Innovative E-Government Best Practices in Early Warning System for Disaster Risk Management: Bangladesh Experience Dilder Ahmed (Joint Secretary) Project Director ECRRP-D-1 Department of Disaster Management.
COUNTRY PROFILE Ranks globally among the most climate vulnerable nations Fifth rank in the world risk index 2012 DROUGHT - Affects about 8.3 million of land. FLASH FLOOD - Unpredictable, uncertain. FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damages infrastructures. SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading intrusion from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007). Projected displacement: 6-8 m by 2050 CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest and most destructive hazard. It has recurring events, lingering aftermath, complex recovery. AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC. BANGLADESH SHIFTED THE PARADIGM FROM RESPONSE/RELIEF-ORIENTED TO COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH AND RISK REDUCTION CULTURE SINCE MID 1980 S
WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE It is the use of a range of modern information and communication technologies such as internet, local area networks, mobiles etc by Governments to improve effectiveness, efficiency, service delivery to the citizen. 1
WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE E-governance is defined as the application of electronic means in The interaction between government and citizens and government and businesses, as well as in internal government operations to simplify and improve democratic, government and business aspects of Governance. The term interaction stands for the delivery of government products and services, exchange of information, communication, transactions and system integration. 2
E-Governance in Bangladesh Honorable Prime Minister herself has put great emphasis on identifying challenges in the implementation of nation-wide E-Governance and on initiating pilot projects in various sectors of the government. E Government in disaster management: (Government of Bangladesh is taking the advantage of E- Governance through the following issues): Interactive Voice Response (IVR) through mobile phone for early warning. Short Message Services (SMS) through mobile phone for early warning and preparedness. Cell Broadcasting Services (CBS) through mobile phone for early warning and preparedness. Web based on line damage and need assessment after any disaster Development of hazard and risk map through satellite and GIS Micro zonation map of the country Cyclone and flood shelter on line data base Volunteers on line data base 14
BUILDING A DIGITAL BANGLADESH Vision 2021 makes use of the Digital Bangladesh strategy to highlight the tremendous capacity of information and communication technology. The national ICT Policy 2009 has expressed its vision in terms of expansion of information and communication technology. Establishing a transparent, committed and accountable government, to ensuring the development of skilled manpower. Through the successful implementation of ICT policy vision and principles, it will be possible to build a Digital Bangladesh as promised by the government.
EARLY WARNING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM Hazards Cyclone, Storm, Drought, Cold and Hot wave Riverine Flood, Flash Flood Agro Forecasting Epidemic Advisory Dedicated institution according to the Government of Bangladesh Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (FFWC) Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) Director General of Health Services
Development of warning by Bangladesh Meteorological Department for Flood, Cyclone Rainfall, Temperature, Thunderstorm and drought is based upon Electronic System
Indian Meghalaya Hill, world s wettest region Annual Rainfall: 12,000 mm = 12 meters!!
Diagnostic charts Analyzing Processes/Tools Surface Synoptic Chart- every 3 hours or more frequent Upper air pilot chart- every 6 hours Upper air constant pressure chart- every 12 hours Pressure change chart- every 3 hours and more frequent
Model Products: Analyzing Processes/Tools Global Forecasting System (GFS) Model analysis from NOAA Limited Area Model (LAM) Products NWP output from different centres (ECMWF, JMA, IMD, NCMRWF, RIMES) Track product by running STP & STEEPER Models of BMD WRF Model, NHM Model Empirical and Numerical /Dynamical Storm Surge Models (IIT-D Model) MRI (JMA) Storm Surge and Wave Model
Radar Network of BMD
Agro Meteorological Probabilistic Forecast
Development of warning by Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (FFWC)
WATER is great opportunity for Bangladesh
and also threat to living condition and development
RIVERS OF BANGLADESH Brahmaputra/Jamuna Q max. =98,000m 3 /sec Q min. =4,000 m 3 /sec WL max. =20.37m WL min. =12.95m snow melt & rain fed river starts rising in March/April & usually attains a peak in June. Another peak in July/August Ganges Q maxm. =78,000 m 3 /sec Q minm. = 700 m 3 /sec WL max. =15.19m WL min. =7.44m snow melt & rain fed river starts rising in June/July and attains the annual flood peak in late August or early September India Meghna (Lower Meghna Q maxm. =180,000 m 3 /sec Q minm. = 4,000 m 3 /sec WL max. =7.33m WL min. =1.97m primarily a rain fed river 20
Types of Flooding Monsoon floods from the major rivers Overbank spills from major rivers and their distributaries cause the most extensive damages Flash floods in the eastern and northern areas Sharp rise followed by a rapid recession Floods due to storm surge in the coastal area Generated by cyclones cause floods in coastal zones Local floods due to high intensity rainfalls High rainfall of long duration
Flood (or water) Management Approaches Structural Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation projects Coastal embankment Dredging/de-siltation to increase conveyance Riverbank Protection Accelerated Land Reclamation Salinity protection Surface water retention (including rain water) Non-structural Flood and drought forecasting and Warning Erosion Prediction (planned) Hydrological data collection and survey Capacity development
Flood Forecasting & Warning Activities Data Collection Preparation Output Dissemination Data collection and feed to computer MANUAL Field Observation Water Level Rainfall Water Level from 85 stations 85x5=425 Rainfall 56 stations, daily basis FFWC Office Other Sources BMD Satellite image Web-site Indian data Analysis & Quality check Feed to computer Error check Model Run Result consistency check Flood Bulletin Preparation Rainfall Surface Map Flood Inundation Map Dissemination Through Hard copy E-mail Fax Phone Web-site SMS IVR-mobile Distributed to Policy makers Disaster managers (GO & NGO) Media Others 06:00 to 09:00 hrs 08:30 to 10:30 hrs 10:30 to 11:00 hrs 11:00 to 12:00 hrs 11:30 to --------
Warning dissemination
Forecaster How to Issue Warnings Charts Satellite Data RADAR Warnings NWP Products Other Information
Warning dissemination mechanisms
Warning Products for Cyclone
Dissemination Hard Copy Limited, policy makers and top officials e-mail over 600 address in the folder, in different groups, Ministries, BWDB, Disaster management agencies, NGO, Research Organ, Development partners, Media Fax Limited, policy makers and top officials Phone Continuous response Web-site www.ffwc.gov.bd SMS Very limited IVR Latest, started this month (July-2011), call 10941 Bangla Voice Message (1 minute), charge applicable
Curtsey: Md. Bazlur Rashid, BMD
Flood Forecasting & Warning Step by Step 2012 2009 Strengthening of FFWC with CDMP- II support Expansion of area coverage 54 points on 29 rivers 38 points on 21 rivers 3-days 5-days 1998 & 2007 two big FLOODS 1996 1992 Super Model Model based Flood Forecast 1987-88 two big FLOODS 30 points 16 points 1-day 2-days 1972 FFWC established Monitoring & few hours forecast 0 1 2 3 4 5 Lead time in days
EARLY WARNING DISSEMINATION AND USE OF ELECTRONICALLY AND DIGITAL SYSTEM
Community based signaling CDMP I
Mobile Technology Used in DRR Cell Broadcasting System DMIC Activity Cyclone Test-1 land fall Chittagong-Teknaf coast. DMCs in these area are instructed to send SoS within 24 hours and D form within 72 hours DIAL 10941 FROM MOBILE except citycel & Warid Searching Disaster Information 1 2 3 WEATHER SEA PORT FLOOD WARNING HF/VHF BMD FFWC 64 DISTRICTS AND 310 UPAZILLA 13 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES PRESS BUTTON Volunteers NGO INGO Community
Products/Services A Cell Broadcasting (CB) Piloting of early warning dissemination in flood prone Sirajganj and cyclone prone Cox s Bazar through Cell Broadcasting (CB) has been Successful. B IVR (Interactive Voice Response) Initiative have been taken to weather, flood forecasting and early warning for river port through IVR. The Service is available through all mobile subscribers. IVR Hot Line - 10941 C SMS SMS service to disseminate disaster early warning during and after disaster instruction will be circulated to officials of relevant disaster management.
Tools Used for mapping GIS Setup Software ArcGIS/ ENVI Databases Different layers including administrative boundaries, River, Sea, School, shelter etc. Administrative District Map Upazila/Union/ Natural (River) Hazard Map Flood, Cyclone, Salinity, Response Map
Community are in action after receive the early warning
Recommendation for the future by BMD 1. Procurement for Hi performance Computer (PC Cluster) with necessary software for Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model and factory training under processing. 2. Advance training on Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) for senior Meteorological Personnel 3. Develop Methodology and converting forecast products to understandable bi-lingual text. 4. Meteorological & Skill development training 5. Final Workshop 6. Publication 7. Final Report writing
Way forward Automation of Data Collection & Processing Increasing Lead Time (may be seasonal scale) Expansion of Flood Forecasting in the coastal zone of Bangladesh Dissemination improvement at community level Improvement of Flood Map Generation(updated DEM) Capacity development of FFWC (persons, skill and equipment) Cooperation, knowledge & skill sharing at REGIONAL level
Conclusion Our Flood forecasting computation based on the rivers with the boundary If this could be extended further, FF Lead time will increase, We may try for basin wise FF, which will certainly beneficial for the people, the agencies dealing with flood
THANKS ALL