Sesta lezione In vacanza On vacation Dialogo



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Sesta lezione In vacanza On vacation A. Expression of time B. The present perfect tense using the auxiliary <to have> C. The present perfect tense using the auxiliary <to be> Un po' di vocabolario ed espressioni Dialogo Marco: Susan: Marco: Susan: Marco: Susan: Sei mai stata in Italia? Si, sono andata l'anno scorso. Dove sei stata? Sono stata a Roma, Firenze, Napoli e Venezia. Che cosa hai visto a Roma? Ho visto il Colosseo, Piazza di Spagna e la Fontana di Trevi. Marco: Dove hai dormito? Susan: Ho dormito in una piccola pensione in centro. 1

Vocabolario affittare una casa to rent a house un albergo hotel andare... to go... una pensione inn in campagna to the country economico inexpensive all'estero abroad una camera room al mare to the seashore singola single in montagna to the mountains doppia double in vacanza, in ferie on vacation matrimoniale double-bed fare una crociera to go on a cruise con bagno with bath noleggiare una macchina, to rent a car con doccia with shower una barca a boat con televisore with tv pagare to pay un ostello hostel in contanti cash un campeggio camping con un assegno with a check un agriturismo con una carta di credito with a credit card prenotare una camera to reserve a room A. Expression of time / Espressioni di tempo The following time expressions are used to talk about an action or condition in the past. IERI ieri yesterday ieri mattina yesterday morning ieri pomeriggio yesterday afternoon ieri sera yesterday evening l'altro ieri the day before yesterday FA un ora fa an hour ago due giorni fa two days ago tre settimane fa three weeks ago cinque mesi fa five months ago un anno fa a year ago poco tempo fa a little while ago molto tempo fa a long time ago SCORSO/A sabato scorso last Saturday la settimana scorsa last week il mese scorso last month l'anno scorso last year 2

B. The present perfect tense using the auxiliary <to have>/ Il passato prossimo con <avere> 1. In Italian, to talk about actions that were carried out in the past, you use the past tense called the passato prossimo. This tense is made up of two parts: a helping verb, which agrees with the subject, and a past participle. For most Italian verbs, the helping verb is avere. The verbs requiring avere are usually transitive; that is, they take a direct object that answers the question <what?> or <whom?>. 3. The key to use the passato prossimo is learning the past participles. The past participle (participio passato) of regular verbs is formed by adding -ato, -ito, and -uto to the infinitive stems of -are, -ire, and -ere verbs, respectively. Verb Group Ending Infinitive/ Past Participle -are -ato lavorare/lavorato -ire -ito finire/finito -ere -uto vendere/venduto Attenzione! The past participle of -ere verbs is generally irregular and must be memorized. Example: prendere (to take) preso (took) vedere (to see) visto (seen) lavorare (to work) Singolare Infinitive stem: lavor- Plurale io ho lavorato I (have) worked tu hai lavorato you (have) worked Lei ha lavorato you (formal) (have) worked lui/lei ha lavorato he,she (has) worked noi abbiamo lavorato we (have) worked voi avete lavorato you (have) worked Loro hanno lavorato you (form.) (have) worked loro hanno lavorato they (have) worked 3

Cristina ha comprato un appartamento. Cristina bought an apartment. Paolo e Carla hanno comprato una nuova casa. Paolo and Carla bought a new house. 5. To form the negative of the passato prossimo, insert non before the helping verb. Non ho mangiato gli spaghetti. I didn't eat spaghetti. 6. The passato prossimo has several English equivalents. ho mangiato I have eaten. (present perfect) I ate. (simple past) I did eat. 7. The expressions of time (ieri, la settimana scorsa, un mese fa...) usually precede the auxiliary (helping verb) while adverbs such as sempre, spesso and mai are inserted between the auxiliary and the past participle. Ho sempre abitato a Seattle. I always lived in Seattle. Irregular Past Participles using <avere> Infinitive Past Participle bere to drink chiedere to ask rispondere to answer vedere to see mettere to put perdere to lose prendere to take spendere to spend dire to say, to tell fare to do, to make leggere to read scrivere to write bevuto drunk chiesto asked risposto answered visto seen messo put perso lost preso taken speso spent detto said, told fatto did, made letto read scritto written 4

C. The present perfect tense using the auxiliary <to be> / Il passato prossimo con <essere> 1. To talk about past events, you have already learned to use the passato prossimo with the auxiliary verb avere. In addition, some verbs use essere as their auxiliary verb in the passato prossimo. The past participle of many of these verbs are formed in the regular manner (-are becomes -ato, -ire becomes -ito, - ere becomes -uto) however the past participle of these verbs agrees in gender (masculine and feminine) and in number (singular or plural) with the subject of the verb. Ieri Paolo e` andato e Cristina e` andata a teatro. Yesterday Paolo went to the movies and Cristina went to the teathre. Ieri Anna e Carla sono andate al cinema. Yesterday Anna and Carla went to the movies. Ieri Marco e Matteo sono andati a teatro. Yesterday Marco and Matteo went to the theatre. 2. Here is the passato prossimo of andare: andare (to go) Infinitive stem: and- Singolare Plurale io sono andato/a I went - noi siamo andati/e we went - tu sei andato/a you went - voi siete andati/e you went - Lei e` andato/a you (formal) went - Loro sono andati/e you (form.) went - lui/lei e` andato/a he, she, it went - loro sono andati/e they went - has gone 3. Verbs conjugated with essere are intransitive; that is, they do not take a direct object. 5

4. The most common verbs that form the passato prossimo with essere are: Infinitive Past Participle arrivare to arrive arrivato arrived costare to cost costato costed entrare to enter entrato entered ritornare to return ritornato returned morire to die morto* died partire to leave partito left uscire to go out uscito gone out venire to come venuto* come nascere to be born nato* born succedere to happen successo* happened essere / stare to be stato* been *irregolari 5. The past participle of piacere is piaciuto. Piacere is conjugated with essere as auxiliary. * A. To say that you liked doing something use: indirect object pronoun+ essere+ piaciuto + infinitive. Mi e` piaciuto imparare un po' d'italiano. I liked learning some Italian. * B. To say that you liked something or someone use: mi e` piaciuto + singular masculine noun Mi e` piaciuto il libro. I liked the book. mi e` piaciuta + singular feminine noun Mi e` piaciuto la musica. I liked the music. mi sono piaciuti + plural masculine noun Mi sono piaciuti i miei compagni di classe. I like my classmates. mi sono piaciute + plural feminine noun Mi sono piaciute le conversazioni che abbiamo avuto. I liked the conversations that we had. 6

C. Here is the complete conjugation of piacere in the past together with the indirect object pronouns to me, to you, to him, to her... piacere (to like, to be pleasing) Past participle: piaciuto/a/i/e Singolare mi e` piaciuto/ a I liked ti e` piaciuto/a you liked Le e` piaciuto/a you (formal) liked gli/ le e` piaciuto/a he, she, it liked Plurale ci e` piaciuto/ a we liked vi e` piaciuto/ a you (plural) liked gli e` piaciuto/ a they liked Ci e` piaciuto parlare italiano in classe! We liked speaking Italian in class! ( Speaking Italian in class was pleasing to us!) Un po' di vocabolario ed espressioni La famiglia il padre (il papa`, il babbo) father (dad) il marito husband la madre (la mamma) mother (mom) la moglie wife il figlio son il fratello brother la figlia daughter la sorella sister lo zio uncle la zia aunt il cugino cousin (m.) la cugina cousin (f.) il nonno grandfather la nonna grandmother il nipote nephew/ grand-son la nipote niece / grand-daughter il suocero father-in-law 7

la suocera mother-in-law il genero son-in-law la nuora daughter-in-law il cognato brother-in-law la cognata sister-in-law il patrigno stepfather la matrigna stepmather il fratellastro stepbrother la sorellastra stepsister il matrimonio wedding lo sposo groom la sposa bride la coppia couple i genitori parents i parenti relatives divorziato divorced separato separeted celibe (m) unmarried, single nubile (f) unmarried, single single single lo scapolo bachelor il vedovo widower la vedova widow 8

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