Phosphorus Removal. Wastewater Treatment
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1 Phosphorus Removal In Wastewater Treatment by Derek Shires (512)
2 Why do we care? Eutrophication of surface water - Especially reservoirs Maximum agronomic uptake - Limiting irrigation Because TCEQ cares...now we have a winner!
3 What's happening? Organic - you and me - approximately 1 pound per year Inorganic - detergents - up to 7 pounds per year Plant Influent - varies from 5 mg/l to 30 mg/l All biological wastewater treatment removes 1 to 4 mg/l
4 Rules TCEQ Advanced Nutrient Removal (a) A facility designed to provide advanced nutrient removal must specify the process units needed to achieve the permit's effluent limits. (b) Biological nutrient removal, membrane filtration, sand filtration, or a combination of these processes may be used for advanced nutrient removal without applying for the executive director's approval under the innovative or nonconforming technology criteria in 217.7(b)(2) of this title (relating to Types of Plans and Specifications Approvals). (c) If a BNR unit is proposed, the report must include: (1) The anticipated food to microorganism ratio in both the anoxic and anaerobic zones; (2) The volatile fatty acid recycle ratio; and (3) The design of a foaming control system. (d) If a chemical addition unit is proposed, it must comply with the requirements in Subchapter K of this chapter (relating to Chemical Disinfection). (e) A fixed film and filtration process must comply with the requirements of Subchapter G of this chapter (relating to Fixed Film and Filtration Units).
5 Choices? Physical Treatment or Adsorption - not really Chemical Precipitation - easy to implement - chemical cost Biological Removal - serious construction - lower chemical cost Both options involve binding the phosphorus up in a solid and removal in the typical liquid / solid separation processes.
6 Chemical Precipitation Metal Salt - Alum or Ferric Chloride - usually Alum Dosage - varies widely - 18 to 1 is a good start Requires - chemical storage, chemical feed pump(s), tubing Very reliable - Positive Operator control Can be installed at almost any existing plant Minimal Installation Cost Additional sludge production - Chemical cost
7 Chemical Feed Points Alum Alum Alum Alum Primary Clarifier Aeration Secondary Clarifier Tertiary Filter Influent Primary Sludge Return Sludge Waste Sludge
8 Biological Removal Process Conditioning of the microbes to consume more Phosphorus Addition of un-aerated basin(s) - Anoxic and Anaerobic Chemical savings Phosphorus rich sludge Can be difficult to operate - Pay close attention to Sludge Treatment Can be installed at most plants Substantial construction cost
9 Bio P Layout Anaerobic Aerobic Secondary Clarifier Tertiary Filter Influent Return Sludge Waste Sludge Aerobic - Dissolved Oxygen Available Anoxic - No DO, Nitrate Oxygen Available Anaerobic - No Oxygen Available
10 Bio P Layout 2.0 Anaerobic Aerobic Secondary Clarifier Tertiary Filter Influent Anoxic Return Sludge ~ 20% Influent Waste Sludge Aerobic - Dissolved Oxygen Available Anoxic - No DO, Nitrate Oxygen Available Anaerobic - No Oxygen Available
11 Anaerobic Aerobic Secondary Clarifier Tertiary Filter Anaerobic Anoxic Influent Aerobic Secondary Clarifier Tertiary Filter Aerobic - Dissolved Oxygen Available Anoxic - No DO, Nitrate Oxygen Available Anaerobic - No Oxygen Available
12 Effluent Limits Biological Phosphorus 2-3 mg/l Chemical Precipitation 1-2 mg/l Tertiary Filtration mg/l Membrane Filtration mg/l
13 All done. Any intelligent fool can make things bigger and more complex. It takes a touch of genius and a lot of courage to move in the opposite direction. - Albert Einstein
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