UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID PRUEBA DE ACCESO A ESTUDIOS UNIVERSITARIOS (LOGSE) Curso 2008-2009 (Modelo) MATERIA: INGLÉS INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y VALORACIÓN l. Lea todo el texto cuidadosamente. 2. Lea atentamente todas las preguntas de la prueba. 3. Proceda a responder en lengua inglesa a las preguntas en el papel de examen. TIEMPO: 1 hora y 30 minutos. CALIFICACIÓN: La puntuación máxima de la prueba es de 10 puntos. Do you sleep enough? A good night s sleep LS becoming ever more elusive for the average American and it's a problem that plagues us at all ages, from infancy to adulthood. Now three new articles in the journal Sleep tackle the question of sleeplessness: two studies illuminate the reasons why teens and adults don't sleep enough. With teens, a major culprit is eellphone use; with adults, it's work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children reveals that sleep deprivation in early life may lead to future behavioural and cognitive problems. The study in children was conducted al the Sleep Disorders Center in Montreal, where researchers analyzed the sleep patterns of 1500 children aged 2.5 to 6 years. The youngsters' mothers were asked to record the amount of time the children slept each night and fill out questionnaires about their child s hyperactivity, inattention and daytime sleepiness. Half of the kids slept 10 hours a night on average -the recommended amount for preschool-aged children while 6% slumbered for less than 10 hours each nigh... Those short-sleeping children, says Dr. Montplaisir, performed poorly on tests vocabulary and mental development tests at age 5, compared with the more rested group. Not surprisingly, the short-sleepers were also more likely to score higher on tests of hyperactivity at age six, which shows the importance of consistent sleep for concentration and attention. The study, then, suggests that early childhood -before about 3.5 years of age- is a critical period during which parents should establish proper sleeping patterns, because luck of sleep during that stage can negative1y affect behaviour and development later in life.
QUESTIONS 1. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. a) Most Americans find it easy to rest well at night. FALSE: A good night s sleep LS becoming ever more elusive for the average American and it's a problem that plagues us at all ages, from infancy to adulthood b) Researchers did not require any help from families to carry out the study on the effects of sleep in children. FALSE: The youngsters' mothers were asked to record the amount of time the children slept each night and fill out questionnaires about their child s hyperactivity, inattention and daytime sleepiness. 2. In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text. a) Why is the journal Sleep mentioned in the text? It is mentioned because it is the on which published three articles about the problem of sleeplessness both in children and in adult people. b) Give two differences found in the study between children who slept enough and those who did not. Short-sleeping children show poorer results in mental and language tests than those ones who sleep the recommended hours a day, and they are also more likely to suffer hyperactivity. 3. Find the words in the text that mean: a) dea1 with (paragraph 1) tackle b) insomnia (paragraph 1) sleeplessness c) quantity (paragraph 2) amount d) crucial (paragraph 3) critical e) (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto) 4. Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given. a) Last year 2,500 children where asked how a they were woken up b night by incoming text messages on their mobile phone. b) Adolescents c get a good night s sleep do better in school d those who don t get enough. c) It seems that children and teenagers under the age of 18 are more vulnerable to radiation coming e mobile phones because f immune systems are not strong.
d) Last month I g (spend) to much talking on my mobile phone, but I usually spend h average of 20 each month. Solución a: often: Los compuestos de how son bastante frecuentes en las preguntas en inglés, en este caso, la pregunta se refiere a la frecuencia, con lo que la forma es how often. b: at: Se usa la preposición at para el tiempo referente a la noche, nunca para la tarde o la mañana. c: who: Pronombre relativo para persona, defining clause. d: than: Segunda parte de la comparativa de superioridad. e: from: Preposición que indica procedencia. f: their: Determinante posesivo de tercera persona de plural. g: spent: Past simple; usamos este tiempo porque es una acción pasada terminada sin relación aparente con el presente. h: an: Artículo indeterminado, observa que es necesario añadir una n porque el sustantivo al que acompaña empieza por vocal distinta de u-. 5. Write about 100 to 150 words on one of the following topics. a) Do entertainment gadgets, such as ipods and game consoles prevent young people from getting enough sleep? Discuss. b) What things keep you awake and why do they worry you?. (Puntuación máxima 3 puntos) Para este ejercicio es muy importante la organización del texto. Siempre respetando las tres partes fundamentales de introducción, cuerpo y conclusión final. Es importante buscar estructuras que nos sean conocidas para evitar cometer errores, sin caer en el simplismo. a) Do entertainment gadgets, such as ipods and game consoles prevent young people from getting enough sleep? Discuss. As an introduction, I would like to say that I don t usually sleep hours recommended by researchers, and that s because I waste some sleeping time doing things that I can t do during the day, such as playing videogames or enjoying my free time on the internet. From my point of view, children and teenagers have got a similar problem as mine. In fact, I think we could say that it s a general problem in our society. People doesn't have enough time to enjoy because jobs let us little time to do our personal things. This can be trespassed to children as they are most of time at school with other activities. What I mean is that we need more free time, and we ve not time for doing some things. If teenagers want to listen to music, they must do it at night, because they don't have time during the day for doing this or another activities, such as playing videogames, or even being on the internet. To sum up, for me it s clear that electronic devices such as IPods or mp3, videogames, computers, etc., are preventing young (or either not so young) people from getting recommended sleep, and this is caused by our little free time.
b) What things keep you awake and why do they worry you? First of all I would like to explain that I know I don t sleep the time that I should do, but sometimes, when you get used, it is not so terrible. On one hand, I have to say my life is quite complicated, because I work and study at the same time! So I ve got very little time for everything and, of course, for wasting my free time. As late as I arrive home in the evening, I have to do my homework, do the washing up, and many other things. Of course, I ve got also my own concerns and these affect my sleeping time. In addition, I should recognize that I like spending time playing videogames or chatting with instant messenger programs in the computer. I got used to sleep only five or six hours a day, and I know that s absolutely a mistake, although I sleep more on weekends. On the other hand, I enjoy my pace, so I don t think it can affect seriously to my life. As conclusion, I would like to say that I know I must sleep at least 8 hours a day (which is the advised time by the researchers), but as far as my concerns, it isn t so badly, because when one person gets used to his own pace, everything can be okay! Expresiones más frecuentes para realizar el texto: INTRODUCCIÓN - The purpose of this report - The aim of this report - This report looks at - First of all - As an introduction I would like to say - Firstly - To begin with CUERPO - One of the main advantages/disadvantages of - Secondly - From my point of view - In my opinion - I think/feel that - On the one hand on the other hand CONCLUSIÓN - In conclusion - To sum up - On balance - Last but not least PARA UNIR FRASES
- Although - However - In spite of (this) - Some people..while/whereas others VOCABULARIO RELACIONADO Waste: desperdiciar (tiempo). Concerns, worries: preocupaciones. To chat: conversar Messenger: mensajero (en el texto, programas de mensajería) Pace: ritmo (de vida) Sleeplessness: Insomnio Sleeping time: Tiempo de sueño Nightmare: Pesadilla Dream: Sueño (ensoñación)