Life cycle energy analysis of water use system in Ara river watershed

Transcription

1 Life cycle energy analysis of water use system in Ara river watershed Hiroaki FURUMAI Professor, Research Center for Environment Technology University of Tokyo IWA Workshop on and & Loss Tokyo, 8 April 2014 Content usage by water sectors in Japan - supply and Sewerage systems resource and water supply in Tokyo - intake from Ara-river Life cycle assessment for water use system - Inventory analysis - Life cycle energy consumption 2

2 usage (Billion kwh/year) usage per unit volume (kwh/m 3 ) usage in sewerage system in Japan Sewerage works statistics 下 水 道 統 計 Total power usage in Japan 7.2 Billion kwh/m 3 in kWh/m 3 in 2005 Average power usage per unit 0.492kWh/m 3 in H H H H H H H H22 Japan Fiscal year Items of energy usage in sewerage system in Japan Others in Treatment plant Pumping station 7% 10% 14% Pumping in Treatment plant 21% Sludge Treatment 48% water Treatment Sewerage works statistics 下 水 道 統 計 4

3 usage (Billion kwh/year) usage per unit volume (kwh/m 3 ) usage per unit volume (Crude oil equivalent-kl/10 3 x m 3 ) usage by different treatment processes 標 CASP 準 法 with 等 焼 sludge 却 ありincineration 標 CASP 準 法 without 等 焼 却 sludge なし incineration 高 Advanced 度 処 理 treatment OD Oxidation 法 等 ditch and others ,000 10, ,000 1,000,00010,000,000 1kL = 10767kWh Treated volume (m 3 /day) Sewerage works statistics 下 水 道 統 計 5 usage in water supply system in Japan 電 力 使 用 量 ( 億 kwh) supply statistics 水 道 統 計 Total power usage Unit power usage Japan Fiscal year H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H 電 力 使 用 量 原 単 位 6 電 力 使 用 原 単 位 (kwh/m3)

4 usage per unit volume (kwh/m 3 ) ~ ~1 1~2 2~3 3~5 5~10 10~25 25~50 50~ ~ 電 力 原 単 位 (kwh/m 3 ) usage by different population size utilities 現 在 給 水 人 口 ( 万 人 ) supply statistics 水 道 統 計 ( x 10 4 ) Population size for water supply 7 Items of energy usage in water supply system in Japan transmission and distribution etc. 94.4% Distribution Intake and conveyance Pump motor output Treatment plant Transmission supply statistics 水 道 統 計 treatment 5.6% 8

5 resource and water supply in Tokyo Tone-Ara river system 80% Tone river Ara river 20% Tama river system Tama river <1% Sagami river system Sagami river 9 intake in Ara river supply area Population in the area 4400 km 2 16 million Irrigation from Kushibiki Tone River Irrigation from Osato Saitama Pre. Ara River Saitama municipal water 121 purification plants (2.38 x10 9 m 3 /year) pipe : km 56 Sewage treatment plants (2.83 x10 9 m 3 /year) Sewer pipe : km Tokyo Municipal water Tokyo M.G. 10

6 Disposal Use Manufacture Raw Material Mining Supply Life Cycle Assessment LCA consists of 4 phases: Goal & scope definition LC inventory analysis LC impact assessment LC interpretation Raw material extraction Resource Resource Whole life-cycle Raw Material Mining Manufacture Product Landfilling Goal & Scope Definition: Define the functional unit and system boundaries LCI Analysis: Account for all materials and energy of the product/service system over the whole life-cycle. Recycling Air Emission Emission Use Solid System Boundary Disposal 11 Life Cycle Assessment: Inventory Analysis per unit process Raw M Material per functional unit Raw M Material Consumption Coal Crude Oil Life-Cycle Stage R M U D Total MJ kg L Material Product Material Product Natural Gas Iron Ore m 3 kg Product CH4 kg kg Solid 12 BOD kg kg

7 Air Emission Life Cycle Assessment: Inventory Analysis Example Naphtha kg 51.3 MJ/kg 48.2 MJ Electricity kwh 6.31 MJ/kWh 1.0 MJ Diesel Oil MJ 1.10 MJ/MJ 1.4 MJ PP Resin kg Solid g MJ/g MJ Polypropylene (PP) Resin Production CO 2 NO x SO x kg g g Total MJ 13 System Boundary of Use System Conveyance supply and use Transmission Distribution Treatment Distribution Plant Facility Rainwater use Domestic Demand Surface water Ground water Secondary effluent Ground water use Reclamation plant water Treatment Plant Reclaimed water use Sewage collection Municipal Demand 14

8 Required energy for purification Consumption [MJ/yr] Use System in Ara-river watershed: LC Consumption 0.53kWh/m x x x x x x x x x supply supply: 2.38 x10 9 m 3 /year National average= ap 0.49 kwh/m 3 Note: Not only electric energy but also chemicals and fuels 7.90 x x x x kWh/m x 10 9 water treatment 0.89kWh/m kWh/m x x 109 Sludge treatment Demolition Pumping to users Treatment and plant operation Construction: Facilities Construction: Pipes Conversion factor 6.3 MJ/kWh (LCE) cf 3.6 MJ/kW (Calorie basis) (kwh/m 3 ) Index for Quality Clean water at altitude 100 m Potential energy Groundwater -100 m River good quality River poor quality Resource Purification Sea-Level (0m) Drinking Supply Use Courtesy to Prof. Ohgaki Raw Sewage Secondary Effluent water Treatment Reclaimed Reclamation -3 Seawater flow direction 16

9 Thank you for your attention Hiroaki FURUMAI shed-based Sustainable Urban Use Wise use of self-owned water resources in urban area Rainwater Use Enhanced Infiltration DWTP Groundwater Recharge and Use WWTP Reclaimed Use Recycling Society Conservation of Environment 17