Near-infrared spectroscopy on plot harvesters Peter Tillmann, DLU Kassel Christian Paul, L Braunschweig
Back ground Field trials with high demand for information regarding composition NIRS applications on fresh products (grass silages, meat, whole meals) Integrating NIRS into the harvest process (NIRS onboard)
Field trials grass, forage trials forage maize trials grains and rapseed trials forage harvester chopper plot combine harvester
The beginning forage harvesters: Rode and Paul, L (1998-99 first field test 1999) Kormann, TU München (2001) maize choppers: Femenias, Limagrain and Dardenne, CRAGX (1998) Welle, Pioneer (1998) plot combines: Femenias, Dardenne, Welle (1998) Reyns, KU Leiden (2003) Rademacher, Uni Kiel (2003)
HALDRUP grass harvester Paul, Pfitzner, Kaiser, L
black reference white reference material rubber band Paul, Pfitzner, Kaiser, L
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DM % - drying oven 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Moisture in grass SEP : 1,23 Bias : 0,03 SEP(C) : 1,23 slope : 1,01 r ² : 0,92 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 DM % - NIRS Paul, Pfitzner, Kaiser, L
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between plot
Technological constrains masses harvested in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cut low DM content in especially clover
Present developments NOFUG: EUCARPIA working group founded Aug. 2007 New parameters: sugar content digestibility fibre content
Forage maize choppers Paul, Pfitzner, Kaiser, L
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Applications Parameter moisture N 3000 SEP 1,6 R 2 93% range 25-47 source Femenias moisture starch cellulase 281 281 281 1,2 2,2 2,0 96% 90% 39% 21-50 4-43 61-76 Welle 2003 sugar 281 1,7 88% 2-22
Technological constrains impact of length of cut on the spectra all NIRS onboard installations are homebrewed sampling problem: NIRS analyses 100% of the plot lab sample is 1/30 of the plot speed of material in the spout: 16 m / s
Present development Working group under the roof of DMK, Bonn Danish, French and German plant breeders
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Applications parameter moisture moisture moisture n 2117 1800 2260 SEP 0,55 0,65 1,05 R 2 99% 96% 92% range 17-44 25-40 20-40 source maize Welle 2005 maize Femenias maize Pfitzner mositure protein 1171 1956 0,54 0,41 98% 96% 10-29 7-18 small grains small grains
Present development Working group Danish and German plant breeders
Benefit of NIRS applications parameter REP 1% C.. LSD5 r REP1%: repeatability (1%) C% :coefficient of variation (s %) LSD5: least significant difference (5%) r (rep 1/2): correlation between 1. and 2. repeat DM drying oven 74,4 1,49 1,53 0,78 DM NIRS onboard 89,2 0,64 1,01 0,92
Commercial side plot harvesters with NIRS onboard and off the shelf: Baural, Haldrup, Wintersteiger NIRS components: Zeiss Corona,
Thank Working group at L Mrs. Kaiser, Mr. Pfitzner, plant breeders involved manufacturers of plot harvesters