Release of Nanosilver and its Behavior in Urban Wastewater
|
|
- Geraldine Gaines
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Release of Nanosilver and its Behavior in Urban Wastewater Michael Burkhardt HSR University of Applied Sciences Institute of Environmental and Process Engineering (UMTEC) Rapperswil, Switzerland Rome, 19 th September 2013
2 Structure 1. General Information 2. Emissions 1. Solid and liquid waste in textile industry 2. Discharge of wastewater of industrial laundry 3. Wastewater Treatment Plant 4. Conclusions 2
3 Nanosilver Regulation Silver (AgCl, Ag 0, etc.) including nanosilver used for antimicrobial control is regulated by EU Biocidal Product Regulation (98/8/EC) Paints Application areas (product types), e.g. Disinfection (drinking water, etc.) Material protection In-can preservatives (cosmetics, etc.) Polymers Not included: medical applications Microbial growth is controlled by free silver ions (Ag + ) Laundry 3
4 Characteristics of Nanosilver In science, 30% of all nano-projects dealing with nanosilver (Maynard 2006) Silver Ion Exchange Silver Salt Metallic Silver Silver Form Silver Zirconium Phosphate Silver Zeolithe Silver Glass Silver Polymer Microcomposite Silver Chloride Silver Chloride Metallic Microcomposite Silver Metallic Nanosilver Size (nm) Ion Ion Ion Ion Matrix Exchange Resin Alumo Silicate Phosphate Glass Polymer Titanium Dioxide, Zeolithe - Amorphous Silicate - Size (nm) >1000 >1000 >1000 >1000 > > Struktur Dosage Form granular granular liquid liquid granular liquid liquid, granular liquid * Burkhardt et al. (2011): Entsorgung nanosilberhaltiger Abfälle in der Textilindustrie - Massenflüsse und Behandlungsverfahren. Forschungsbericht, Rapperswil, Schweiz. 4
5 Use of Silver / Nanosilver in Europe (2009) In Europe <50 t/a particulate silver in use, <4 t/a Ag for textiles (90% AgCl) Silver Products Europe(t/a) Germany (t/a) Switzerland (t/a) Silver Salts Metallic Silver Metallic Nanosilver Metalli Silver-Microcomposite Silver Ion Exchange Total Silver In reality, most products do NOT contain nanosilver 5
6 Silver Pathways to Aquatic Systems Release (Emission) Façade Laundry Pathways Stormwater Rainwater Infiltration Separated Separate Sewer System Combined Combined Sewer System Receiving Waters Soil Diffuse Storm Water Combined Sewer Overflow Waste Water Waste Water & Storm Water Waste Water Treatment Plant Point Sludge (Incineration) Silver may enter receiving waters diffuse or by point sources 6
7 Structure 1. General Information 2. Emissions 1. Solid and liquid waste in textile industry 2. Discharge of wastewater of industrial laundry 3. Wastewater Treatment Plant 4. Conclusions 7
8 1. Silver Application in Textile Production* Fibre integration (10%) Silver Weg des Silbers Herstellung Silver Metall. Production Silber Faserherstellung Fibre Production Gewebeherstellung Fabrics Production Garnherstellung Yarn Production Textilveredlung Textiles Production Textil Consumer Endprodukt Product Fibre coating: washing or foulard-process (90%) Herstellung Silver Silberchlorid Production Weg Silver des Silbers Faserherstellung Fibre Production Gewebeherstellung Fabrics Production Garnherstellung Yarn Production Textilveredlung Textiles Coating Textil Consumer Endprodukt Product Amount and composition of waste depends on application * Burkhardt et al. (2011): Entsorgung nanosilberhaltiger Abfälle in der Textilindustrie - Massenflüsse und Behandlungsverfahren. BAFU, Bern. 8
9 Solid and Liquid Waste by Textile Application * 1. Silver production (in Europe) 1% silver as liquid (suspension) or solid (masterbatch) waste (in Europe <500 kg silver per year) Waste is disposed of to 30% in WWTP, 30% by incineration, 40% by recycling (<5 kg/a per site) High silver concentration (1-10%) 2.1 Application by fibre integration in Switzerland 4% silver as solid waste (40 g silver per year) Waste is disposed of to 80% by incineration and 20% by recycling Silver concentration <150 ppm (0.0125%) 2.2 Application by washing (laundry) in Switzerland 70% silver as liquid (wastewater, 20 kg/a) and solid (sludge, 0.7 kg/a) waste** Waste is disposed of to 85% in WWTP and 15% by incineration Silver concentration <10 ppm * Burkhardt et al. (2011): Entsorgung nanosilberhaltiger Abfälle in der Textilindustrie - Massenflüsse und Behandlungsverfahren. BAFU, Bern. ** In Switzerland application by washing has been stopped
10 2. Wastewater Discharge of Industrial Laundry Silver in wastewater discharged to municipal sewer system 800 Silver chloride additiv 600 Silver Silber (µg/l) :00 22:00 04:00 12:00 Time Zeit (h) (h) Silver emissions to WWTP significant (but stopped 2010) 10
11 Occurrence in Wastewater Relative Relative Silberkonzentration Silver Amount (%) (%) raw roh filterted filtriert (0.45 µm) ultrazentrifugiert centrifuged Sample Probe 11 Sample Probe 2 Sample preparation and TEM give insight to particles fate 11
12 Particulate Silver adsorbed to Cotton Fibres Sludge was disposed of in incineration plant 12
13 Silver-Transformation determined EXAFS: Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (Swiss Light Source, SLS) AgCl 34 5 Ag Ag 2 S thiol-ag Rapid transformation to silver sulfide 13
14 Structure 1. General Information 2. Emissions 1. Solid and liquid waste in textile industry 2. Discharge of wastewater of industrial laundry 3. Wastewater Treatment Plant 4. Conclusions 14
15 Fate in wastewater of WWTP Kloten/Opfikon for 60'000 inhabitant equivalent (IE) 15
16 Sampling in WWTP Secondary Treatment (Nitrification) Biology Tertiary Treatment (Sand filter) Influent Opfikon * Bar Screen Settling Tank Primary Treatment Secondary Clarifier Secondary Clarifier Biology Kloten Biology Secondary Clarifier + Digested Sludge Secondary Clarifier Biology Effluent * Discharge of silver from industrial laundry. Application stopped completely Receiving Water 16
17 Elimination of Silver in WWTP Daily composite samples of dry weather flow Sample In (μg Ag /L) Out (μg Ag /L) Elimination Opfikon Kloten Effluent Sludge (%) Similar elimination of CeO and TiO 2 published Excellent elimination 17
18 Elimination of Silver in Pilot WWTP (60 IE) Addition of metallic nanosilver (OECD NM-K 300) and silver chloride Sludge 93% Not Detected, 1% Effluent, 6% Transformation to silver sulfide Excellent elimination of silver confirmed 18
19 Structure 1. General Information 2. Emissions 1. Solid and liquid waste in textile industry 2. Discharge of wastewater of industrial laundry 3. Wastewater Treatment Plant 4. Conclusions 19
20 Conclusions Definition of nanosize typical for ENM discussions (size matters but who cares about size?) Silver amounts / concentrations release to the aquatic environment are small (e.g. from facades, laundry) Silver is disposed of mainly in incineration plant Rapid transformation of nanosilver to insoluble silver sulfide (no antimicrobial properties) under typical environmental conditions Nanosilver exists attached to larger biosolids and sludge corresponding with 95-99% elimination in WWTP (not present as single nanoparticles) No risk of concern for aquatic organisms Nanosilver is of scientific interest, but not of environmental concern and not of main industrial interest 20
21 What did we learn from these studies? Laboratory tests give limited insight to environmental exposure = Testing under artificial conditions (matrix, concentration) without matrix components is misleading Analytical methods for routine monitoring in waste and wastewater are lacking = Without chemical and morphological characterization results do not represent state of the art in ENM-research Main waste stream of ENM enter recycling and/or incineration plants and waste disposals ( end-of-life ) Ecotoxicology and environmental science need to collaborate (no glass house research with limited link to real world) 21
22 Acknowledgements Partner Ralf Kägi, Steffen Zuleeg, Jakob Eugster, Hansruedi Siegrist, Eawag Funding Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Berne, Switzerland Cantonal Office for Waste, Water, Energy and Air (AWEL), Zurich, Switzerland Literature Kägi et al. (2010): Release of Silver Nanoparticles from Outdoor Facades. Environmental Pollution, 158: Burkhardt et al. (2010): Verhalten von Nanosilber in Kläranlagen und dessen Einfluss auf die Nitrifikationsleistung in Belebtschlamm. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung (UWSF), 22: Kägi et al. (2011): Behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles in a pilot wastewater treatment plant. ES&T, 45: Burkhardt et al. (2011): Entsorgung nanosilberhaltiger Abfälle in der Textilindustrie - Massenflüsse und Behandlungsverfahren. Forschungsbericht, HSR Hochschule für Technik, Rapperswil, Schweiz. 22
23 Thank you for Attention! Michael Burkhardt HSR University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil Institute for Environmental and Process Engineering (UMTEC) Switzerland Contact: 23
Micropollutants in the aquatic environment: The Swiss strategy
Micropollutants in the aquatic environment: The Swiss strategy Adriano Joss, Hansruedi Siegrist (eawag), Michael Schärer, Christian Abegglen (Bafu, VSA) Hilversum, 21 November 2013 Overview The Swiss strategy
More informationIdentity, grouping and characterisation of silver based biocidal active substances including nano-silver
Identity, grouping and characterisation of silver based biocidal active substances including nano-silver Ulrike Frank Swedish Chemical Agency February 2012 Identity, grouping and characterisation of silver
More informationWASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
WASTEWATER TREATMENT OBJECTIVES The student will do the following: 1. Define wastewater and list components of wastewater. 2. Describe the function of a wastewater treatment plant. 3. Create a wastewater
More informationEnvironmental Science 101 Waste. Fall 2012. Lecture Outline: Terms You Should Know: Learning Objectives: Reading Assignment: Chlorinated.
Environmental Science 101 Waste Fall 2012 1 Lecture Outline: 17. SEWAGE DISPOSAL A. Sewage Handling B. Raw Sewage C. Wastewater Treatment Steps D. Individual Septic Systems E. Taking Stock Learning Objectives:
More informationThe City of Boulder 75 th Street Wastewater Treatment Facility
The City of Boulder 75 th Street Wastewater Treatment Facility Wastewater Collection and Treatment The Foundation of Public Health Wastewater Collection Boulder s wastewater collection system, also known
More informationFacility Classification Standards
Facility Classification Standards Approval Date: April 3, 2009 Effective Date: April 3, 2009 Approved By: Nancy Vanstone, Deputy Minister Version Control: Replaces Facility Classification Standards dated
More informationWISCONSIN WASTEWATER OPERATORS ASSOCIATION
Integrity. People. Knowledge. WISCONSIN WASTEWATER OPERATORS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE GREEN BAY Resources. MEETING LOW LEVEL PHOSPHORUS LIMITS BY CHEMICAL ADDITION WHAT IS PHOSPHORUS Atomic # 15 Electron
More informationPhosphorus Removal. Wastewater Treatment
Phosphorus Removal In Wastewater Treatment by Derek Shires (512) 940-2393 Derek.Shires@ett-inc.com Why do we care? Eutrophication of surface water - Especially reservoirs Maximum agronomic uptake - Limiting
More informationCollection and disposal of wastewater
10 Collection and disposal of wastewater 10.1 Characteristics and hazards of wastewater from health-care establishments Wastewater from health-care establishments is of a similar quality to urban wastewater,
More informationSYNERGISTIC APPLICATION OF ADVANCED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
SYNERGISTIC APPLICATION OF ADVANCED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS Published in Water and Waste Digest membrane issue, November 2008 Miroslav Colic; Chief Scientist, Clean Water Technology
More informationHUBER Vacuum Rotation Membrane VRM Bioreactor
HUBER Vacuum Rotation Membrane VRM Bioreactor VRM The rotating plate membrane for clean water applications. The future-oriented solution designed for the ever increasing requirements in wastewater treatment
More informationWho is responsible for making sure that wastewater is treated properly?
WASTEWATER TREATMENT What is wastewater? Wastewater is water that has been used and must be treated before it is released into another body of water, so that it does not cause further pollution of water
More informationSewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution
Sewerage Management System for Reduction of River Pollution Peter Hartwig Germany Content page: 1 Introduction 1 2 Total emissions 3 3 Discharge from the wastewater treatment plants 4 4 Discharge from
More informationEnvironmental aspects of water fluoridation
KEY POINTS Fluorides are very common in the environment. Reviews of the literature and environmental impact assessments have found no evidence of any adverse environmental effects resulting from water.
More informationDepartment of Environmental Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering Master of Engineering Program in Environmental Engineering (International Program) M.Eng. (Environmental Engineering) Plan A Option 1: (1) Major courses: minimum
More informationHow do storm water and wastewater networks function together with the wastewater treatment plant? Theo G. Schmitt, Kaiserslautern University (Germany)
Urban FG Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Water Management KfWInternational Conference on Efficient Use of Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal in Southeastern Europe and Turkey November 26-27, 2013
More informationRemoving Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater Engineering Research Center Report David M. Ayres Allen P. Davis Paul M. Gietka August 1994 1 2 Removing Heavy Metals From Wastewater Introduction This manual provides
More informationA NOVEL ION-EXCHANGE/ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AMMONIA IN WASTEWATER
A NOVEL ION-EXCHANGE/ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AMMONIA IN WASTEWATER ABSTRACT Leonard P. Seed, M.Sc., P.Eng., Enpar Technologies Inc. * Daren D. Yetman, A.Sc.T., Enpar Technologies
More informationPOTW PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL PROCESSES
POTW PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL PROCESSES Ohio Lake Erie Phosphorus Task Force - December 20, 2007 ROBERT M. BONNETT, PE Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District OUTLINE SOURCES AND FORMS IN WASTEWATER TYPICAL POTW
More informationCHAPTER 8 UPGRADING EXISTING TREATMENT FACILITIES
CHAPTER 8 UPGRADING EXISTING TREATMENT FACILITIES 8-1. General. Upgrading of wastewater treatment plants may be required to handle increased hydraulic and organic loadings to meet existing effluent quality
More informationCalifornia Wastewater
Abridged Edition L A Y P E R S O N S G U I D E T O California Wastewater Prepared by the Water Education Foundation Contents The Layperson s Guide to California Wastewater is prepared and distributed by
More informationAP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Read the Fremont Examiner article below and answer the questions that follow. (a) Identify ONE component of the sewage that is targeted for removal
More informationIMPACT OF CHEMICALS ADDITION IN WATER/WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON TDS CONCENTRATION AND SLUDGE GENERATION Jurek Patoczka, PhD, PE Hatch Mott MacDonald 27 Bleeker Str., Millburn, NJ 07041 (973) 912 2541 jurek.patoczka@hatchmott.com
More informationCambridge Wastewater Treatment Facility
Cambridge Wastewater Treatment Facility Emergency Situations If you have a water or sewer emergency that relates to the City s utility system call the Public Works office at 763-689-1800 on normal working
More informationThe Use of Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry as a Safe and Cost Effective Solution for H 2
The Use of Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry as a Safe and Cost Effective Solution for H 2 S Odor and Corrosion in Sanitary Sewer Systems Aileen Gibson Chris Knapp Steve Leykauf Wastewater Treatment History In
More informationAdvanced Treatment of Hazardous Wastes(1) Advanced Treatment of Hazardous Wastes(2) Advanced Environmental Chemistry. Design of Solid Waste Landfill
Course Description (전체 개설 교과목 개요) Advanced Treatment of Hazardous Wastes(1) This course is concerned with the management of hazardous materials and wastes in depth. We will deal with the physico-chemical
More informationCOD/BOD 5 Reduction with ROTAMAT Fine and Micro Screens
COD/BOD 5 Reduction with ROTAMAT Fine and Micro Screens Removal of particulate material from wastewater Eco-efficient use of capital Water pollution control through maximum COD/BOD 5 reduction Service
More informationCity of Charlottetown Wastewater Treatment Expansion & Upgrading
City of Charlottetown Wastewater Treatment Expansion & Upgrading Background As Canada s smallest provincial capital, the City of the Charlottetown has a population of approximately 34,000 residents and
More informationRoyal Caribbean International Advanced Wastewater Purification Systems
Royal Caribbean International Advanced Wastewater Purification Systems Royal Caribbean International is installing advanced wastewater purification (AWP) systems on all of its ships. These technologically
More informationSource Water Protection Practices Bulletin Managing Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Combined Sewer Overflows to Prevent Contamination of Drinking Water
United States Office of Water EPA 916-F-01-032 Environmental Protection (4606) July 2001 Agency Source Water Protection Practices Bulletin Managing Sanitary Sewer Overflows and Combined Sewer Overflows
More informationWilliam E. Dunn Water Reclamation Facility. Facility Overview & Information
William E. Dunn Water Reclamation Facility Facility Overview & Information General Area Served: Plant History Facility Highlights Northern Pinellas County St. Joseph Sound to East Lake Road (E/W) Tampa
More informationTown of New Castle Utility Department Introduction
Town of New Castle Utility Department Introduction Town of New Castle Utility Department Mission Statement Our commitment is to ensure that our customers receive high quality water and wastewater treatment
More informationMigrating Guelph Wastewater s Data Monitoring Program to a Web-Based Reporting System:
Migrating Guelph Wastewater s Data Monitoring Program to a Web-Based Reporting System: Turning Data Into Meaningful Information Standards Certification Education & Training Publishing Conferences & Exhibits
More informationWastewater Nutrient Removal
Wastewater Nutrient Removal An overview of phosphorus and nitrogen removal strategies Presented by: William E. Brown, P.E. Peter C. Atherton, P.E. Why are nutrients an issue in the environment? Stimulates
More information2006 Standard Application Processing Time. 10 months. 14 months
Air and Radiation Management Administration General Permit to Construct - without expanded public review Air Quality Permit to Construct - with expanded public review but limited public interest 11 months
More informationGRIT CHARACTERIZATION IN FLORIDA WASTEWATER PLANTS
GRIT CHARACTERIZATION IN FLORIDA WASTEWATER PLANTS INTRODUCTION Over the years Moss-Kelley, Inc. has pilot tested the Eutek TEACUP, and most recently the HEADCELL and SLURRYCUP to characterize grit entering
More informationlforrnation Requir C -INF lucture & OPER eraf - Drawing No. 5270-2910 - Drawing No. 5270-2911
C -INF eraf - lucture & OPER lforrnation Requir Outline Description of the Treatment Process at Kiicioon WWTP 8 Agglomeration - Drawing No. 5270-2910 Co n se nt o f c Fo op r i yr ns ig pe ht ct ow ion
More informationThe chemical components of detergents and their roles in the washing process
The chemical components of detergents and their roles in the washing process Laundry detergents are formulated from six groups of substances :. surfactants. builders. bleachingagents. enzymes. fillers.
More informationENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE RENDERING INDUSTRY. Gregory L. Sindt, P.E. Environmental Engineer Bolton and Menk, Inc.
Summary ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE RENDERING INDUSTRY Gregory L. Sindt, P.E. Environmental Engineer Bolton and Menk, Inc. The rendering industry has a significant positive impact on environmental quality.
More informationAnn Arbor Wastewater Treatment Plant Facilities Renovations Project September 2015
Ann Arbor Wastewater Treatment Plant Facilities Renovations Project September 2015 The Facilities Master Plan was completed in 2004 and identified the need for improvements to the City of Ann Arbor s Wastewater
More informationCharacterizing Beauty Salon Wastewater for the Purpose of Regulating Onsite Disposal Systems
Characterizing Beauty Salon Wastewater for the Purpose of Regulating Onsite Disposal Systems Fred Bowers 1,2, Ph.D. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Quality August 14,
More informationaquateam Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Centre A/S Report no: 02-051 Project no: O-02033 Project manager: Dr. Bjørn Rusten.
Feasibility study of biological wastewater treatment plants with Salsnes Filter fine mesh sieve primary treatment compared to plants without primary treatment Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Centre
More informationSt. John s Harbour Clean-Up Phase 2. Project Description
St. John s Harbour Clean-Up Phase 2 Project Description February 2003 NEWFOUNDLAND DESIGN ASSOCIATES LIMITED 1 Introduction The City of St. John s, the adjoining City of Mount Pearl and the Town of Paradise
More information1.2. Structure and contents of the waste water statistics
Statistics on Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Discharge in Germany By Birgit Hein Statistiches Bundesamt, Germany 1.1. Introduction The current ongoing German statistics on water and wastewater are
More informationMembrane Filtration Technology: Meeting Today s Water Treatment Challenges
Membrane Filtration Technology: Meeting Today s Water Treatment Challenges Growing global demand for clean water and increasing environmental concerns make membrane filtration the technology of choice
More informationI N C O R P O R A T E D
BIOSOLUTIONS I N C O R P O R A T E D WATER SOFTENERS & WASTEWATER FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL (818) 991-9997 http://www.biosolutions.org Water Softeners and Wastewater Treatment Systems Across North America,
More informationOccurrence and implication of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in
Occurrence and implication of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in tertiary wastewater effluents L. Liu 1, D. S. Smith 2, M. Bracken 3, J.B. Neethling 4, H.D. Stensel 5 and S. Murthy 6, A. Pramanik 7
More informationThis Questionnaire is divided into 8 sections referring to different capacity areas on the safe use of wastewater in agriculture:
Annex - II Questionnaire to support the Capacity Development Needs Assessment In the framework of the Capacity Development Project on Safe Use of Wastewater 1 in Agriculture Phase I The Food and Agriculture
More informationCOMPANY PROFILE. AES Company, Head Quarter
AES Profile & References List COMPANY PROFILE AES is founded at 2001 with the goal of to become worldwide company in development and production of filter press and related products. AES has been successfully
More informationEnvironmental Technology March/April 1998
Treating Metal Finishing Wastewater Sultan I. Amer, Ph.D. AQUACHEM INC. Environmental Technology March/April 1998 Wastewater from metal finishing industries contains high concentrations of contaminants
More informationSafety Data Sheet according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Printing date: 26.05.2008 Revision: 23.05.2008
Page - 1-1 Identification of substance * Product details Application of the substance / the preparation Flame retardant for textile application Manufacturer/Supplier: KBT Ltd 132 Saltley Road Saltley Birmingham
More informationPresented by Paul Krauth Utah DEQ. Salt Lake Countywide Watershed Symposium October 28-29, 2008
Basic Nutrient Removal from Water Beta Edition Presented by Paul Krauth Utah DEQ Salt Lake Countywide Watershed Symposium October 28-29, 2008 Presentation Outline Salt Lake County waters / 303(d) listings
More informationA Low Cost Chemical Remediation Technology for Heavy Metals in Shipyard Stormwater. SBIR Topic N06 133
A Low Cost Chemical Remediation Technology for Heavy Metals in Shipyard Stormwater SBIR Topic N06 133 1 Normal Ave, CSAM RI 121A Montclair, NJ 07043 973 655 7385 SIROM TECHNOLOGY SIROM has developed a
More informationALL YOU NEED TO KNOW...
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW... What do you know about your septic tank system? For the purposes of this booklet, a septic tank system refers to any kind of on-site sewage management system including traditional
More informationTotal Suspended Solids Total Dissolved Solids Hardness
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids in water that can be trapped by a filter. TSS can include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes, and sewage.
More informationGlossary of Wastewater Terms
Glossary of Wastewater Terms Activated Sludge Sludge that has undergone flocculation forming a bacterial culture typically carried out in tanks. Can be extended with aeration. Advanced Primary Treatment
More informationProject website: www.leitat.org/projectes/rephater
ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT PILOT PLANT IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY WITH PHOSPHATE RECOVERY The Project leading to these results has received funding from the EACI by the Eco-Innovation programme under grant
More informationOrange County Sanitation District
Orange County Sanitation District The Orange County Sanitation District operates large wastewater treatment plants in Fountain Valley and Huntington Beach, CA. These plants treat about 230 million gallons
More informationGUIDELINE FOR MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR STREET SWEEPINGS & CATCH BASIN CLEANINGS
GUIDELINE FOR MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR STREET SWEEPINGS & CATCH BASIN CLEANINGS STATE OF CONNECTICUT August 2007 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT 06106-5127
More informationINFORMATION SHEET ORDER NO. R5-2011-XXXX TRIANGLE ROCK PRODUCTS, INC. FLORIN ROAD AGGREGATE PLANT SACRAMENTO COUNTY
ORDER NO. R5-2011-XXXX INFORMATION SHEET Background Triangle Rock, Inc. (Discharger) submitted a Report of Waste Discharge (RWD) on 23 August 2010. The Discharger is expanding the mining operations at
More informationTABLET DETERGENTS Towards A More Sustainable Future
TABLET DETERGENTS Towards A More Sustainable Future Unilever Supports Sustainable Development of Detergents with Tablets THE CONTRIBUTION OF TABLETS Unilever is committed to meeting the needs of customers
More information1.782 Environmental Engineering Masters of Engineering Project
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 1.782 Environmental Engineering Masters of Engineering Project Fall 2007 - Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
More informationBest Practices for Handling Nanomaterials in Laboratories
Best Practices for Handling Nanomaterials in Laboratories Much of the toxicology of nanomaterials is currently uncertain or unknown. Some nanosized particles are more toxic than their respective micron
More informationNanosilver in Consumer Products
FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT Nanosilver in Consumer Products Dr. Andrea Haase Experimental Research (FG73) Fields of Competence Biological Safety Safety of Substances & Preparations Food Safety
More informationUTILITIES DEPARTMENT
UTILITIES DEPARTMENT Dear Business Owner, As a Business owner or manager you know how important it is to provide a safe and reliable service or product. Similarly, the City of Brighton Utilities Department
More informationPhosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT REPORT NO. Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment (Final Report) Research and Development Section Electrical & Mechanical Projects Division Nov 2013 Final Report endorsed by
More informationFlorida Department of Environmental Protection
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Background Mobile vehicle and equipment washing involves washing at a location where vehicles are based (such as a trucking company, warehouse, bus station,
More informationAfter the Flush. Safe disposal of our wastewater is a valued and complex, not-for-profit municipal service.
After the Flush Published: July 14, 2011 Sewage or wastewater is something we rarely think or talk about. The wastewater from our toilets, showers, washing machines and dishwashers quickly departs our
More informationACTIFLO Process For Wet Weather and Wastewater Treatment
ACTIFLO Process For Wet Weather and Wastewater Treatment ACTIFLO Microsand Ballasted Clarification Process ACTIFLO is a high rate, compact process developed by Veolia Solutions & Technologies. The process
More informationUVDB empowered by Achilles
UVDB empowered by Achilles DISAB Centurion: High Performance Wet/Dry Materials Handling Unit DISAB Centurion: High performance vacuum tanker that will vacuum dry or wet material The DISAB can vacuum material
More informationSilver Nanoparticles: No Threat to the Environment. George J. Maass, Ph.D. (Colloidal Science Laboratories)
Abstract: Silver Nanoparticles: No Threat to the Environment George J. Maass, Ph.D. (Colloidal Science Laboratories) Silver is an effective germ fighter and silver nanoparticles are widely recognized as
More informationGUIDELINES FOR LEACHATE CONTROL
GUIDELINES FOR LEACHATE CONTROL The term leachate refers to liquids that migrate from the waste carrying dissolved or suspended contaminants. Leachate results from precipitation entering the landfill and
More informationChapter 2 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Park Operations
SWPPP for Park Operations 2 Chapter 2 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Park Operations Bordered by Lake Washington & Lake Sammamish, the City of Bellevue has more than 60 miles of streams,
More informationLife cycle energy analysis of water use system in Ara river watershed
Life cycle energy analysis of water use system in Ara river watershed Hiroaki FURUMAI Professor, Research Center for Environment Technology University of Tokyo IWA Workshop on and & Loss Tokyo, 8 April
More informationDRAFT Guidelines for Manually Diverting Outdoor Wastewater to the Sanitary Sewer
Only RAIN down the Storm Drain... DRAFT Guidelines for Manually Diverting Outdoor Wastewater to the Sanitary Sewer This publication applies to you if: You generate wastewater outdoors, and The wastewater
More informationHow To Water System
Mid-Monroe Water System: Soluble Iron and Manganese Removal via Oxidation & Filtration Daniel Rickard, P.E. Engineering Project Manager Pennsylvania-American Water Company Who Is American Water We are
More informationLIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ON COTTON AND VISCOSE FIBRES FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ON COTTON AND VISCOSE FIBRES FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION Janka Dibdiakova, Volkmar Timmermann Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute (NFLI) Ås, Norway COST FP1205 Innovative applications
More informationCREATING A GREEN FUTURE THROUGH WATER REMEDIATION
CREATING A GREEN FUTURE THROUGH WATER REMEDIATION Cornerstone Principles for Conducting Business Active Treatment Systems, Inc. goes to great lengths to instill in every employee the importance of ethical
More informationCity of Mebane Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facility
City of Mebane Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facility For the Fiscal Year July 1, 2014 - June 30, 2015 City of Mebane Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facility For the Fiscal Year July 1, 2014
More informationNational Precast Concrete Association
National Precast Concrete Association NOTES 1. This manual does not claim or imply that it addresses any safety-related issues associated with its use. Operation and maintenance of precast concrete grease
More informationData and Trends. Environmental protection and Safety
Data and Trends Environmental protection and Safety 2006 EMS-GRIVORY Performance Polymers EMS-GRIVORY Extrusion Polymers EMS-GRILTECH EMS-PRIMID EMS-PATVAG EMS-SERVICES Data and Trends 2006 Protection
More informationWASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM (OPERATING MANUALS )
Page 1 of 76 1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of the Wastewater Treatment System is to remove contaminates from plant wastewater so that it may be sent to the Final Plant Effluent Tank and eventually discharged
More informationCOMMERCIAL BUSINESS LICENSE APPLICATION
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Code Administration Division 129 North Second Street, 2nd Floor Yakima, Washington 98901 (509) 575-6126 Fax (509) 576-6576 codes@yakimawa.gov www.buildingyakima.com COMMERCIAL
More informationTiO 2. : Manufacture of Titanium Dioxide. www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry Registered charity number 207890
TiO 2 : Manufacture of Titanium Dioxide www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry Registered charity number 207890 5: Manufacture of titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide has many uses. It is now the common white pigment
More informationPHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Medicines and Medical Devices Agency of Serbia PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Ivana Bozic, MSc Health, Safety and Environment ISWA Beacon Conference, Novi Sad, 08 10 December 2010 458, Vojvode
More informationType of Sewer Systems. Solomon Seyoum
Type of Sewer Systems Solomon Seyoum 0 Learning objectives Upon completion of this lecture, the participants will be able to differentiate between types of sewer systems and discuss different aspects of
More informationNEVADA CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT INQUIRY
NEVADA CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT INQUIRY REASON FOR INVESTIGATION The 2003-2004 Grand Jury investigated the status of wastewater treatment in unincorporated Nevada County. This year, the Grand Jury investigated
More informationPOLLUTION PREVENTION FACT SHEET: AUTOMOBILE MAINTENANCE
POLLUTION PREVENTION FACT SHEET: AUTOMOBILE MAINTENANCE Description This pollution prevention measure involves creating a program of targeted outreach and training for businesses involved in automobile
More informationBiocides main groups
Analytical challenges for the analysis of biocides in aqueous and solid environmental matrices Arne Wick, Kathrin Broeder, Michael Schluesener, Thomas Ternes Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz,
More informationHow To Get A Stormwater Discharge Permit In A City Of Scottsdale
Environmental Regulations Guide Section 4 Pollution Prevention 4. 0 Pollution Prevention The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) focuses on source reduction, i.e. on reducing the amount of pollution through
More informationGeorgia Department of Public Health. Georgia Onsite Sewage Management Systems. Background and Use of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems in Georgia
Georgia Department of Public Health Georgia Onsite Sewage Management Systems Background and Use of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems in Georgia Background On-site sewage management systems are designed
More informationActive Treatment Systems
Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control Non-Stormwater NS Management Control Waste Management and WM Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category
More informationUCD School of Agriculture Food Science & Veterinary Medicine Master of Engineering Science in Food Engineering Programme Outline
Module Details BSEN30010 Bioprocess Principles BSEN30240 Waste Management BSEN40030 Advanced Food Refrigeration Module Description In this module you will be introduced to some of the fundamental theories
More informationSaudi Aramco Project Development
Saudi Aramco Project Development Wastewater Treatment Facilities Jeddah Refinery And Marine Area December 2007 Facilities Planning Dept. OBJECTIVE: Provide an overview of the complexities of developing
More informationWastewater Treatment System Rehabilitation Project
Wastewater Treatment System Rehabilitation Project An overview The City of Shelton, WA / January 2010 Before After SHELTON WASTEWATER TREATMENT IMPROVMENTS PROJECT Enabled by extensive grant-funding, loans
More informationA HOMEOWNERS GUIDE ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION A HOMEOWNERS GUIDE TO ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS March 12, 2002 WHAT IS AN ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM An on-site sewage management
More informationDental amalgams & alternative materials
page 1/8 Source document: Tooth filling materials SCENIHR / SCHER (2008) Dental amalgams & alternative materials Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Amalgam is a combination of mercury with other metals
More informationEnvironmental Regulations & Best Management Practices CARPET CLEANING OPERATIONS. Carpet Cleaning Operations in the Capital Regional District
Environmental Regulations & Best Management Practices CARPET CLEANING OPERATIONS Carpet Cleaning Operations in the Capital Regional District ENVIRONMENT ONMENTAL AL REGULATIONS & BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
More informationRULE 8-8 - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS
BAY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT RULE 8-8 - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS (ADOPTED: January 17, 1979) (AMENDED: November 1, 1989; October 6, 1993; June 15, 1994;
More informationSpill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
Objectives Cover Contain Educate Reduce/Minimize Product Substitution Description Spills and leaks, if not properly controlled, can adversely impact the storm drain system and receiving waters. Due to
More information