Hydrocarbon reservoir modeling: comparison between theoretical and real petrophysical properties from the Namorado Field (Brazil) case study.

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Baldwin Fitzgerald
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petrophysical properties from the Namorado Field (Brazil) case

1 ANNUAL MEETING MASTER OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Hydrocarbon reservoir modeling: comparison between theoretical and real petrophysical properties from the Namorado Field (Brazil) case study. Marcos Deguti Hashimoto (74817) 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 1

2 Contextualizing Aug 14 Feb 14 Jan 14 Sep 13 CMRP - Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs Center Scientific Internship (5 months) Synthetic hydrocarbon reservoir modelization: a case-study of Namorado Field, located in Bacia de Campos, Brazil. CMRP - Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs Center Master Dissertation (6 months) Validate the internship synthetic reservoir results employing real data provided by ANP (Brazilian Oil and Gas Agency). 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 2

3 Why study synthetic reservoirs? Survey and Information Acquisiton are highcost operations due to: Displacement of equipment; Hostile environments; Limited footprint; Among others. Solutions have come-out to try to avoid and minimize operation s cost: Synthetic reservoirs have become a option to study and model hydrocarbons reservoir employing none or minimum amount of information. 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 3

environments; Limited footprint; Among others.

4 CMRP Internship Project Internship Goals Designing and modeling a synthetic reservoir selecting a real analogue reservoir according to the following characteristics: Sand channels contents; Anticline geometry; Real analogue reservoir chosen is Namorado Field located in Bacia de Campos, Brazil. Internship Stages Structural and facies model construction; Porosity simulation through DSS algorithm; Permeability/porosity co-simulation through Co- DSS algorithm; Density, compressional and shear velocity (Vp and Vs) calculation; Seismic attributes calculation; Synthetic seismic generation. Softwares employed: * DSS - Direct Sequential Simulation Petrel by Schlumberger and MATLAB. 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 4

Internship Stages Structural and facies model construction; Porosity simulation through DSS algorithm; Permeability/porosity co-simulation through Co- DSS algorithm; Density,

5 CMRP Internship Project Structural and Facies Model Anticline Geometry Siliciclastic channels (sand) [yellow] Shale formation [grey] cells (151 x 201 x 300) Porosity Model Hard data extracted from FONSECA (2005) dissertation. Porosity simulated though the DSS (Direct Sequential Simulation) 3775m x 5025m x 300m (25m x 25m x 1m) 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 5

300 cells (151 x 201 x 300) Porosity Model Hard data extracted from FONSECA (2005)

6 CMRP Internship Project Permeability Model Calculation with Kozeni-Carman (permeability-porosity) relationship: K = 1 72 Φ 3 1 Φ 2 τ d 2 Permeability simulated though the Co-DSS (Direct Sequential co-simulation with Joint Density Model Density model calculated with the following formula: ρ = Φ ρ fluid + (1 Φ) ρ matrix Gassmann Fluid Substitution algorithm applied to oil-saturated zones; Probability Distributions). 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 6

Density Model Density model calculated with the following formula: ρ = Φ ρ fluid + (1 Φ) ρ matrix Gassmann Fluid

7 CMRP Internship Project Compressional Velocity Model Sand Vp calculated with Dvorkin and Nur (1996), Constant Cement Model: Firstly 100% brine saturation, then Gassmann Fluid Substitution algorithm applied to oilsaturated zones; Shale Vp calculated with Oliveira (2004) empirical relationship: V p = 0,0582 φ 0,0145 V arg + 4,7634 (Km/s) Shear Velocity Model Sand Vs calculated with the following physical formula: V 2 s = G ρ Shale Vp calculated with Castagna (1985) empirical Vp/Vs relationship (mudrock line): Vs = 0,862 Vp 1,172 (Km/s) 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 7

relationship: V p = 0,0582 φ 0,0145 V arg + 4,7634 (Km/s) Shear Velocity Model Sand Vs calculated with the following physical formula: V 2 s = G

CMRP Internship Project Seismic Attributes 1/3 The calculated seismic calculated attributes are the following: Acoustic Impedance S-wave Impedance Elastic

8 CMRP Internship Project Seismic Attributes 1/3 The calculated seismic calculated attributes are the following: Acoustic Impedance S-wave Impedance Elastic Impedance (10, 20, 30 and 40 ) IA = ρ V p SI = ρ V s IE = V p 1+tan 2 θ V s 8 2 V s sen V 2 θ 1 4 p ρ V s V p 2 sen 2 θ 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 8

Elastic Impedance (10, 20, 30 and 40 ) IA = ρ V p SI = ρ V s IE = V p 1+tan 2

9 CMRP Internship Project Seismic Attributes 2/3 The calculated seismic calculated attributes are the following: Lame Coefficients µ and λ Poisson Coefficient μ = ρ V s 2 λ = ρ V p 2 2 μ ν = V p 2 2 V s 2 2 (V p 2 V s 2 ) 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 9

Coefficients µ and λ Poisson Coefficient μ = ρ V s 2 λ = ρ V p 2

10 CMRP Internship Project Seismic Attributes 3/3 The calculated seismic calculated attributes are: AVO Intercept vs Gradient B = 1 2 A = 1 2 V p + ρ ρ V p V p V p 2 V s V p 2 2 V s V s + ρ ρ Synthetic Seismic The synthetic seismic is generated by the convolution between the reflection coefficient and wavelet (0-40 ). The seismic wiggle was stacked in four ways: Full Stack... 0 to 40 Parcial Stack (Near)...0 to 20 Parcial Stack (Middle)...10 to 30 Parcial Stack (Far)...20 to 40 Full 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 10

between the reflection coefficient and wavelet (0-40 ). The seismic wiggle was stacked in four ways: Full Stack.

11 CMRP Internship/ Master Dissertation Moving forward The intership synthetic reservoir was concepted in a theoretical approach by using several related papers, thesis, books and handbooks. However, is this synthetic reservoir usable? Is it reliable? So, it is time to validade all previous work. Briefly, this Master Dissertation will evaluate the internship reservoir results comparing it to the reality. 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 11

However, is this synthetic reservoir usable? Is it reliable? So, it is time to validade all previous work.

12 Master Dissertation Project Objectives The main Master Dissertation objetives is to: Validate the internship reservoir results, comparing it step-by-step to a new realapproched synthetic reservoir. Modelization of a new synthetic reservoir with real approach; Data Set The dataset contains: Loggins data from six wells in Namorado Field NPHI, GR and RHOB; Each well (geologic) reports. Comparison of all its stages; The real data will be be required and provided by ANP. * The National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) is the regulatory body for activities that integrate the oil, natural gas and biofuels industry in Brazil. ANP is also a reference center for data and information on the oil & gas industry. 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 12

Modelization of a new synthetic reservoir with real approach; Data Set The dataset contains: Loggins data from six wells in Namorado Field NPHI, GR and RHOB; Each well (geologic) reports.

13 Master Dissertation Project Dissertation Roadmap Preparing ANP Input Data Modeling Finishing Dataset Request ANP sent the dataset First data processing Reservoir Modeling Reservoir comparisons Thesys writing Status Software Completed None Completed None Completed MS Excel In progress Petrel, MATLAB Standing-by Petrel Standing-by MS Word and MS Excel Technical Workflow Structural Model Facies Model Porosity Model Permeability Model Density and Velocity Seismic Attributes Status Software Completed Petrel Completed Petrel Completed DSS Completed MS Excel/ In Progress Petrel Standing-by MS Word Co-DSS Intership Model ANP Data Theoretical Relationship ANP Data Mathematical Formula 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 13

Workflow Structural Model Facies Model Porosity Model Permeability Model Density and Velocity Seismic Attributes Status Software Completed Petrel Completed Petrel Completed DSS

Partial Results 1/2 Structural Model Facies Model... Grid: 9.105.

14 Partial Results 1/2 Structural Model Facies Model... Grid: cells (151 x 201 x 300) (3775m x 5025m x 300m (25m x 25m x 1m) Bulk Volume X profile: Anticline Geometry Siliciclastic channels (sand) [yellow] Shale formation [grey] Bulk Volume Y profile: 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 14

15 Partial Results 2/2... Porosity Model Permeability Model... Sand: Shale: Sand: Shale: 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 15

16 Main Bibliography Avseth, P., Mukerji, T., and Mavko, G., 2005, Quantitative Seismic Interpretation: Applying Rock Physics Tools to Reduce Interpretation Risk, Cambridge University Press, UK; Barboza, E. G., Análise Estratigráfica do Campo de Namorado (Bacia de Campos) com Base na Interpretação Sísmica Tridimensional. Tese de D.Sc., UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 2005; Castro, S., Caers, J., and Mukerji, T., 2005, The Stanford VI reservoir : 18th Annual Report, Stanford Center for Reservoir Forecasting, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Fonseca, P.P., 2011, Métodos Geoestatísticos de Co-Estimativas: Aplicações aos Dados do Campo Escola de Namorado. São Paulo, Brasil; Horta, A. e Soares, A. (2010), Direct Sequential Co-simulation with Joint Probability Distributions; Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., and Dvorkin, J., 1998, The Rock physics handbook: Tools for seismic analysis in porous media: Cambridge Univ. Press; Oliveira, J.K., 2005, Efeitos da porosidade efetiva e da argilosidade nas velocidades de ondas p no Arenito Namorado. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Silva, E.P.A., Portugal, R.S., Vidal, A.C., Modelagem AVO - Estudo de caso em um poço no campo de Namorado Revista Brasileira de Geofísica. 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 16

, Análise Estratigráfica do Campo de Namorado (Bacia de Campos) com Base na Interpretação Sísmica Tridimensional. Tese de D.Sc., UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 2005; Castro, S., Caers, J., and Mukerji, T.

17 Contact Thank you for your attention! Marcos Deguti Hashimoto [email protected] [email protected] 28/May/2014 Instituto Superior Técnico 17

Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko. Basic Geophysical Concepts

Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko. Basic Geophysical Concepts Basic Geophysical Concepts 14 Body wave velocities have form: velocity= V P = V S = V E = K + (4 /3)µ ρ µ ρ E ρ = λ + µ ρ where ρ density K bulk modulus = 1/compressibility µ shear modulus λ Lamé's coefficient