla) Ide (Leuciscus idus) Perch (Perca fluviatilis) Pike (Esox lucius) Evaluation >1000 fish springs 2009-2010 19 of 25 species (33 in total) Passage efficiency trout smolts Was 30% Now is 84% Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) River lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) Roach (Rutilus rutilus) Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) Tench (Tinca tinca) White bream (Blicca bjoerkna) Zander (Sander lucioperca)
Case studies (2010, 3rd test) - River Alsterälven, Alsters HEP (5 m 3 s -1 ) Racks + bypass Ø 150 mm 20 mm α-racks Steep but low V A Depth preference? 1. Eels 2. Other species?
Racks and bypass (pipes) - Alster new 20 mm racks Surface Middle Surface preference perch, bleak, white bream, common bream, pike, ruffe, zander, roach, smelt, tench & trout Mid-preference - Bottom Deep preference eel & burbot
Case studies (2012 4th test) - River Mörrumsån Granö HEP (60 m 3 s -1 ) Racks x 3 Submerged entrances Collection facility Composite
Racks and collection facility - Granö new 18 mm composite racks Two entrances / rack (Ø Max: 195mm)
Racks and collection facility - Granö new 18 mm composite racks Two entrances / rack (Ø Max: 195mm) Ø 195mm Ø 150mm Ø 100mm
Case studies (2013-5th test) - River Ätran, Herting HEP (60 m 3 s -1 ) Atlantic salmon European eel Sea lamprey
River Ätran 20 km HEP B - Lia HEP A - Nydala HEP 1 - Herting HEP 2 - Ätrafors
β-racks and large nature-like fishway - Herting new passage facilities 11 m 3 /s > 20% FILM? 15 mm rack
IV. River Ätran Herting HEP - Large nature-like fishway ( 11 cms)
Ätran HEP 1 Herting 2013 - Nature-like fishway ( 11 m 3 /s)
Ätran HEP 1 Herting 2013 - Nature-like fishway ( 11 m 3 /s)
Ätran HEP 1 Herting 2013 - Nature-like fishway ( 11 m 3 /s)
Ätran HEP 1 Herting 2013 - Nature-like fishway ( 11 m 3 /s)
Ätran HEP 1 Herting 2013 - Low-sloping rack with large bypass
HEP 1 evaluation 2014-15: Atlantic salmon, European eel & sea lamprey Upstream and downstream using radio-telemetry
At last we have taken off, but More examples in grey literature!? Ger, Fra more? Species specific behavior lab experiments? Rack design Dimensioning gap width vs. fish size & rack angle Rack material: iron, steel, composite β-types: single vs. double, horizontal vs. vertical bars Flat vs. hydrodynamically shaped bars Bypass design Entrance design: size, shape Discharge: absolute and relative How to combine bypass forpassage, monitoring and collection? Can low-sloping racks be applied to large HEPs? Perhaps Johan Lind knows?
Edsforsen HEP River Klarälven/Trysilelva Norconsult Johan Lind Johan Östberg, Petter Norén Axel Emanuelsson
Summary Downstream passage can be rehabilitated Goal should be two-way rivers for all species Lessons learned from first attempts: Racks with low slope (35 ) and increase area Decreased gap width (18 mm) Passage ideal solution, but not always feasible Collection facilities problematic, but preferred in rivers with multiple HEPs Solutions for large HEPs need to be tested!
TACK! County boards: Värmland Kalmar Jönköping Blekinge Skåne Gävleborg Halland Kronoberg Dalarna Västra Götaland, m.fl.
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