Envelope Power Greenhouse

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Sheena Chambers
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1 POWER VILLAGE The fusion reactor Sun Envelope Power Greenhouse (EPG) Energy and Crop Sun Earth Principles, Development Status, Future Aspects December,9x 6 km Bethe-Weizsäcker cycle of Hydrogen-Helium fusion 6 kw/m² kw/m² Distance,x 8 km Time of a photon from sun to earth: 8mn 8 sec Terrestrial Solar Spectrum and Photosynthetic Active Parts (PAR) Reserves, world population and food production [Billion] World Population Food Production?? Reserves Coal Oil Uran CO in the Atmosphere [ppm] CO Gas -Emission Year land area/ 9 hectares against calendar years Mechanism of Photosynthesis H O + Photon Energy [H] +, O [H] + CO (CH O) + H O land area [9 hectares] a b c [year]. Usable worldwide agriculture land. World population x, ha a. Culmination point if, ha is needed to feed one person b. Culmination point if, ha is needed to feed one person c. Culmination point if, ha is needed to feed one person Reaction Centre

production [Billion] 9 8 7 6 World Population Food Production?

2 Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll, C-, [mg CO/m².sec] Atmospheric CO content: ppm C-,8,6,, 6 CO [ppm] Curve Curve A B+D C+E Solar spectrum, terrestrial Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll (PAR) UV-A radiation. Doesn't effect plant growing, but produces brighter colours, stronger aromas and causes natural disinfection. Most productive spectral regions. Only small contribution to photosynthesis. C- plants CO Assimilation [mg CO/m².sec] CO concentration C- plants,,8,6,,,,8,6,,, PAR Spectrum [W/m²] Selective greenhouse walls with liquid filter the liquid filter wall Greenhouse at the Blaustein Institute at Sidi Boquer in the Israeli Negew desert the laboratory demonstrator Source: European-Israeli Cooperation in Solar Technology, report from Eurosolar Veranero para el Cultivo de Vegetales en Climat Tropical Fluoropolymer Domes or Tunnels Bomin Solar R+D GmbH developed since 979 light weight Solar Power Stations whose main principle was to use ultralight membrane mirrors protected against wind and weather under Fluoropolymer Domes or Tunnels Source: Luis Berriz, Manual Alvarez and Lisandro Vásquez Centro de Investigationes de Energia Solar, Academia de Ciencas de Cuba

Doesn't effect plant growing, but produces brighter colours, stronger aromas and causes natural disinfection. Most productive spectral regions. Only small contribution to photosynthesis.

3 Asahi Glass : F-Clean membrane Envelope Technology Therefore started end of the 99 th to develop a patented version of the filter greenhouse in which light weight Fresnel lenses are tracking the sun under the protective fluoropolymer skin of a greenhouse Steam Little demonstration greenhouse: one half is selectively shadowed by a Fresnel lens. Nevertheless, the lux-meter indicates in this region an illumination level of > lux. Best conditions for plants grow and work. Cool Photon Two lab. demonstrators of these principles (equipped with microtubular greenhouses made of Miraflow Fluoropolymer). Spectrolab multijunction cells Cooling liquid EPG-Combined crop-thermodynamic cycle EPG-Combined crop-photovoltaic cycle DC-current from SunFlower-CoolPhoton units High temperature storage for round the clock operation (optional) Thermodynamic engine Electricity AC-DC Converter Generator Hot water storage (PV-Hybride) Typical used for night time heating of the greenhouse Low temperature storage (ejected engine beat) Typical used for night time heating of the greenhouse

Nevertheless, the lux-meter indicates in this region an illumination level of > lux. Best conditions for plants grow and work. Cool Photon Two lab.

4 Fresnel Concentrator Optic as Selector between direct and diffuse radiation Schott Glass KG none transparent absorber in focal line lets only diffuse part of radiation reach the plants selective fluid in focal line filters out none usable spectrum, changes it to heat and transports it out of the greenhouse. The PAR spectrum + diffuse spectrum reach the plants Diffused Light Heat transported outside of the greenhouse PAR-Light The ENVI System SUNRAY and SUNFLOWER Systems Sunray modules SunFlower modules d α min α ϕ The SUNRAY System Optic systems Demonstration prototypes N W α Z S Y F Z Z [LE] α [ ] f f α cos²α S f α cos α sin α 8 S X f [LE] S [LE] 8 Z D fα LE For focusing PV cooling application (Spectrolab Triple Junction Cells η6%) For thermal application f [LE] 6 6 S [LE] -Y (-S) Y (S) a [ ] Variation of focal length and focal line displacement in function of the azimuth angle a For linear PV cooling application For plant grow application

The PAR spectrum + diffuse spectrum reach the plants Diffused Light Heat transported outside of the greenhouse PAR-Light The ENVI System SUNRAY and SUNFLOWER Systems Sunray modules SunFlower modules

5 The Envelope Power Greenhouse LUZ-Solar Power Stations in the Mohave Desert ( MWel) As example a roof with glass Fresnel lenses from the Envi Ltd. Solar-Power Village schematical representation Solar-Power Village Pilot installation in Lörrach, Summer (with vegetable oil storage and Stirling engine) water heat food electricity Albert Hoffman s Solar Day rd Mai The structure of the Greenhouse The first Sunray Prototype The Elements of the Sunrays Greenhouse with Fluoropolymer film

Solar-Power Village schematical representation Solar-Power Village Pilot installation in Lörrach, Summer (with vegetable

6 Tamera, Portugal November The mounted Sunrays With Fresnel Lenses With linear PV Receiver With vacuum tubes Receiver Fresnel Lenses with hot Oil Receiver connected to the cooking place honey-comb Regenerators EPG with Transparent Isolation T in C T out C T in C T out C a Water Regenerator (according to Prof. Pokorny) with Regenerator (Sunvention) a Reversible immobilization and emission of carbon dioxide Concentrated CO (>8ppm) into the greenhouse b Air out (poor in CO ) a Air in (rich in CO ) Heat from SunFlower modules (> C) 6 7 Function air from the environment (ppm of CO ) is pumped by a blower fan () through small holes () at the ground of a box () containing Na CO in aqueous solution. The solution enriches CO according to the reaction equation: Na CO + CO + H O NaHCO. When saturation is reached, heat () from the SunFlower modules at > C is inversing the reaction: NaHCO + Heat Na CO + H O + CO. CO is delivered at high concentration rates () to the greenhouse. The system restarts... 6

Pokorny) with Regenerator (Sunvention) a Reversible immobilization and emission of carbon dioxide Concentrated CO (>8ppm) into the greenhouse b Air out (poor in CO ) a Air in (rich in CO ) Heat from

7 Hubraum [L] Motordruck [bar] Windkesseldruck [bar] D T Abgesteppter Kollektor Verunreinigtes Wasser T TiO -Behälter Trinkwasserspeicher T I The Middle Temperature Stirling Engine SUNPULSE TM Water Low Temperature Stirling Engine In India C Simulation (Pind 77 W) Measure (Pind 6 W) 8 R 6 K V H A Druck [bar] 8 6,,,,,,,,,, PV-Diagrams of the Sunpulse, simulated and measured(ttop o C, Tbottom o C) In ne nd ru ck in m Pressure Stroke Hubraum volume d Total pumping Height Performances V/W RAM UV Water Disinfection Systems Flow [l/min] CleanPhoton Solar Water Disinfection Fluoropolymer collector Titanium Dioxide as Photocatalyst Sol-e-Adobe A modular clay construction with solar electricity, heat and light 7

Engine SUNPULSE TM Water Low Temperature Stirling Engine In India C Simulation (Pind 77 W) Measure (Pind 6 W) 8 R 6 K V H A Druck [bar] 8 6,,,,,,,,,, PV-Diagrams of the Sunpulse, simulated

ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS

ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that