3D Geomechanical Modeling In The Vaca Muerta Shale: A Predictive Tool For Horizontal Well Landing And Completion Strategy

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Rachel Pierce
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1 REGIONAL ASSOCIATION OF OIL, GAS & BIOFUELS SECTOR COMPANIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 3D Geomechanical Modeling In The Vaca Muerta Shale: A Predictive Tool For Horizontal Well Landing And Completion Strategy Damián E. Hryb YPF S.A. 86 th ARPEL Experts Level Meeting (RANE) Management of Reservoirs October 6-7, 2014 Buenos Aires, Argentina Outline Introduction Scope 1D vs 3D geomechanical models Workflow - 3D geomechanical model Applications Conclusions 2 1

2 Current Layer Cake Modelling Assumes direct propagation along seismic Single information source (reference well) Accounting for variations along lateral?? 3 Layer Cake vs Field Observed Poor Agreement! Layer Cake predicted Vs. Field observed Frac Gradient (Design Vs Observed) Young Modulus Poisson Ratio 4 2

? 3 Layer Cake vs Field Observed Poor Agreement! Layer Cake predicted Vs.

$Over-designed frac spacing? Max/Min = 1.05 Correct frac length?$ $Correct frac spacing? Max/Min = 1.10 Planar frac? Poor coverage?$

3 Why geomechanics matters? Max/Min = 1.02 Significant overlap? Over-designed frac spacing? Max/Min = 1.05 Correct frac length? Correct frac spacing? Max/Min = 1.10 Planar frac? Poor coverage? 5 Why geomechanics matters? From Fisher and Warpinski From Fisher and Warpinski 6 3

$Correct frac spacing? Max/Min = 1.10 Planar frac? Poor coverage?$

4 Scope Integrate information in a 3D manner Capture geomechanical property and stresses changes along lateral Capture the effect of faults on stress magnitudes and orientation Support horizontal well landing and completion design. 7 1D geomechanical model Mechanicalproperties Porepressure Shmin SHmax 8 4

magnitudes and orientation Support horizontal well landing and completion

5 1D geomechanical model Mechanicalproperties Porepressure Shmin SHmax Gravity 9 1D geomechanical model Mechanicalproperties Porepressure Shmin SHmax Gravity 10 5

6 1D geomechanical model Mechanicalproperties Porepressure Shmin SHmax 11 1D geomechanical model Mechanicalproperties Porepressure Shmin SHmax 12 6

7 3D Equilibrium Stress Model 13 3D Equilibrium Stress Model 14 7

8 3D Equilibrium Stress Model 15 3D Equilibrium Stress Model Faults 16 8

9 3D Equilibrium Stress Model Faults 17 3D Equilibrium Stress Model Soft faults Stiff faults σ H σ H σ H σ H 18 9

10 3D Equilibrated vs. 3D Static 19 Upscaling Stress EH Ev 20 10

11 Downscaling I III II 21 Project Data AvailableData o Density Logs o Sonic Logs o Lab Data o Stratigraphic model o Structural Model o Seismic cube attributes 22 11

3D Property Modeling Basic Workflow Data Preparation & QC Facies and Petrophysics Scale up well logs DT 3D Stratigraphic Model Statistical Analysis Density Log Calibration Petrophysical Model

12 3D Property Modeling Basic Workflow Data Preparation & QC Facies and Petrophysics Scale up well logs DT 3D Stratigraphic Model Statistical Analysis Density Log Calibration Petrophysical Model Deterministic & Stochastic 23 3D Equilibrium Stress Model Inputs: 3D distribution of mechanical properties, density and pore pressure Faults distribution and properties Regional tectonic strains Gravity Faults 24 12

Deterministic & Stochastic 23 3D Equilibrium Stress Model Inputs: 3D distribution of mechanical

13 3D Equilibrium Stress Calibration Well trajectory Mechanical properties Stresses o ISIP o Borehole breakouts 25 Application I - 3D GM A B Young difference between well A and well B is about 30% 26 13

breakouts 25 Application I - 3D GM A B Young

14 Application II - Fault effect on fracture growth 27 Application II - Fault effect on fracture growth 28 14

15 Application II - Fault effect on fracture growth A A B B 29 Wellbore Landing Analysis For each new trajectory, properties distribution and stress magnitudes can be analyzed

16 Conclusions Wellbore Centric Models only honor the available data in the wellbore connector zone. Near and Far wellbore behavior is not understanding with 1D GM. Property Modeling Validation is fundamental milestone for a correct 3D Geomechanics Equilibrated Model. 3D Geomechanics Equilibrated Model is a better approach in understanding the behavior of the near and far wellbore zones. The use of Finite Elements numerical model permits to quantify the impact of the distortion made by heterogeneities and discontinuities. 3D GM impact on wellbore landing and completion design is demonstrated. 31 THANK YOU!! 32 16

Property Modeling Validation is fundamental milestone for a correct 3D Geomechanics Equilibrated Model.

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The ever increasing importance of reservoir geomechanics

SPE special Interest Reservoir Group, Calgary March 26, 2014 The ever increasing importance of reservoir geomechanics Antonin (Tony) Settari TAURUS Reservoir Solutions Ltd., Calgary Professor Emeritus,