PUBLICATION 2007: Transport of Goods through Skåne and Blekinge SUMMARY OF MAIN REPORT
Title: Transport of Goods through Skåne and Blekinge Summary of main report Swedish Road Administration s publication number: 2007: Publication date: 2007-01-31 Publisher: Swedish Road Administration, Skåne Region (Vägverket Region Skåne) Contact person at Swedish Road Administration, Skåne Region: Petra Fluor, petra.fluor@vv.se Project management and execution: Trivector Traffic AB, www.trivector.com Project manager at Trivector: Petra Ahlström, petra.ahlstrom@trivector.se Translation: Katarina Evanth, Trivector Traffic AB Cover photo: Per Gunnar Andersson, Trivector Traffic AB Digital version: A PDF version of the main report in Swedish can be downloaded at www.vv.se (Publication number 2006:10) ISSN-number at Swedish Road Administration: 1401-612 Distributor: Swedish Road Administration, Skåne Region, Box 543, SE- 25 Kristianstad, Sweden, vagverket.kri@vv.se, telephone +46 771, telefax +46 44 1 51 5 Financiers of the project: Swedish Road Administration, Skåne County Administration, Blekinge County Administration, Region Skåne, Region Blekinge, SIKA (Swedish Institute for Transport and Communications Analysis), Swedish National Rail Administration Southern Region, Malmö city, Port of Helsingborg, Port of Trelleborg, Port of Ystad, Port of Karlshamn, Port of Karlskrona and Öresund Bridge Consortium
I SUMMARY OF MAIN REPORT Transport of Goods through Skåne and Blekinge Introduction This is the English summary of the main report Transport of Goods through Skåne and Blekinge. The main report is only available in Swedish. The project was commissioned by the Swedish Road Administration and carried out by the consultancy company Trivector. The regions of Skåne and Blekinge, situated in the south of Sweden, play an important role in Sweden s international goods transports and these regions have to handle a considerable volume of this traffic. Heavy vehicles are associated with environmental and safety risks. Some of the negative effects of traffic are directly linked to the extent of the goods transports. There is a strong need for improved statistics for goods with long distance transports to, from and through Skåne and Blekinge. This study has been carried out in order to obtain the basis for such planning. The aim of the study is to make a survey of the transport of goods in Skåne and Blekinge. This is carried out in the following sub-studies: The port study a study based on interviews with lorry drivers in selected ports. The Öresund Bridge study a study based on interviews with lorry drivers from transport companies using the Öresund Bridge that connects Malmö in Sweden to Copenhagen in Denmark. Compilation of statistics on the transport of goods by Swedishregistered lorries to, from and within Sweden. The source is the Swedish Institute for Transport and Communications Analysis (SIKA). Compilation of transport of goods by rail. Compilation of bulk goods, container goods etc. transported via selected ports. The port study and Öresund Bridge study includes about 000 interviews with lorry drivers on 14 ferry routes that run between ports in Skåne or Blekinge and foreign Baltic Sea ports, and with lorry drivers using the Öresund Bridge. The interviews were carried out in a total of fifteen ports; six ports in Skåne and Blekinge in Sweden and nine ports in total in Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. These ports are listed below: Helsingborg (Skåne, Sweden) Malmö (Skåne, Sweden) Trelleborg (Skåne, Sweden) Ystad (Skåne, Sweden) Karlshamn (Blekinge, Sweden) Karlskrona (Blekinge, Sweden) Helsingør (Denmark) Rønne (Denmark) Travemünde (Germany) Rostock (Germany) Sassnitz (Germany) Swinoujscie (Poland) Gdynia (Poland) Klaipeda (Lithuania) Ventspils (Latvia) Helsingør Rostock Travemünde Helsingborg Malmö Ystad Trelleborg Sassnitz Karlskrona Karlshamn Rønne Swinoujscie Gdynia Ports in which interviews were carried out. The lorry drivers who were interviewed were asked to fill in questionnaires that Ventspils Klaipeda
II contained questions regarding among other things the quantities and types of goods; if there were dangerous goods loaded in the lorries and in that case, their type and weight; starting points and destinations for the transports (country and city/town), route choices made in Skåne and Blekinge; vehicle registration country, driver s nationality, types of vehicles and degree of usage (loaded volume). Drivers of foreign-registered vehicles were asked if they had made a cabotage transport in Sweden. 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Helsingborg Malmö Trelleborg Ystad Karlshamn Karlskrona Öresund Bridge Number of transports by lorry including trailers to and from Skåne and Blekinge, via the ports in Skåne and Blekinge and via the Öresund Bridge (2005). 1 2 Total number of goods transports Domestic transports According to SIKA, Swedish-registered lorries make 5,400,000 domestic goods transports every year on the road network to, from and within Skåne and Blekinge. Of these, 3,00,000 transports take place within Skåne and 300,000 transports take place within Blekinge. Annually, there are one million transports between Skåne/Blekinge and other regions of Sweden. 0 17 E6/ 800,000 163,00,000 1 E4 7 1 1 1 200,000 8 2 200,000 300,000 Number of domestic transports with Swedishregistered lorries, according to SIKA (annual average values for 2003 and 2004). Goods transports via the ports and the Öresund Bridge According to statistics from the ports in Skåne and Blekinge, there was a total of 1,440,000 lorry transports (including trailers) that passed through the ports via the ferries in Skåne and Blekinge in 2005. Two ports dominate the goods transports in Skåne and Blekinge; the port of Trelleborg with 466,000 lorries/year and the port of Helsingborg with 442,000 lorries/year. According to the Öresund Bridge Consortium, 0,000 lorries used the Öresund Bridge in the year 2005. Of these, 78% had their starting point and destination in Skåne or Blekinge. The remaining 22% of the transports consisted of transit traffic to other parts of Sweden, Norway or Finland. Of the total 1,400,000 lorry transports via the ports, about 1,1,000 are comprised of transit traffic passing through Skåne or Blekinge. Almost 80% of the transit traffic has its starting point or destination in other parts of Sweden. 1 2 0 17 300,000 E6/ 16 1 E4 7 1 1 1,02,000 1 8,000 2 Number of lorry transports via the ports (2005). 12,000
III Quantities of Goods Goods via the ports and the Öresund Bridge The largest quantity of goods 10.7 million tonnes/year comes via the port of Trelleborg. Malmö is second with 8.3 million tonnes/year, Karlshamn and the Öresund Bridge follow with 7.3 million tonnes/year each and then comes Helsingborg with 7.0 tonnes/year. Quantities of goods in tonnes per port (2005). Lorries and trailers Goods by rail, bulk, goods, container goods etc. Total (2005) Helsingborg 4,306,000 2,66,000 6,75,000 Karlshamn 1,157,000* 6,168,000 7,325,000 Karlskrona 54,000 2,000 1,226,000 Malmö 3,475,000 4,78,000 8,264,000 Trelleborg 8,018,000 2,66,000 10,687,000 Ystad 2,008,000 625,000 2,633,000 Höganäs 0 332,000 332,000 Landskrona 0 670,000 670,000 Ronneby 0 34,000 34,000 Simrishamn 0 5,000 5,000 Sölvesborg 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Åhus 0 840,000 840,000 Öresund Bridge 2,700,000** 4,60,000 7,30,000 TOTAL 22,618,000,812,000 47,430,000 *Karlshamn has a higher average value for the weight of the goods per lorry, 26 tonnes compared to 10-17 tonnes per lorry for the other ports. This is partly due to a relatively large proportion of industrial goods. ** assumed value: 0,000 lorries with a load of 10 tonnes per vehicle Goods transports by rail According to data from the Swedish National Freight Transport model system (SAMGODS), the total quantity of goods transported by rail to, from, within and through Skåne and Blekinge was about 7.8 million tonnes for the year 2001. Of this, about 1.3 million tonnes were transported to, from and within Skåne and Blekinge. Most of it about 1. million tonnes/year went to and from Skåne. The transit traffic by rail through Skåne and Blekinge comprised 6.5 million tonnes of goods Results of the port study and the Öresund Bridge study In this section, the results of the port study and the Öresund Bridge study are presented. All results are calculated values for the year 2005. Lorry transports via the ports to and from Skåne and Blekinge About 312,000 transports, or 22% of the total number of goods transports via the ports, start or end in Skåne or Blekinge. For all of the transports, the most common starting points and destinations are Helsingborg and Malmö. In Blekinge, Karlshamn is the most common starting point and destination. Helsingborg Malmö Trelleborg Klippan Karlshamn Kristianstad Lund Perstorp Hässleholm Landskrona Ystad Bromölla 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% The most common starting points and destinations for goods transports to and from Skåne and Blekinge. About 57% of the lorry transports via the ferry lines in Helsingborg have their starting point or destination in the city of Helsingborg itself. Malmö is the starting point or destination for almost half of the lorry transports that use the Öresund Bridge. Most starting points or destinations abroad are in Germany and Denmark.
IV Germany Denmark Netherlands Poland Italy France Spain Belgium Czech Republic Aus tria Hungary Lithuania Switzerland Slovakia Latvia Turkey United Kingdom Estonia Skåne Blekinge 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% The most common starting points or destinations abroad for goods transports to and from Skåne and Blekinge. Transit traffic via the ports Roughly 78% of the total number of goods transports via the ports constitutes transit traffic passing through Skåne and Blekinge. Sweden-Germany Sweden-Denmark Sweden-Poland Sweden-Netherlands Sweden-Czech Republic Sweden-Italy Sweden-France Sweden-Austria Sweden-Belgium Sweden-Hungary Sweden-Spain Sweden-Lithuania Denmark-Norway Poland-Norway Germany-Norway Denmark-Finland Western Sw eden Eastern Sw eden Northern Sw eden Transit 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% The most common transport relations for transit traffic via the ports. The most common transport relations for the transit traffic are Sweden Germany and Sweden Denmark. A few percent of the transit traffic has neither starting point nor destination in Sweden; the most common relations for this traffic are Denmark Norway and Poland Norway. Transit traffic that only passes through Skåne and Blekinge often starts or ends in Göteborg or Stockholm. 1 2 48 % Göteborg Stockholm Jönköping Halmstad Norrköping Örebro Borås Trollhättan Växjö Eskilstuna Falkenberg Älmhult Värnamo 30 % 37 % 0 17 E6/ 34 % 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% The most common starting points and destinations in Sweden for transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. Route choices for goods transports via the ports and the Öresund Bridge Almost half of all of the goods transports via the ports take route between Malmö and Helsingborg. About 34% of the goods traffic travels on the E6/ between Trelleborg and Malmö. E4 16 1 4 % 8 % 35 % 1 % 7 2 % 2 % 1 % 2 % 1 1 5 % 8 2 1 % 3 % 1 % Percentage of the total number of goods transports via the ports that make different route choices. The transit traffic from the ports in Skåne almost exclusively uses routes and E4 when passing through Skåne. 1 % 4 % 3 %
V Helsingborg - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about 345,000 or 78% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Helsingborg, consist of transit traffic through Skåne. The transit traffic s route choices are primarily routes E4 and. About 50% goes by the E4 while 46% chooses the. The remaining 4% is distributed on other roads. 46 % 1 0 E4 7 50 % 1 17 16 E6/ 2 1 8 1 1 Transit traffic via Helsingborg and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). Malmö - route choice for transit traffic 44 % Annually, about 144,000 or 65% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Malmö, consist of transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. The figure shows that this transit traffic mainly travels on routes and E4. About 3% goes via the. After Helsingborg, 4% chooses the E4 while 44% continues north on the and 7 % takes the. E4 2 1 4 % 7 5% 3 % 1 7 % 2 1 8 1 1 Transit traffic via Malmö and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). Trelleborg - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about 4,000 or 84% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Trelleborg consist of transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. The figure shows that this transit traffic mainly uses routes /; % of the transit traffic to and from Trelleborg goes along these roads. About 1% of the transit traffic goes via the regional road. In Malmö, 5% of the traffic continues on the while the remainder travels north along the. Upon reaching Helsingborg, 55% chooses the E4 instead while 3% continues northward along the. 2 1 3 % % E6/ 55 % 1 5 % E4 7 1 1 1 8 2 Transit traffic via Trelleborg and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). (30)
VI Ystad - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about,000 or 75% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Ystad consist of transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. Compared to other ports, the traffic to and from Ystad has a greater variation of route choices. Roughly two-thirds of the vehicles choose route and % choose the national road. Three percent of the transit traffic goes to and from Denmark. Karlshamn - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about 36,000 or 80% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Karlshamn consist of transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. The primary route choice is route. About 20% of the lorry traffic to and from Karlshamn travels onward to Denmark via routes and. About 20% chooses the and continues on the national road, which the majority of the vehicles use to reach the. Other common route choices are the national road 2 and the regional road. About 7% of the vehicles leave Blekinge via the eastwards. 1 2 63 % 3 % 37 % 0 17 16 25 % 1 67 % 6 % % % % 1 1 8 7 % 2 Transit traffic via Ystad and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). 1 2 0 17 E6/ 16 1 E4 7 % 20 % 2 % 3 2 % 1 1 1 8 4 % 18 % % 2 % % 47 42 % 2 10 % Transit traffic via Karlshamn and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). 7 % Karlskrona - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about 63,000 or 87% of the lorry transports to and from the ferries in Karlskrona consist of transit traffic through Skåne and Blekinge. The transit traffic principally travels north through Blekinge. Almost one-third of the traffic travels along route eastward. Common route choices are also national roads (%) and (%). About 2% of the traffic goes via the and to and from Denmark. ANÄS 1 2 SINGBORG 0 17 E6/ 16 E4 7 2 % 8 % 1 2 % 10 % 1 1 1 8 2 14 % % 14 % Transit traffic via Karlskrona and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: port study 2005). % %
VII The Öresund Bridge - route choice for transit traffic Annually, about 5,000 or 22% of the lorry transports that use the Öresund Bridge consist of transit traffic. A majority of the transit traffic goes via the European route between Malmö and Helsingborg. Most vehicles 83% then exit Skåne by the E4. Since there were only about 75 observations of transit driving via the Öresund Bridge, the results should be viewed with some caution. 2 1 17 % 83 % E4 1 2 The distribution of countries in which the vehicles are registered is almost the same as that of the drivers home countries. There is, however, a small difference. The percentage of German, Polish and Hungarian drivers is slightly higher than the corresponding percentage of vehicle registration countries. In a corresponding manner, the percentage of Danish, Swedish, Dutch and Austrian drivers is slightly lower than the percentage of vehicles from these countries. Types of vehicles A majority of the vehicles 83% are semi trailers, about 10% are lorries with trailers and 7% are single lorries. 0% 80% 70% 100 % 1 8 60% 50% 1 40% 30% 20% 10% Transit traffic via the Öresund Bridge and through Skåne/Blekinge (Source: Öresund Bridge study 2005). Vehicles/drivers Most of the lorries that travel from Skåne and Blekinge via the ports are registered in Germany, Denmark, Poland or Sweden. These four countries account for 70% of the goods transports by lorry to, from and through Skåne and Blekinge. This corresponds to almost one million transports per year. 0% Single lorry Lorry with trailer Semi trailer Types of vehicles used for transports of goods via the ports. Degree of usage (loaded volume) On average, about 60% of the lorries that travel via the ports are fully loaded. A larger share of the lorries is fully loaded in the direction to Sweden than from Sweden, 65% compared to 50%. 60% Ports Öresund Bridge 25% 20% 15% Vehicles Drivers 40% 20% 10% 5% 0% Germany Denmark Poland Sweden Netherlands Czech Lithuania Hungary Austria Slovakia Republic Countries of vehicle registration and drivers nationalities for goods transports via the ports. 0% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Degree of usage for goods transports via the ports and the Öresund Bridge. Only 38% of the lorries travelling on the Öresund Bridge are fully loaded. This is probably due to the fact that the lorry transports across the Öresund Bridge
VIII often comprise shorter trips between Denmark and Sweden in which the transport in one direction is an empty run. The lorries that go on the ferries travel longer distances and it is therefore more likely that an effort is made to carry goods in both directions. Types of goods For the total number of lorry transports via the ports and the Öresund Bridge, the main types of goods are other manufactured/miscellaneous products (20%), foodstuffs and animal fodder (%), metal products (%), paper pulp and paper products (12%) and wood products (10%). Transports carrying unknown types of goods comprise 18% of all transports in the year 2005. In 6% of the transports on average the lorries are empty. The lorry drivers had the possibility to state 1-2 types of goods, which is the reason why the total sum exceeds 100% in the figure below. More than 60% of the lorry drivers using the Öresund Bridge state that they do not know the type of goods loaded in the lorry. The corresponding percentage for the lorries that travel via the ports in Skåne and Blekinge is 10%. Other manufactured/ miscellaneous products Unknown goods Foodstuffs and animal fodder Metal products Paper pulp and paper products Wood products Empty lorry Agricultural products and live animals Minerals and building materials Chemicals Round timber Ores and metal waste Petroleum products Solid mineral fuels and crude oil Ports Öresund Bridge 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Types of goods for transports via the ports and the Öresund Bridge (% of transports). Dangerous goods About 4% of the goods transported by lorry to and from the ports in Skåne and Blekinge consist of dangerous goods. The percentage of dangerous goods is higher for transports made from Sweden than for those made to Sweden, about 6-7% and 2-3%, respectively. About 2% of the lorries that use the Öresund Bridge carry dangerous goods. 20,000 15,0 0 0 10,0 0 0 5,000 0 ADR 1 Explosive subst. ADR 2 Gases ADR 3 Flammable liquids ADR 4 Flammable solids Öresund Bridge Ports ADR 5 Oxidizing substances ADR 6 Toxic substances ADR 7 Radioactive material ADR 8 Co rrosive substances Types of dangerous goods transported via the ports and the Öresund Bridge (number of transports). Cabotage Upon exiting Sweden, drivers of foreignregistered vehicles were asked if they had made a cabotage transport in Sweden, i.e. a separate transport with starting point and destination within Sweden. Roughly 15% of the lorry drivers stated that they had done so. This corresponds to more than 100,000 lorry transports per year. Lorries from four countries account for 75% of the cabotage in Sweden. These countries are Germany (25%), Poland (20%), Denmark (1%) and the Netherlands (%). 30% 20% 10% 0% Germany Poland Denmark Netherlands ADR M iscellaneo us Czech Lithuania Hungary Latvia Slovakia Republic Distribution of cabotage transports among the registration countries of the vehicles. Since it is illegal for certain countries to undertake cabotage in Sweden, it is possible that the true percentage of cabotage is higher than what this study has shown.
Swedish Road Administration Skåne Region Box 543, SE- 25 Kristianstad, Sweden Visiting address: Björkhemsvägen 17 www.vv.se. vagverket.kri@vv.se Telephone: +46 771. Telefax: +46 44 1 51 5 Text telephone: +46 3 750 0