Eagle Ford Shale Exploration Regional Geology meets Geophysical Technology Galen Treadgold Bruce Campbell Bill McLain
US Shale Plays
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing (P & S) Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Acquisition Challenges
Anisotropic Processing Offset VTI Layer Anisotropy HTI Azimuthal Anisotropy Azimuth Fast Fast Slow
Inversion
Surface Attributes
Frac Monitoring - Microseismic
Eagle Ford Shale South Texas
Eagle Ford High TOC 10-15 % Porosity Marl, 60-300 ft thick
Petroleum Fairways Mixed Oil Gas
Resource Shales Stratigraphy Modified from Goldhammer et. al. 1991
0 100 200 Type Sections Upper BUDA Lower Britton / Bouldin / Cloise Arcadia Park S. Bosque Mbr. Kamp Ranch Eagle Ford AUSTIN Upper 7762 Calc. Rich Thicker bedded Burrowed Lower 7896 Organic Rich Laminated
Impedance 8 wells AI Inversion Eagle Ford Buda
Shale Prospecting..what we re after Vp Vs Density Brittle/Ductile Quality LMR - MuR Lithology (rock type, clay content ) TOC Fluid Content Porosity Pore Pressure, Effective Stress Stress Field Orientation Fracture Density Bulk Modulus Poisson s Ratio Acoustic Impedance Elastic Impedance
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
$2,500 Cost Perspective Eagle Ford $1,500 Leasing 5% Drilling For 100,000 Acres (400 km2) Lease Costs: $200 M Drilling Costs: $3,000 M Seismic: $6 M $500 3D Seismic 50 fault $/Acre Processing
Offset gather with various mutes Final Stack Mute Pre-Stack Seismic Data Extracting Rock Property Information Typical Processing Mute 30 deg angular offset Missing Data
Acquisition needs to provide data out to 50 degrees or more. 50 degrees 30 degrees Global Geophysical Patron Grande 3D
1.0 x Depth Traditional Acquisition 90 Degrees 1.5 x Depth
1.25+ x Depth Full Azimuth Shooting 180 Degrees (Full Azimuth) 1.5 x Depth
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Need Full Azimuth, Far Offset Data Near Offset Far Offset Brittle/Ductile Quality LMR - MuR Lithology (rock type, clay content ) TOC Fluid Content Porosity Pore Pressure, Effective Stress Stress Field Orientation Fracture Density Bulk Modulus Poisson s Ratio Acoustic Impedance Elastic Impedance
Far Stack Impact Proper Migration Isotropic Anisotropic
Patron Grande Comparison of gathers Isotropic PSTM Original gathers Anisotropic PSTM
Conceptual Cross Section & Map View of Fractures Sets A B Fracture Swarm B A
Fracture/Stress Prediction From 3D Seismic Super Gathers VOT s Azimuthal Imaging
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Inversion Products Vp Density Vs AI SI Vp/Vs LMR MuR PR
High Low 4,500 Lateral Eagle Ford Impedance
Well targeting low impedance Eagle Ford Low
Eagle Ford Lambda Rho
Eagle Ford Mu Rho
Ductile Brittle Eagle Ford FracFactor TM
Limited Calibration GAMMA RAY 200 AIT 90 INCH NEUT. PORO. 0.2 2000 0.3 0 AIT 30 INCH DENS. PORO. TOC_CALC 0.2 2000 0.3 0 0 10 Rel Depth(ft) -275-250 -225-200 -175-150 -125-100 -75-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Surface Fracture Attribute
Fault Enhancement at base Eagle Ford Curvature - base Eagle Ford
Haynesville Shale
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Field Operations 3C Sonde Grid Installation
RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Program Location Map
1,040 Channels RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Radial Array
1,697 Channels RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Swath Array
RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Shallow Buried Grid Array 104 Channels (36+10 Vertical) (58 Horizontal)
54 Tiltmeter stations RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Tiltmeter Array
RESEARCH PROGRAM Grid InSight Compilation 2,389 Channels (2,331 Vertical) (58 Horizontal)
Seismic Emission Tomography Kirchhoff migration to image microseisms Ray Tracing Travel Times Before Moveout After Travel Time Moveout
Data Analysis Understanding signal and noise issues
Stacking Clamping Skeletonizing Semblance Processing Global Microseismic Services
Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition Anisotropic Processing Elastic and Acoustic Inversion Surface Attributes Frac Monitoring (Microseismic)
Integrated Geosciences & Engineering
Wish to thank Key Matador Resources Staff Steve Sinclair Bo Henk Anne L. McColloch Key Global Staff Jerry Henderson Mary Davis