RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Transcription

1 RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLIED GRADUATE STUDIES at IFP School from September to December RGE01 Fundamentals of Geoscience I Introduction to Petroleum Geosciences, Sedimentology RGE02 Fundamentals of Geoscience II Seismics, Geochemistry and Petroleum Systems RGE03 Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering I Drilling, Petrophysics, Fluids and PVT studies RGE04 Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering II Fluid Flow in porous media, Original Oil in Place and Project Economics at IFP School from January to July RGE11 Production Mechanisms RGE12 Well Testing and Interpretation RGE13 Well Performance* RGE14 Reservoir Simulation RGE15 Advanced Reservoir Simulation* RGE16 Enhanced Oil Recovery* RGE21 Well Logging RGE22 Reservoir Characterization & Modelling RGE23 Complementary Courses* RGE24 Reservoir Geology* RGE25 Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Modelling* RGE26 Fractured Reservoirs* RGE27 Unconventional Hydrocarbons & CO 2 Management* * Optional teaching units

2 RGE01 FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOSCIENCE I : Introduction to Geosciences and Sedimentology At the end of the course, students will: understand how sedimentary basins form in different tectonic contexts, know the vocabulary of petroleum systems, be able to describe different depositional environments, be able to deduce from outcrops, samples or thin-sections' observations the depositional setting, be able to read a geological map and identify simple structures. Introduction to petroleum geosciences Mapping Clastics sedimentology (includes 3-day field courses to study modern sedimentology in the Baie du Mont St-Michel). Field courses in the Wessex basin, UK (sedimentological and structural features on outcrops combined with interpretation of wireline logs and seismic data) Carbonates sedimentology RGE02 FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOSCIENCE II : Seismics, Geochemistry and Petroleum Systems At the end of the course, students will: understand how sediments may be structured, in different tectonic contexts, know the vocabulary of structural geology, petroleum organic geochemistry and petroleum systems, be aware of the diversity of scales of geological structures, be able to describe the workflow of seismic acquisition and processing and to propose an interpretation of seismic lines, be able to deduce, from seismic interpretation or microtectonic measurements on outcrops, elements of the tectonic history of a sedimentary basin, be able to assess the hydrocarbon potential of different basin types, interpreting geochemistry and seismic data. Seismic acquisition, processing, interpretation and reservoir geophysics Field courses in Vercors Massif, France (structural geology and seismic observations, carbonate geometries at the seismic scale) Geochemistry (principles, tools and techniques, application to reservoir studies) Basin architecture and petroleum potential analysis 2

3 RGE03 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESERVOIR ENGINEERING I : Introduction to Drilling, Petrophysics, Fluids and PVT studies) At the end of the course, students will be able to: define the concepts used in reservoir characterization and in PVT analysis, explain different important parameters such as porosity, permeability (absolute, effective or relative), saturations, displacement mechanisms, wettability, characterize the behaviour of reservoir fluids at different pressures and temperatures, with equations of state and with phase diagrams, explain the physical significance of parameters such as Formation Volume Factor, Gas-Oil Ratio, viscosity, and their variations between reservoir and stock tank conditions, discuss the information that is gained from petrophysics, fluids and PVT studies, and be familiar with the petrophysics literatureand PVT lab reports, identify the basic equipment and practical aspects in laboratory measurements. Drilling (notions) Petrophysics (porosity, saturation, permeabilities, capillary pressure) Fluids and PVT (properties of reservoir fluids : water, gas, hydrocarbons) RGE04 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESERVOIR ENGINEERING II: Fluids in porous media, Original Oil in Place and Project Economics At the end of the course, students will be able to: define the concepts of fluid flow in porous media (in the case of mono-phasic & multi-phasic fluids) and the different flow regimes, generate the pressure distribution and evolution in a reservoir corresponding to different flow regimes, analyze the main equations which represent the physics and their corresponding resolution methods, evaluate the Oil In Place and to make the difference between Oil in place and Reserves, integrate the economical aspects in the project development of an Oilfield project. identify the different drilling concepts and basic equipment. Basics of reservoir engineering: description of fluid flow in porous media (monophase and multiphase), flow equations and application to reservoir simulation Original Oil in Place : definition and computation methods Project economics and uncertainties in projects 3

4 RGE11 PRODUCTION MECHANISMS At the end of the course, students will be able to: describe how rock and fluid properties impact on fluids displacement in a reservoir, Make estimate of recovery factor and production profile using the simplified Bucklett Leverett model (injection case), describe the principles of "material balance" and apply them using commercial softwares, describe the natural drainage production mechanisms; determine starting from field data those mechanisms and evaluate the associated recovery factor, describe secondary production mechanisms (water and gas injection), and their indicators, main characteristics of design and implementation; estimate the associated recovery factor, describe the enhanced oil recovery techniques and make a "screening" recommendation of an EOR method in a specific field environment, describe the main field monitoring techniques and issues, propose a field development scenario using standard field development methodology. Analysis of multi phase flow Characterization, design and implementation of main recovery mechanisms Practical methods to choose the appropriate recovery mechanisms RGE12 WELL TESTING AND INTERPRETATION At the end of the course, students will be able to: define and characterize concepts used in well-test analysis, explain the information extracted from well testing, discuss the technical well testing literature, argument the use and limitations of analytical interpretation models, describe the equipment and practical aspects of well testing. Principles of well testing, measurements, and analysis methods Wellbore conditions and effect of the reservoir heterogeneities Effect of reservoir boundaries Multiple Well Testing (overview) Practical aspects of Well testing interpretation In the RGE23 optional teaching unit a well testing interpretation project based on actual well test data is proposed to the students for a concrete application of the well testing interpretation techniques. 4

5 RGE13 WELL PERFORMANCE At the end of the course, students will be able to: Estimate the performance of a well to optimize it. Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) and Vertical Lift Performance (VLP) are calculated for different cases and introduced in a modal analysis for a global understanding of the production system. Design an artificial lift system for the optimization of the productivity if necessary. Different artificial lift methods are introduced and compared. Optimize the reservoir-well interface : well damage, sand control and water management are presented and remediation suggested, as acidizing, reperforation and fracturing jobs. Moreover the students are able to apply these items in a practical case by using the PROSPER software. Perforations and sand control Formation damage Well stimulation Performance of productive formation Fluid flows in pipes Flowing well performance Artificial lift systems RGE14 RESERVOIR SIMULATION At the end of the course, students will: understand the theoretical bases of a reservoir simulator, know the practical aspects of a reservoir simulation study and understand how a simulator initializes and executes: data to be input, history match, predictive runs, conduct a simple simulation study with a black oil model using a commercial software: to comprehend a black oil file structure, to execute a simulation model, improve the understanding of reservoir mechanics and appraising input data, be aware of the actual trend of simulation techniques. Description of reservoir simulation process Flow equations, assumptions Data input: grid definition, petrophysics, initial state, PVT, SCAL, production data Aquifer's modelling Well's representation Numericable biases Practice of reservoir simulation using a black oil model 5

6 RGE15 ADVANCED RESERVOIR SIMULATION At the end of the course, students will understand the following items and be able to make simple application with industry software: advanced topics in Well representation, Kr / PC Hysteresis and 3- phase Kr upscaling from geological to reservoir model: understand the impact of coarsening a geological model for reservoir simulation purposes through formal lectures and practice with industry available software uncertainties in Reservoir Engineering: acquire knowledge on the management of uncertainties (in particular its use in automatic history matching) and practice with industry available software history Matching: review a complete Field Case and acquire knowledge on computer assisted history matching compositional modelling: understand how a compositional model works and how EOS parameters are generated and validated from available PVT data - practice with an industry compositional simulator during the final project. Formal lectures on advanced reservoir simulation topics Upgridding, upscaling and pseudoization Uncertainty quantification in reservoir engineering Detailed history match field case presentation (onshore field) PVT, equation of state and compositional modelling RGE16 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY The objectives of the courses are to: learn the fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery (basic concepts, main methods), review field cases where the different methods are applied, during the project performed at the end of the course, investigate EOR Miscible Gas Injection (MGI) in a North Sea field following natural depletion and waterflooding. Different hydrocarbon gases as well as CO 2 will be considered for injection in miscible conditions. Introduction and General Information Chemical Methods Thermal Methods Gas Injection Methods Field cases 6

7 RGE21 WELL LOGGING The objective of this course is to provide students with the fundamental basics for the conventional geological and petrophysical log interpretation. Numerous hand exercises help the students to assimilate these concepts. At the end of the course students will be able to: perform a rapid petrophysical interpretation of a set of conventional logs ("Overlay Quick Look" method), determine the reservoirs and the presence of hydrocarbons, estimate the porosity and the water saturation of the formations, with the lithology and the type of hydrocarbons, choose the parameters for a quantitative log interpretation, and give a critical analysis of the results obtained, interpret the data from pressure measurements. Well data acquisition and fundamentals Review of log measurements and their uses Basics of log interpretation "Quick Look" interpretation by overlay method Quantitative log interpretation in complex formations Geological and geophysical applications for the reservoir RGE22 RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING The aim of this teaching unit is to give students a good understanding of the reservoir characterization and geological modelling (with integration of the various geological, geophysical and production data), and of their impact on the flow simulation and on the hydrocarbon volumetric evaluation. At the end of this teaching unit, students will be able to: make a critical analysis of data and integrate them as well as possible into the various stages of the reservoir characterization process, implement an integrated methodology of reservoir characterization and modelling, up to the volumetric evaluation of oil and gas in place, integrating the data uncertainty analysis. General introduction to reservoir modelling workflow Data integration & Reservoir characterization for the Geological model Geostatistics and geological modelling Building of a deterministic model Uncertainties studies Reservoir Simulation Demo and Exercises on Alwyn data using industrial software 7

8 RGE23 COMPLEMENTARY COURSES - Well performance, Well testing, Well logging The objective of this course is to give students, who don t follow the Well Performance teaching unit, an overview of the well performance, and to complete their knowledge in Well Testing and Well Logging by a practical case study based on real well data, while using industrial software for their interpretation. At the end of the course students will be able to: describe the reservoir-well interface and the behaviour of the effluent in the well, and analyse the performance of a well, design and interpret well-tests with current industry software (e.i. Saphir, Pie) interpret wireline pressure measurement data (and fluid analysis associated), and production log data perform a quantitative petrophysical log interpretation (in complex shaly formations) with industry software and give a critical analysis of the results obtained. Well Performance fundamentals Well Testing : application of the well test interpretation techniques to a case study Well Logging o o Quantitative log interpretation in complex formations Non conventional logging: overview (Wireline pressure measurement, Production logging, Borehole Imaging logging) RGE24 RESERVOIR GEOLOGY The objective of this course is to provide students with a detailed knowledge of the techniques used in the geological characterization of clastic and carbonate reservoirs. At the end of this teaching unit, students will be able to : recognize the main characteristics (sedimentology and reservoir architecture) of the various clastic and carbonate environments, characterize and classify the reservoir heterogeneities (structural, sedimentary, mineralogical...) using different tools (cores, logs, plugs, dynamic data, seismics), identify different types of porous networks, understand the effects of diagenetic events on reservoir petrophysical properties, implement correlation techniques based on the concepts of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, integrate different types of data to understand the field behaviour. Overview on clastic and carbonate reservoirs Basis of sequence stratigraphy concepts Field trip to the Spanish Pyrenees outcrops: from the depositional environments to the reservoir potential Practical application on a field case Diagenesis of carbonate reservoirs Industry cases 8

9 RGE25 ADVANCED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING The aim of this module is to run through the workflow of reservoir modelling, integrating the geological data, seismic data and dynamic data. The emphasis will be given on application on real case studies. After practical workshops, students are able to: evaluate the benefits of the seismic data integration, participate in geological modelling studies in integrated working teams, propose a field development project while using reservoir flow simulation. Geostatistics and uncertainties in geological reservoir modelling Personal work based on a reservoir case study is proposed to provide insight into the integration of data and techniques To conduct these integrated studies, which combine log and seismic data interpretation in order to build a static geological model and continue with the reservoir simulation, we use software (Geolog6, Petrel, Eclipse...) routinely used in industry. RGE26 FRACTURED RESERVOIRS At the end of the course, students will: have a general understanding on both natural and induced fractures, be able to recognize fractures with different tools, be able to characterize these fractures (geometry and petrophysics), know the different types of fractured reservoirs, be able to build geological models for fractured reservoirs and simulate fluid flow in such reservoirs. Fractures and folds Seismic and well log applications in fractured reservoirs Field trip to Poitiers (fracture measurements, introduction to karstic reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing - implementation on the field) Training on a fractured reservoir software Hydraulic characterization and modelling Numerical simulation 9

10 RGE27 UNCONVENTIONAL HYDROCARBONS AND CO 2 MANAGEMENT The main objective of the course is to prepare future engineers on current company challenges dealing with production of unconventional hydrocarbons to satisfy energy needs while taking into account climate change constraints by managing CO 2 associated with oil and gas production. The first week of this teaching unit is common with RGE26, which deals with fractured reservoirs. At the end of the course, students will: be able to deal with specificities of unconventional oil & gas fields, associated technical production challenges and monitoring techniques to monitor and improve production, be informed on produced CO 2 management and storage objectives to fight against climate change effects associated with green house gas emission. Introduction on energy needs: the oil & gas answer Specificities of unconventional hydrocarbon petroleum system Unconventional oil: heavy oils, oil sands, bitumen, oil shales Unconventional gas and their production: tight gas reservoirs, shale gas, gas hydrates, coal bed methane CO 2 management (regulation and economic aspects, storage options, monitoring, simulation of injection) 10