HISTORY N ATIV E TRIBES TRANSVAAL TRANSVAAL NATIVE AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT E. WM1 2 5 & R. SHORT. A (b< & r

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2 A (b< & r E. WM 2 5 & R. TRANSVAAL NATVE AFFARS DEPARTMENT SHORT HSTORY O F T H E N ATV E TRBES O F T H E TRANSVAAL PRET ORA: PRNTED AT THE GOVERNMENT PRNTNG AND STATONERY OFFCE.

3 N ) E X. P A R T. B E C H U A N A A N D B A S U T O T R B E S. C h a p t e r. C h a p t e r. C h a p t e r. C h a p t e r V. C h a p t e r V. C h a p t e r V. C h a p t e r V. C h a p t e r V. C h a p t e r X. B A R O L O N G B A H U R U T S B A K W E N A (B A K O E N A ) A. B A K W E N A B a-k ubung... B. C. C a. C b. D. E. F. Ba-Fokeng Ba-M agopa Ba-Moletsh Ba-Molmosana No.,, Ba-Ram anam ela No. 2,, Ba-M olm osana No. 3,, Ba-M a-tau No. 4,, Ba-M a-tlaku B A K W E N A -B A -P H A L A N E B A K G A T L A No.. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.,, at Utkyk, Potchefstroom of K gafela of Mosetla of M a-kau of Mutsha n Lydenburg, Zoutpansber and Mddelburg Dstrcts T H E B A P E D O F S E K U K U N A N D M A L E K U T U M A L A B O C H, Z O U T P A N S B E R G B A P H R N G B E C H U A N A A N D B A S U T O T R B E S, who entered from the W E S T and SO U T H No.. No. 2. The Bataung, Rustenburg The Batlokua (Batokwa) A. Dstrct Zoutpansberg B. Dstrct Rustenburg No. 3. A. Malos or Maleos, M ddelburg... B. Bantwane, Pretora Dstrct No. 4. A. Banareng, Zoutpansberg B. Banareng, Mddelburg Dstrct No. 5. Bakhudu, Hedelberg Dstrct... No. 6. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. Gama, Erm elo Dstrct Bapo, Rustenburg Dstrct Batlako, Rustenburg Dstrct Bamalete, Zeerust Dstrct No. 0. Baghopa, Hedelberg Dstrct... B A S U T O A N D B A P E D T R B E S, who came from the N O R T H -E A S T A. B A K O N of M A T L A L A and L E K G A L, D S T R C T Z O U T P A N S B E R G No.. No. 2. No. 3. Maake, Zoutpansberg Mahupa, Zoutpansberg A. Kotole and Pok wane, M ddelburg and Lydenburg B. Tsana, Mddelburg C. Ba-Phutng Ba-M pahlele, Zoutpansherg B. B A K W E B O A N D K O L O B E T R B E S No.. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. M odjadj, Zoutpansberg Sekgopo, Zoutpansberg Mamabolo, Zoutpansberg Kgopa, Zoutpansberg Muguboya, Zoutpansberg C. M U T A L E RO A ( M O TH L A L E RW A) ). No.. No. 2. Makgoba, Zoutpansberg Lucas Shongoan, Waterberg. V A R O U S P E T T Y C H E F S, Zoutpansberg Page * «

4 V NDEX P A R T. C h a p t e r. A. Z U L U S B. A M A N D E B E L E No.. Am an debele of M anala No. 2.,,,, Kekaan No. 3.,,,, M Hwabuba No. 4.,, Mapoch C. T H E B L A C K N D E B E L E T R B E O F M A P E L A D. A M A N D E B E L E O F S. K O B E O F W A T E R B E R G C h a p t e r. T H E B A T SO N G A O R B A G W A M B A S W A Z E S, T R A N S V A A L B A -T A U, M D D E L B U R G A N D L Y D E N B U R C B A V E N D A 'O R B A T S O E T L A B A L E M B A O R M A L E P A B U Y S P E O P L E, Z O U T P A N S B E R G V A A L P E N S... Page <>

5 P R E F A C E. Ths short hstory of the Natve Trbes of the Transvaal has been collated from nformaton obtaned through locdl and personal nvestgatons conducted by offcals of the Natve Affars Department statoned n every Dstrct of the Transvaal. They were consderably handcapped n ther enqures by the fact that they had lttle tme to devote to the work owng to numerous other matters whch requred more mmedate attenton : that practcally no wrtten data could be placed at ther dsposal, as no records were n exstence : and that the partculars related had consequently to be produced almost entrely from Natve sources accordng to the tradtons of the day. The Department s therefore ndebted to the Natve Commssoners and Sub Natve Commssoners for the result of ther labours, and especally to Mr. Knothe, who elaborated the memorandum at headquarters, and whbse ntmate knowledge of the aborgnal races of the Colony has added materally to the value of the hstory. W. W N D H A M, Secretary for Natve Affars. P reto ra, T r a n sv a a l, 5th August, 905.

6 PART. BECHUANA AND BASUTO TRBES. T A B L E showng the Orgn of some of the Bechuana and Basuto Trbes. BAROLONG. (M an T rb e). Barolong Bahuruts Barolong Bahuruts Bahuruts Bakwena Bak^atla Bakgatla Baped ot Sekukun, and Malekutu Malaboch Baphrng Bakwena The Chefs rulng the Bavenda?? Spelonken, Dstrct Zoutpansberg.

7 C hapter. BARO LO N G. The Barolong derved ther name from the Chef Morolong, under whom accordng to tradton ther ancestors mgrated from a country n the far North, probably the regon of the Lakes, about the year 400. After four generatons, they reached the Molopo Rver, somewhere near Mafekng, where they fxed ther frst permanent resdence. At ths tme, the Bahuruts separated from the man branch and became ndependent. t s there where the Barolong durng the regn of many Chefs enjoyed peace, ncreased n strength and became constantly stronger and wealther, reachng the zenth of ther greatness n the tme of Tau about 4th n descent from Morolong. Many of them had mgrated at dfferent tmes ^Eastwards and North-Westwards, but these were replaced by an alen clan who submtted to the Barolong; among others, the Bathlapng, and Batlaro. Besdes these, there were lvng wthn the Terrtory clamed by the Barolong, several Bechuana Clans, hordes of Korana s, and Bushmen, who dd not always acknowledge ther supremacy. Tau ded at Taung, on the Hart Rver, about the year 760 and wth hm, owng to cvl wars and feuds, the power of the Barolong ceased. The Trbe then became dvded nto several Clans and takng advantage of the opportunty afforded by ths dssoluton the alen sectons made themselves ndependent; as for nstance, the Bathlapng, and the Batlaro. The dfferent Barolong partes were each headed by one of Tau s sons who seem to have then made Khunwane ther head-quarters. Here they remaned untl the Matabele under Umzlkatz, swept everythng before them, forcng the Barolong to qut ther quarters. Th ey subsequently met other Trbes who also engaged them n feuds and wars such as the Makololo Mantat hordes, and the Bataung under Moltsane. The Chefs of the four partes were at that tme, as follows : j ^ () Matlakoe (grandfather of Moshette). (2) Tawane. (3) Shunelo (or Sefunela). (4) Matlabe. Movng about from place to place they eventually retred to Thabeng near the Schoonsprut, Dstrct Potchefstroom, whch place s now known as Busfonten, where they met the Bakwena under Seemsho, who after engagng them n battle forced the Barolong to retre to some other part. Shunelo then moved to Makwasse, near Wolmaransstad, where the Mssonares, Messrs. Broadbent and Hodgeson, joned hm. n 826, he left Makwasse fo Platberg, Boshof, Orange Rver Colony, where he remaned untl 833 when the successors of the above-named Mssonares led them to Thaba Ntshu, Orange Rver Colony. The Clans under Matlakoe and Tawane had meanwhle returned to Khunwane, ther old headquarters. Matlabe who had remaned near Thabeng was forced by the Bataung under Moltsane to retre and jon the Clans of Matlakoe and Taw7ane at Khunwane. Moltsane, however, followed hm up and dspersed the Barolong; kllng Matlakoe, who was then succeeded by Gonts (hs second son) as hs grandson, the real her, was not old enough then to rule hmself. Gonts, and Tawane, wth ther followers, then joned Shunelo at Platberg and later on accompaned hm to Thaba Ntshu, whle Matlabe, wth hs Clan placed hmself n subjecton to Umzlkatz, whom he asssted n drvng back the Bataung of Moltsane to the Modder Rver. After ths he returned to Thabeng, where he remaned a few years and then joned the other Barolong at Thaba N tshu n or about the year 835.

8 When the Boers under H. Potgeter (after beng defeated by the Matabele), retred to Thaba Ntshu, the Barolong asssted them by a gft of cattle. Matlabe whb had been wth the Matabele before and thus knew ther retreats served as a scout when the Boers made a second attack on the Matabele, and after Umzlkatz s defeat he was granted permsson by the Boer party to settle at Maklaong (now Machavstad) Potchefstroom, n 839. Here he was joned by Moshette (Gonts), and Tawane; the three Clans thus becomng subjects of the Boers, whle the 4th Clan, under Moroko, remaned at Thaba Ntshu. n 847, Tawane removed to Lotlokana on the Molopo Rver, near Mafekng hs descendant beng Badrele, twe successor of Chef Wessels Montsoa. A short tme after Tawane s departure, Moshette wth hs followers left Machavstad for Khunwane where he s lvng up to ths day. Matlabe who had remaned at Potchefstroom, wras ordered to leave by Mr. St. Schoeman, owng to a dsagreement wth the Boers about some cattle. He then moved to Hartebeestfonten and afterwards to a place called Shudnkloe at Taung where he was allowed to resde for several years by the Batlapng Chef. Mahurah. n 853, after the Boer War wth Ghasbone a Batlapng Chef, he was allowed by Presdent Pretorus to return to Potchefstroom. n 875, fndng the land too small for hs Trbe, he asked the Boer Government to fulfl ther promse of a grant of a larger Locaton, n return for hs servces aganst the Matabele. He was then granted the farm Polfonten, Dstrct Lchtenburg, whther he moved wth the majorty of hs Trbe. Durng the Anglo-Boer War,some of hs people returned to Potchefstroom, but now have to leave for Polfonten. The drect her to Matlabe s a young man about 20 years of age named Ramolekana who s the present Chef. t wll thus be seen, that the Barolong are represented n the Transvaal, by : (A) Moshette s Trbe at Khunwane, Moshette beng by descent the Paramount Chef of the Barolong. (B) Ramolekana s Trbe, Polfonten, Lchtenburg. (C) Several strans of the Barolong Race whchleft the orgnal Trbes n consequence of wars and are now found scattered about amongst other Natve Trbes, notably the Bakgatla and the Bantwane Pretora Dstrct besdes many others. Some are also met wth n the Hedelberg Dstrct, who were captured by and sold as slaves among the Boers. The Barolong seem to be the oldest of tlve Bechuana-Bantu Trbes n South Afrca, as even the Bahuruts, from whom many other Trbes are sad to be descended, were a branch of ths race when on ts Southward wanderngs.

9 0 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAROLONG C H EFS.. Morolong 2. Noto 3- Morara 4- Mab 5* Mabyo 6.? 7- Modboa 8. Morakle 9-? O. Tsesebe. Maspa 2. Mokgopa!3* Tbela 4. 'Tau c U lo t C/lAX. 6 o K Ratlou.. Setshre l Moshewa Mokoto l Matlakoe l. Gonts Moshette t Tsle Thutloa l Tawane l Montsoa l Kabalepele Wessels Montsoa. Badrele (W u t /* Seleka. Koko. Shunelo Mcroko Samuel Moroko l Molekana Kokoe Tsabadre Rchard Moroko l Moroko f t Rapulane Molekana Makhowe l Matlabe (By frst Wfe) (By second Wfe) (By thrd Wfe) Lekgheto (no ssue) Shudnkloe Ramolekana Tupamore Shupng l. Ramoseb (Stoffel) Montsose

10 C h ap te r. B A H U RU T S. The Bahuruts are sad to have been a branch of the Barolong Race from whom they separated and became ndependent at the Molopo Rver, near Mafekng, n or about the 6th Century. After the Barolong they appear to be the oldest Clan. From them the followng Trbes are sad to be descended, v z.: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Bakwena. Bakgatla. Baped of Sekukun, and of Malekutu. Malaboch of Blauwberg, Dstrct Zoutpansberg. Baphrng of Rustenburg. Other Basuto and Bechuana Trbes, who are not resdng n ths Colony. n former days the Bahuruts must have been a powerful people as brave n war as they were feared by other Trbes. Up to w thn a few decades, none of the above-named Trbes were allowed to gather n ther crops untl the Bahuruts Chef had gven them hs permsson to do so. Ths rght was called. Go Loma Thots (to bte the pumpkn, the latter beng the earlest crop cultvated by the Natves). Ths custom s extant to day, amongst the Baped Trbes of Zoutpansberg, who however, are sad to belong to another Bantu-Race, and are supposed to have been left behnd by the mgratory Basuto Trbes, now found n the Orange Rver Colony. Lke all Bechuanas, thfey derved ther sustenance from agrculture, cattle breedng, and huntng. They beleved n a Sprt as Dety, called Modmo Thobega, sad to have made hmself known to them as Moroa (son) Mogaloatsela. The Bahuruts from tme to tme, and accordng to crcumstances, honoured dfferent anmals, to whch they danced (Go Bna); and whch served as a badge to the respectve Trbes. Of these anmals, the Eland(Phohu) was frst reverenced and spared by them but later on t was replaced by the (Tsoene E Kgolo) Great Monkoy. The frst dvson of the Bahuruts people took place after the death of ther thrd Chef Molope, who had two sons, vz. : () Mohurutse. (2) Kwene (Crocodle). Mohurutse remaned Chef of the man Trbe, and hs people were called the Bahuruts ; Kwene, the younger brother, separated from hs brother for some unknown cause, and called hs followers the Bakwena (People of Kwene), chosng the Crocodle as hs badge. Mohurutse had two sons, Motebele, and Motebyane; hs chef town at that tme was at Pella, on the Tholoan Rver. Motebele, although her to the cheftanshp, feared hs brother Motebyane as a rval and a quarrel arose through a Monkey, whch had been captured on a hunt by Motebyane and whch he had ordered hs brother to guard. Ths Monkey escaped, and after ts escape Motebyane havng been ll-treated by Motebele, left hs brother wth hs followers, wthdrew hs allegance, and settled hmself on Tsoenvane (Hedelberg). A battle between the two brothers followed n whch Motebele was beaten and forced to flee to the Zulus, where he obtaned re-nforcements. Wth these he returned and beseged hs brother; but fndng the latter had fortfed hmself too well, he had to wthdraw and fnally rejoned the Zulus. He was the founder of the Bacoeng Brtsh Bechuaraland. (These Zulus are not to be mstaken for Umzlkatze s Matebele).

11 2 Motebyane thus became the Chef of the Bahuruts and from ths tme the Trbe honoured the Monkey, (Tsoene), and adopted t as ther badge because t had been the cause or means by whch Motebyane had obtaned hs ndependence. After the sege by Motebele, the Bahuruts had to go to ther neghbours n search of food, but later on returned to Tsoenyane. Now follow eght Chefs about whom nothng s spoken. Pule, the nnth Chef, had two sons wh'o, after hs death, lved n dscord whch ended n open quarrel. The eldest, Manyane, was defeated n a trbal encounter, and settled on the Marco Rver, at Braklaagte, near Zeerust. Here at Borutoe, he and hs descendants lved, untl the Boers drove out the Chef Manope a great and powerful ruler, who then wth hs people, went to Dnare, near Kolobeng, Brtsh Protectorate; and there undfer Kountle, Manope s son, these Bahuruts were dvded nto three partes as follows : n The frst under Kountle, who remaned at Dnare, Brtsh Protectorate, The second under Sebogod, at Mocoed, Transvaal. * Th'e thrd under Shupng, at Lekgopung, Transvaal. Nong the eldest son of Manyane, became the founder of the Bootuckhbdu n Brtsh Bechuanaland. had ds Melore succeeded hs father Motebyane, as the eldest son Moshoane. appeared. Menoe, the younger brother of Manyane, after the establshment of hs rule ndependant of Manyane, became a powerful and beloved Chef. Menoe was succeeded by hs eldest son T hekshoe, after whbse death, Bokanyoe regned, as hs brother Terve, the real her, was not yet of age. Later on, Bokanyoe refused to hand the cheftanshp over to Terve, who then fled and sought help from the Bakwena of Bangoakets by whom Bokanyoe was deposed and klled. Whle Terve was wth the Bahuruts of Manyane, hs her, Moloe. who became Chef after hs father, was born. Hs eldest son Dbecoe who was a bad character, was banshed by the people and left wth hs followers for Thabaneng, Basutoland; whle hs brother Sebogod became Chef of the Bahuruts. t was durng hs regn when the Bahuruts encountered the Bakgatla n an acton whch resulted n the death of Sebogod. The Bakgatla were defeated and retreated to Brtsh Bechuanaland. Menoe the second havng ded whle stll a Mnor, Moloe s thrd son and younger brother to Sebogod, Duthuleng became Chef n successon to Sebogod. t was durng hs regn, that the Bahuruts fought a branch Trbe of the Basuto (the Maphathane), who were marchng through to the Zambez, when the Bahuruts are sad to have sustaned ther frst defeat. t s also sad that at that tme the frst whte man vsted the Bahuruts, whom they called Moro (probably from hs salutaton). Duthuleng was followed by Mokgatla, hs younger brother, who moved the Kraal to Mosga, (Buffelshoek), where they dd not reman very long. n 824, Umzlkatz came and conquered the Bahuruts wth scarcely any opposton. The trbe then fled to Taung, where they drove out the Bakotu (Barolong of Mokoto?) and settled down on the runs of the Batlapng only a few Bahuruts remanng at Mosga under Ramesegas Sechele. To strengthen hs poston Mokgatla had marred a woman from the famly of Menoe s. mother, n order, as he sad, to beget an her to Menoe. The two sons of ths woman, Motladele and Moloe, were thus presented as the rghtful hers. t appears that Lncoe, another clamant to the Cheftanshp and perhaps an llegtmate son of one of Sebogode s wves, who had lved wth Matope, Chef of the Bakwena-Ba-Kubung caused some trouble. Mokgatla thereupon retred to Kolos (Ventersdorp), takng Moloe. and hs followers wth hm. n 836, the Boers had drven out the Matabele, and thus Motladele remaned n Taung. n Kolos, Lncoe seems to have forced Moloe, and hs followers, to move to Rabogad (Vaalkop), where he formed an allance wth the Boers, H. Potgeter and Retef, and receved Lnokana from Martnus Pretorus as a dwellng place.

12 Lncoe was subsequently klled by the Barolong and Mokgatla, now very old, sent for Moloe. and all the Bahuruts, ncludng Motladele, Moloe s. brother, who then became reconcled. Moloe. then became the Chef and aded the Boers n ther Wars aganst the Mutsha, Makapana, and Mankopana. An Englsh Mssonary, who had been wth the Bahuruts, would appear at ths tme to have been compelled by the Boers to gve up hs work. n 850, he was replaced by some Mssonares of the Hermansburg Socety. Moloe. who had become a great ally of the Boers, ded on the 6th of July, 875, much lamented by Blacks and Whtes. Hs son Sebogod. succeeded hm, but hs regn was troubled by war wth Gopane, the brother of Lncoe, and before the queston of the successon could be settled, Sebogod. ded on the 9th of July, 877. After hs death the Brtsh Government recognsed hs son kalafeng as Chef; whle Gopane, receved Mauwane, for hs locaton, where he stll resdes wth hs followng. n 882, the Bahuruts, who had helped the Barolong, (Ba-ga-Matlata), aganst ther enemy, found t necessary to fortfy ther strongholds. By order of the Boers, these fortfcatons had to be broken down, but kalafeng refused to do ths. The Boers then appeared n force, and the Bahuruts fndng themselves too weak to fght, made an agreement, by whch they forfeted all ther stock. kalafeng, ded on the 24th of June, 893. After hs death, Pogsho the second son, became her to the cheftanshp whle stll a mnor, the eldest son havng ded. Hs uncle srael now acts as regent. Vvfw- The Bahuruts are thus represented n the Transvaal by the followng man Chefs, wth ther respectve followngs : (A) Pogsho, at Lnokana (the Her). (B) *Gopane, at Mauwane (Chef). Vsu*, (C) (D) Sebogod, at Moshud (Ch ef). Thebe, at Lekgofeng (Lekhophng), (Chef). Besdes these Trbes, there are many strans to be found amongst varous other Races or Trbes, but these are hardly of any mportance. Most of them have nter-marred wth the Trbes to whch they have submtted, only one s worthy of menton, vz. : The Bahuruts of Vnkrver, Zeerust, who left Lnokana about 800, on account of a dspute. Nearly all of them belong to the famly whch ruled the Bahuruts. These people are settled at Supng under the Petty Chef, Thebe. * Gopane. ded on the 3rd of October, 904, and Tom M okgatla, the Her, was apponted Chef.

13 4 4 G EN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAHURU TS C H EFS. Looe. Masloe l Malope Mohurutse. Kwene (^Founder of the Bakwena Trbes) Motebele (Founder of the Bacoeng of Brtsh Bechuanaland) Moshoane. Matebyane Melore Molope Kaled. Masloe l Moshoane n. Mohurutse n. Phacoane Modsane Pule Manyane Nong Sechele (Founder of the Bootuckhbdu) Modsane Brtsh Bechuanaland Mocur Terve Moloe. Thekshoe Menoe t. Bokanyoe Mosmane Mosmanyane Mokgatla Manoe Senos Sethbe Manope Kountle Sebogod (Mochudu Mosclele n the (Lncoe Transvaal) Brtsh Bechuanaland) Dbecoe Supeng Thebe (Transvaal) Sebogod Duthuleng Mokgatla Mookets Mokgatla n. Sekgomo l r hebeatlayoa Menoe n. (Ded no ssue) Lncoe Mokgatla Gopane (Transvaal) Motladele Moloe. Sebogod n. kalafeng srael Kobustse Ramogodr (Ded) Pogsho (Transvaal)

14 C hapter. B A K W E N A (BAKOENA). The Bakwena are descendants of the Bahuruts. They left the man Trbe after the death of Malope, who had two sons, Mohuruts. and Kwene., the latter becomng the founder of the Bakwena Race. At present ths race s represented by a good many ndependent Trbes wthn the Transvaal, as well as n Basutoland and Brtsh Bechuanaland. Of those lvng wthn the Transvaal, the followng are most worthy of notce : (A) BAKW ENA-BA-KUBUNG. Present Chef, Solomon Ratheo Monnakhotle. The farms owned by the Trbe are : Elandsfonten, (665) and Palmetfonten, (666). The Trbe numbers 70 souls. The Bakwena-ba-Kubung also earned th e name of Ba-Kgofa, (Tcks) owng to ther retanng ther hold on any captured cattle. The frst Chef of ths Secton of the Bakwena was Monkhatotse, under whom ths people orgnally trekked from Looe to Mokelkel (West of Selonstad), Rustenburg, where they fought the Matau, were beaten, and fled to Motlakotsosoe, (near Olphant s Neck) at whch* place Monkhatotse ded. Nothng defnte s known about ths Trbe untl the regn of Tstsuane who had two sons : Mogale and Matope. The Trbe, however, made Matope the younger son, Chef, and Mogale was beaten, and consequently fled to the Matau. Ths was n about the year 800. After Matope s death, Bogos, (Kuantle) ruled the trbe for hs son Monguane who was too young. Umzlkatz s mpes then arrved, and klled Monguane. Sehupatele, son of Mogale, who had to leave the Trbe, now came upon Bogos, whom he found wth a few people at Mayne, and klled hm. He hmself, however, was soon afterwards klled by the Trbe. The next her now was Ratheo Monnakhotle, son of Kuantle (Bogos), brother of Mogale and Matope, at that tme a prsoner of Umzlkatz. The Trbe, however, stole hm and he thus became Chef, rulng over the people n the Cave of Lepalo, where they had retreated n fear of the Matebele. n 839, the Boers arrved under H. Potgeter, drove the Matebele out and ordered the Ba Kubung to leave th e Caves, and to go to Motlako; the Natves, however, refused consentng only to send ther cattle there. The Boers now fought Makapaan, and commandeered Monnakhotle. On hs return hs Trbe nformed hm, that ther Chef was lvng wth the Bahuruts, meanng Lecle, son of Malobane, the latter really beng, the wfe of the Bahuruts Ch ef, Sebogod. Malobane lved wth Matope, the Ba Kubung Chef, for some tme, and th'ere gave brth to Lecle (or Lncoe). Monnakhotle, however, would not recognse ths llegtmate cousn, but as some of th( Trbe wshed to recognse Lecle as Chef, Monnakhotle went to Potchefstroom about the matter, where Potgeter sad to hm : told you to stay at Elandsfonten (Molote), now you, whom we recognse as Chef, have fetched Lecle, and thus rased a dspute; you wll leave your present stad, and get scattered amongst the farmers. Monnakhotle, consequently went to Potchefstroom, but later on left for Helbron, Orange Rver Colony, where he ded. Ratheo hs son, returned and bought Elandsfonten (Molote) for the Trbe. Another dspute now arose between Ratheo and Lecle as to the Cheftanshp. Ths dspute was brought to Mr. P. Joubert, at Pretora, who, however, referred the partes to Mokhatle. Mokhatle then sent messengers to the Bahuruts, n order to ask whom they thought was the rghtful Chef. The Bahuruts recognsed Ratheo, as Chef, and Lecle, after recevng the money pad by hm and hs followers for Elandsfonten, left and settled

15 6 wth hs son Matope Matope. Ths Secton s now resdng on Cyferfonten (953). Ratheo s son was Monnakhotle Monnakhotle, whose son Solomon Ratheo Monnakhotle s the present Chef at Elandsfonten. (B) BAKWENA-BA-FOKENG (PHOKENG). Present C hef: Molotleg, August Mokgatle. Resdence: Fokeng, Berfonten, 432, Rustenburg. Populaton : 968 Souls. The tradtons of ths secton of the Bakwena Trbe go to show that they crossed the Sahara Desert from the drecton of Egypt, ther ancestors separatng from the Bahuruts, near the Equator under the Chef Kwene, who called them Bakwena (hs, Kwene s People). The frst Chef after Kwene, known to the Natves of ths secton was Nape. When the Bakwena reached the Transvaal at or near Tweedepoort, a Secton contnued South to Thaba Ntshu, callng themselves Bakwena-Ba-Motlatla (Wanderers), n contradstncton to those who remaned behnd under the sad Chef Nape, Bakwena- Ba-Fokeng (Bakwena of the Veldt, or Outcasts or Tares). The Ba-Fokeng then proceeded to Boschpoo'??. No authentc partculars are obtanable before the regn of Sekete. w ho had three sons Ptsoe, Lale (or Dale), and Khants. The people dd not lke Ptsoe, and made the second son, Dale, Chef. Ptsoe then fled takng hs old father who was fond of hm, and settlng at Bopoe (Buffelshoek), where hs father Sekete, ded. Ptsoe then returned to Dale and was made a Kgosane (Petty Chef). Dale had four sons; Ramoroa, Ramogarrj Tlas, and Ntee. When Dale grew old, the Bahuruts accordng to Custom, wanted to castrate all the bulls. Lale s sons, however, objected to ths, and a conflct ensued n whch the Bahuruts were defeated. The son of ther Chef Thebe was klled n ths acton and thus the Nek at Morgenson, where t took place, was henceforth called Fata-ea-Mathebe (Mathebe s Nek). From that tme the Bakwena refused to acknowledge allegance to the Bahuruts. Dale ded the followng year, hs son Ramoroa. becomng Chef after h m. Ramoroa s eldest son, Mutle, wshed to supplant hs father but was beaten and returned to hs father, who pardoned hm. Later on, he re-started fghtng, but was agan beaten, and retred wth cattle to the Bapo. After a tme he returned and posoned hs father whereupon hs brother Sekete V, attacked hm and he was defeated. He eventually pershed n a ht whch was burnt down by Sekete s followers. Sekete V, then became Chef. He was greater than all the Chefs of the Ba-Fokeng and had many chldren. The followng are some of hs sons : Thethe, hs her, Nameng, Noge, Mogots, Molfe, Ptsoe, Ramoroa, Mokhue, Manaana, Ratsogoana, and Marantsane. He successfully fought several other Natve Trbes, nducng the Bapo, the Matau and the Batlokoa. Ultmately the U<tlol*pa, asssted by the Bakgatfa, captured hm, whereupon, Bogatsu th e Chef of the Batlokoa, klled Sekete V, under a tree (called Sekete after hm), and whch s standng to the present day at Sefoft^VKraaL flc d M * _* > As Thethe the her was a mnor, hs uncle Katane, ruled the Trbe. When Thethe became of age, hs uncle refused to hand over the control of the Trbe, and a bg engagement took place durng wh'ch Katane was klled. Thethe who then assumed the Cheftanshp had sx sons, vz. : Dale (who ded young), Mokgatle, Molothleg, Molfe, Lefats, and Pogoe. Durng Thethe s regn, the Ba-Fokeng came nto frequent conflct wth the Bakgatla, Bamatau, and Bapo. He gave hs brothers, Nameng and Noge, consderable power, placng the welfare of the people n Nameng s hands. These brothers, after some tme, fcught and overcame Thethe, at the Cattle Kraals near Beestekraal, who fled wth a few people and joned the Matau where hs wfe and her (Mokhatle), joned hm. From here he sent two karosses and some tobacco to Sekwate, Chef of the (Sekukun) Baped, wth a request for assstance, aganst hs brothers. n response to the call Sekwate came wth all the Chefs n the East, fought and decmated the Ba-Fokeng under Nameng and Noge, and

16 7 returned home wth a number of captured men, women, chldren and cattle. Many of the Ba-Fokeng are consequently to be found scattered over the country today. Nameng was only Chef a month after ths, as he was klled n the frst engagement wth the Bapo. Noge now proclamed hmself Chef, and had a few encounters wth the Matau, where Thethe had taken refuge. The latter then retreated to the Batlokoa and from there to the Ba-Fokeng at the Vaal Rver. On hs arrval Thethe was klled and hs body was bured by Noge at Matsukubane (Hex Rver). The Ba-Fokeng and Matau now lved n peace. t was durng Noge s rule that Umzlkatz arrved at M Pane (Umzlkatz s Nek). He fought and vanqushed the Ba- Fokeng, when Noge took flght to Thaba Ntshu, Orange Rver Colony, where he ded. Mokgatle and hs mother, who had remaned wth th'e Matau after Thethe s flght, returned after some wanderngs to Fokeng. Hs people hearng of hs arrval gradually returned. Mokgatle marred hs cousn, Ma-Tmagole, who had a son, Tmagole. Besdes ths wfe, he had two other wves of the people. By the frst, he had a son named Dkeled, and by the second, Johannes and other sons. Untl the defeat of Umzlkatz by the Boers, Mokgatle* was subject to the Matebele, but after ths he went wth Mogale to fetch the Boers at Vaal Rver. For ths act, he was gven the farm Kookfonten by H. Potgeter, whch was afterwards taken away from hm. t was durng Mokgatle s rule that the Mssonares arrved, and at the present day the Ba-Fokeng People are nearly all Chrstans. Tomagole (Tmagole) who became Chef after hs father, led a quet and uneventful lfe, and on hs death was succeeded by hs son, the her, Molotleg (or August Mokgatle). He s the present Chef. Besdes the farm mentoned above as the resdence of the Chef, the Trbe owns a good many other farms. (C) BAKW ENA-BA-M AGOPA. Present Chef,: Johannes Otto Mamogale More. Actng Chef :- Danel More. Resdence: Losperfonten (Bethane), Rustenburg. Populaton : n Rustenburg Dstrct, Besdes the above farm, the Trbe owns several farms n the Rustenburg and also n the Pretora Dstrct. Ths secton of the Bakwena, also seems to be descended from the Bahuruts and thus Malope. Chef of the Bahuruts and father of Kwene founder of the Bakwena Races, would also be the ancestor of ther Chefs. The frst Chef known to the Bakwena-Ba-Magopa of today was Mutle. Ths name also appears n the Genealogcal Table of the Bakwena-Ba-Fokeng. Mutle had two wves, vz. : the mother of Kwene, and Mangwato. After hs death the Trbe was dvded between the two women. The people of Mangwato called themselves Ba-Mangwato declnng to be called, Ba-Ma-Kwene (people of Ma-Kwene). A dspute arose, and they left the Ba-Ma-Kwene. Kwene, Chef of the Ba-Ma-Kwene,had a son called Theyane(small sheld),who had a son named Mphela(Health). Mphela had two sons : Nuaketse and Motsuasele. Nuaketse left hs fath er and brother n a tme of famne and called hs followers Ba-Nuaketse. Motsuasele, the second son, then became Chef of the Ba-Kwene and he called them, Bakwena-Ba-Kgabo-Ea-Mullo (Flames of Fre). Setlarre, the son of Nuaketse, later on separated from hs father, became Chef and re-named the Trbe Bakwena. Nothng mportant now happened untl the accesson of Lyoe, who ded young after a short rule. He marred a woman of the Trbe Magayane, named Ma Tupe, daughter of Mogale, who gave brth to More (Moroa Nare, son of the Buffalo). Later on he marred hs cousn, who, after hs death gave brth to Letsoko. Lyoe was klled by the Bakgatla whle huntng buffaloes. Hs son More was therefore called Moroa Nare (son of the Buffalo). More then became a powerful Chef and managed the Trbe wth conspcuous success. He gave Tsoko, hs brother, a wfe and the command of a regment, called Macecele (Old Men). More s Weadkraal was at Mamogale s

17 ]8 Laagte, Pretora Dstrct, and was called Mapana-a-Ma-Suana (Lttle Black Stones). He was surrounded by the Bapo on the West, Bakgatla on the North and on the East by the Matsutsa (Aman Debele), and the Matlakwana. When he got old he wshed to hand over the Cheftanshp to the rghtful her, Le Tsoko, and therefore called a bg Ptso (meetng). After ths he moved to Mannatlal (Moletlane, Waterberg Dstrct). As paramount Chef, Letsoko at once commenced to exercse hs authorty n such a way that More and hs people rose aganst hm but were defeated. More then sent to Sekete, Chef of the Bakwena-Ba-Fokeng, nformng hm how Letsoko treated the people. Sekete nvted More and Letsoko, wth ther people, to a Ptso to dscuss the matter, when t was decded that More and Letsoko should fght t out amongst themselves. Fearng the result of an encounter Letsoko gave way and More agan became Chef, movng wth hs followers to Mannatlal (Moletlane), Waterberg Dstrct. These followers were of the Magopa Secton,.e.: The Magayane, Batlane of Molbane, Barolong, Baphutng, Serogole, etc. The rest remaned wth Letsoko. At ths tme More made an allance wth the Bakgatla-Ba-Mosetla, under Chef Mush. Letsoko, who had come to the Chef Mush for protecton aganst hs people, who were tred of hs rule, was badly treated by Mush. He thereupon returned to More, and lved wth the latters eldest son, Segoate (Sekwate). Letsoko subsequently quarrelled wth Segoate by whom he was klled. After ths More asssted the Bakgatla-Ba-Mosetla aganst the Mamarama and succeeded n defeatng them. He also defeated the Matsutsa, who had stolen hs cattle. Some tme later, the Bakwena, who had left Letsoko, returned to More, whct fought the Bakgatla. Segoate, who was n command, succeeded n over-comng the Bakgatla. Ths engagement was the cause of contnual fghtng between the Bakgatla and the Bakwena-Ba-Magopa. The Bakwena, however, succeeded n repellng the Bakgatla, although the latter had obtaned assstance from the Bahwaduba Ba-Moletlane-Ba-Mako and Seab. The Bakwena also defeated the Bapo. The Bakwena-Ba-Magopa then lved n peace untl the Matabele arrved by whom they were defeated wth the loss of both More and hs son Segoate. Segoate s sons, Motsle, and Tete (or Mamogale), however, escaped. The former wth a number of followers, went to resde at Penaar s Rver and Mamogale to Zoutpan. The Bakwena-Ba-Magopa now had to acknowledge Umzlkatz as Chef and had to conform to the Matabele customs. They were not treated well and consequently Motsle mgrated wth a number of the Trbe to somewhere near Petersburg, probably to Moletsh. Mamogale also moved to Desetloe, near Aapes Rver, wth all hs followers; some of the Bakwena, however, remaned wth Umzlkatz under ther Headman Moganyane. Mamogale soon returned wth hs followers and dssenson arose between hm and Moganyane whch resulted n the flght or the latter to the juncton of twe Hex and Eland Rvers (Matcakhame). About ths tme, Motsle ded and thus Mamogale was recognsed as Supreme Chef of the Bakwena-Ba-Magopa. They now lved peaceably wth the Matebele, untl the arrval of the Zulu Chef Tshaka (Chaka), who drove the Matebele and the Bakwena combned to Zeerust (Molkwe). After the Zulus had returned home, Umzlkatz came back to hs Kraals and there no more fghtng took place untl the advent of the Boers at the Vaal Rver (Lekwe), by whom the Matebele were forced across the Magalesberg, the Bakwena quetly resdng under Mamogale. As they had no cattle they went to the Boers, who suppled them wth stock n return for labour. An arrangement was entered nto under whch Mamogale was to supply the Boers wth labour and was to punsh or kll all Natves who ran away from the Boers. Dslkng ths undertakng he left wth a large number of followers for the borders of Basutoland where he remaned untl the year 868 when he brought the majorty back to what s now Bethane. Mamogale ded after hs son Rakane, and was succeeded by hs grandson Lerothod, who was born n 86.

18 Lerothod (Jacobus), ded n Rustenburg Town Locaton, n 903. As hs son, Johannes Otto Mamogale was stll a mnor, Danel More was apponted actng Chef. These Bakwena are now nearly all Chrstans. Sectons of ths Trbe also lve at Jercho and Hebron, Pretora Dstrct. (C a) M OLETSH, M OTHLALOGA. Actng Chef : Serpa Moloto. Her : Seshgo. Resdence : Moletsh, Zoutpansberg. Populaton : 379, adult males. Besdes these there s a small Clan under Nkwane who, although ndependent, are sad to speak the same dalect as the Moletsh. They number 250 Souls. The Bathlaloga of Moletsh clam to have come from the vcnty of Pretora under Moshebud, who probably s ether Motsle, brother of Mamogale, of the Bakwena-Ba- Magopa, or hs son. They say they left the Pretora Dstrct because tfte Matebele ll-treated them. Some of the Moletsh people are met wrth n the Hedelberg Dstrct. They were captured by the Boers and ndentured to the farmers there. (C b.) BAKW ENA-BA-M OLM OSANA. t wll be noted that the Bakwena-Ba-Molmosana are represented by four Sectons as follows : No.. B a- R am an am ela. Th'e Chef of the whole Trbe under whose rule separatons took place was Molmosana, who dvded the Trbe nto four dvsons gvng one each to hs sons. The followers of Manamela the eldest, were called Ba-Ramanamela. Ths Secton, however, was conquered by the Tau Secton. They lved at the mouth of the Koedoe Rver untl 860, when they left on account of the harsh treatment of a Feld-Cornet for the Orange Rver Colony. n 877, one Part of them returned, callng themselves Ra- Maubane (Bellows); these had years ago mgrated from Moshesh, and had lved wth the Ramanamela. They honour the Lon (Tau). Eventually the Ba-Manamela returned to ther old home and lved under the Ma-Tau. Moleh s the present Chef. He gathered together a number of people, the majorty of w^hom lve on farms. No. 2. B a-m olm osana (M a ak a). Khunong, the second son of Molmosana, became Chef of ths Secton and the Trbe was also called Ba-Maaka, after hs son Maaka (Le). Durng the rule of Rampe, they moved from Looe to Kamate (Bullhoek), thence to Motlakane (Selon s Kraal), and fnally to Boatsanagano, where Rampe ded. Nothng further s known of the trbe untl the tme of Lklele and the nvason of Umzlkatz, who put men, women, and chldren to death. Lklele fled to the Zambez wth a Chef, Sbetoane, whom he had fought aganst. He ded on the way chldless. Tebenare or Thebenare (Ratsega or Ra-asaga as he was called by the Boers) then became Chef, and returned wth the remnants of the people to Boatsanagano, and from there to Manale (Koedoefonten). The Boers now arrved and drove the Matebele across the Lmpopo. But before hs retreat Umzlkatz re-captured hs cattle whch were guarded by Thebenare s people for the Boers, at the same tme kllng nearly the whole Secton of the Molmosana. Legoale became Chef n 889, and was recognsed by the Boers. They are now nearly all Chrstans. Resdence: lartebeestfonten (Schem No. 57), Koedoesfonten (No. 644). Populaton : 822 Souls.

19 ArtjK vvu U'A * <r 20 V - \.. 4. ^ v /(/V'X. Ksbrl l/\x*» N o. 3 Ba-Ma-Tau. 5 ^ c ^ W w Ths Secton s called after Tau, one of Molmosana s sons, who was succeeded by Pulane (Cashane), who was drven by the Matebele nto the Orange Rver Colony. The letter was succeeded by Maseloane, under whom the Trbe returned to Potchefstroom, where they were found by the late Sr Theophlus Shepstone n 880. Selon alas Lekgatle succeeded hs father and brought the people back to Molokoane. After an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the place, he eventually acqured the present Farm Grootwagendrft, 743, map 8, called Ma-Tau, where hs son, Thebe Maseloane or Herman Selon now rules as Chef. After Lekgatle s death and before the present Chef could return, Sefanyetso (hs uncle), managed to wn over many of the people, and moved to hs present ste on the Selon s Rver. A number of the Ma-Tau are n the Orange Rver Colony, and at Potchefstroom, but they contnue to pay trbute to ther Chef at Plansberg. Populaton at Plansberg : Men Women Chldren T o tal No. 4. Ba-Matlaku. Ths Sub-Secton of the Bakwena-ba-Molmosana was founded by the fourth son of Molmosana; he was called ether Senegal, Moraku, or Setlaku (Hoof of an Ox). From ths name the Trbe derved ts name. Nothng worth' mentonng happened untl the tme of Malnts, under whose rule the Trbe had grown rch n cattle, whch were captured by the Baped under Sekwate. After surrenderng to the Matebele Chef Umzlkatz, the Trbe fled beyond the Vaal Rver. n 860, they returned under Tambuse, and settled near Brakkloof. n 869, ths Chef bought Zandfonten now the Msson Staton Pella, wth some adjonng land. He ded n 893, and was succeeded by hs son Gasbone, who was deposed n 896, and succeeded by hs younger brother, Sehum, upon whose death n 902, the thrd son of Tambuse, Mashome. became Chef. He was, h(owever, not recognsed by the Transvaal Government and so the Cheftanshp reverted to the eldest brother Gasbone n the same year. (D) B A K W E N A-B A-PA LAN E. Ths Trbe s an off-shoot of the Bakwena Trbe of Bechuanaland, whose Chef Pukwe had two sons, Mochud and Letlape. After hs death, these brothers had a quarrel. An open conflct ensued n whch Letlape and hs followers were defeated, and fled to Gopane where they settled on the farm Grootfonten, 45, Map 26 and 27, near the juncton of the Ber Sprut wth the Crocodle Rver. Letlape thus became the founder of the Phalane Trbe. Resdence and Property : Ramakok s Kraal, 307, and Geluk. Populaton : Men Women Chldren Total At the place where they settled there were many Roobuck (Phala) on wh^ch they lved. They were therefore called Ba-Phalane (People of the Roobuck).

20 2 Letlape was succeeded by hs son, Makoka, who travelled North to Mapela-Land, where he, wth the Ba-Bedd, succeeded n establshng hmself. Havng been successful n hs fghts aganst the Ba-Nareng, the Chef Mafod, of the Ba-Phalane started a War aganst the Mapela, who were slowly encroachng from the East. Ths desultory W ar contnued untl Mafod s death, and the accesson of hs son Moatse to the Cheftanshp. A force of Matebele then appeared and routed the Ba-Phalane. The Ba-Mapela now took advantage of the shattered force of the Ba-Phalane and drove them to ther present ste at Phalane or Ramakok s Kraal, 307, Map 9, where they came n touch wth the Bakgatla ther alles. After Moatse s death, Bethuel Ramakoka became Chef. The Ba-Phalane were accompaned on ther retreat to the South by a large number of Ba-Bedd, whb are now so ntermngled wth them that they form one trbe. n the chef vllage they are mostly Lutheran Chrstans. About 30 years ago many Ba-Phalane left ther Chef because he had treated them badly. One party s now settled at Vleeschfonten, Zeerust, under the Headman Stephen Mosese. (E) B A K W E N A AT U T K JK M SSON STATON, NEA R V EN T ERSD O RP. These Bakwena clam to be of the same Trbe as the Bechuanaland Bakwena, but do not know why and when th'ev parted from the older Branch. Late s supposed to be the common ancestor of both. Tsats s sad to have come down from beyond the Moloa Reserve wth hs followng and to have settled at what s now Kaffr s Kraal, near Ventersdorp, whence they removed to Gatsrand n the Potchefstroom Dstrct, and resded near Deel-Kraal. Here Molefe became Chef on Moroe s death. He was succeeded by hs son Seemsho durng whose mnorty the trbe was ruled by hs uncle Magalamakoe. Under Seemsho, these Bakwena removed to Motshuapetloang or Lappfonten, on the Schoonsprut, Potchefstroom Dstrct. Whle there, the Barolong who were drven ^ut ot Khunwane by Umzlkatz, came and settled at Thabeng or Busfonten, about 6 mles from Lappfonten. Seemsho ded at Platberg, leavng no male ssue. Lettoyane, who had marred hs daughter then became Chef. The Trbe was then attacked by three or four smaller Trbes, dspersed bv the Matebele, and eventually Umzlkatz appeared hmself, and drove the Bakwena to Makwasse, where they placed themselves under Shunelo s (Ch'ef oc the Barolong) protecton. n March 878 Lettoyane moved to the present Msson Staton Utkjk, whch was purchased by the Wesleyan Msson Socety for hm. As Lettoyane was now very old, hs son, Petros Malefo, acted for hm. t s alleged that these Natves contrbuted a part of the purchase prce of the farm. Lettoyane and Petros Malefo, both ded at Utkjk, and Mela Malefo, son of Petros Malefo, s now the recognsed Headman there. The majorty of the Trbe are stll at Thaba NtslVu or scattered about the country, there beng no room for them on the Msson Farm. (F) B A K W E N A N LYDEN B U RG, ZOUTPANSBERG, AND M D D ELB U RG DSTRCTS. j)( 0kotvc; = BRS lu lo ' No.. The Mongotana s part of whom are at present lvng at Delokueng, Lydenburg, under Paswan, son of Magosh. No. 2. A part of the above Trbe under Kgalagadshe, son of a younger brother of Paswan, who are at present lvng on Meerlust, No. 33, North Mddelburg. No. 3. Bakopa, part of whom under the Chef Ramapudu, lve on Ret Kloof, 509, North Mddelburg, and part at Botshabelo Msson Staton, near Mddelburg. Ths Trbe (the Bakopa), dvded nto three sectons after the death of Boleo (father of Ramapudu), and ther Chefs are : () Kgope, alas Mpage; (2) Ramapudu; (3) Mamatloa. No, 4. n Zoutpansberg there are a few Bakwena under Ragwatu, near Wurub, whch s stuated on the Southern sde of Sekop s present Locaton. East

21 22 / GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAKWENA-BA-KUBUNG C H EFS. Monkhatotse Leube Mokhatle! Nkabane Tlogoe Tstsuane Mogale Matope Kuantle^ (Bogos) Malobane (wfe) Ma Monguane (wfe) Ma Motobane (wfe) Ratheo Monnakhotle Ma Moque. * Lecle Monguane Monnakhotle Monnakhotle (Lncoe?) (ded young) Ratheo Monnakhotle Matope Matope Monnakhotle Monnakhotle Matope Matope Solomon Ratheo Monnakhotle (Present Chef ) * Lecle (Ln coe?) was the llegtmate son of a wfe of the Bahuruts Chef, Sebogod, who lved wth the Chef Matope (?)

22 < ' C L ' j \ ^ * * * \u. t f l v u t - Kt c. J \ 23 }ade \ f t J c \ j u g * ^MU ju~ fuv bs*+**. /**?wvv^u. &4V» t o J* S^/vAv^ " T (,_ SoWWftC l v ^ ^ GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAKWENA-BA-FOKENG C H EFS. No.. Nape > 2. Setsete 3* Mutle >» 4- Phogole >) 5- Maree > 6. Khulo >5 7- Molubane >) 8. Phate 9- Maphate O. Mafole. Mekhse ' *. 2. Morapel» 3* M pur u» 4- Tsuane s- Ramoroa. 6. Sekete 7-8.» * Fokeng (Phokeng) jy^ /L ^ *- 4^ t t lw C t u ^ «Ramoroa.! Sekete. Mogono Magobe Monoe t> 23.»> 24-» 25. Sekete n. Lale (Dale) Ramoroa n. ^ m x w u /* Mutle l^w v - ^ vwt- (Klled no ssue) Sekete v. Katane -^vvc t tl* \rc*$^a l^vlcv T^vC^/tuc Thethe Nameng <c Noge Lale (Ded no ssue) Mokhatle /V<J/ Tmagole C X J^ S^/ & 8^6 Molotleg (August Mokhatle) C <W L a. M 6 W j A tl^ u U u 4?. (Present Chef) u (J h «u ^ tu. TVvw^U- ^3?. p*. -v / V -

23 24 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAKWENA-BA-MAGOPA C H EFS. Mutle Kwena (Kuene) Theyane Mphela! Nuakets Setlarre Magopa Sehke. Lyoe More Ngwato Le Tsoko (no ssue) Segoate (Sekwate) Mamogale j Rakane Lerothod (Jacobus More Mamogale) Johannes Otto Mamogale More (The Her) GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE M OLETSH C H EFS. Moshebud Ramanyoba Seshgo (Her) Serpa Moloto (Actng Chef)

24 2 a BAKWENA-BA-MOLMOSANA. GEN EALOGCAL TREE. Manamela Moleh or Ramaubana (Present Chef of the Ba-Ramanamela. Subordnate to the Ba-Matau). ' Lklele (no ssue) Khunong Maaka l Makhose Magoborane Malts Moyakhomo Rampe Khosnane Legoale Thebenare or Ratsega Legoale or Andres (^Present Chef of the Ba-Molmosana) Tau Monyane Molmosana ( kttle God) Matau [ Tau Pulane or Cashane Maseloane Lekgatle or Selon Thebe Maseloane or Herman Selon (Present Chef of the Ba-Matau) J Gasbone Sehume (Present Chef of the Ba-Matlaku) Senegal Setlaku Morare. Maleg Mope Moshuane. Cael l Matlabane Leseyane Malnts Tlapeng Moshome. Tambuse f ^ ^ or Thabuse r Moshome. UAKWENA-BA-PHALANE G E N E ALOGCAL TR E E. P uk we Mochud (Bechuanaland) ShTU Uvvv fc-w

25 B A K W EN A AT U T K Y K. G EN EALOGCAL TREE. Late Tsats Moroe Molefe. Seemsho Lusobane (grl) Marred to... Magalamakoe Lettoyane Petros Malefo j Mela Malefo (Present C hef) flrvw ^ *C ( t A^cLtoL- Wvtt. X- flrvw 0 l&n ttu^cw-v ttvc*» 4

26 BAKGATLA (BAKHATLA). The Bakgatla appear to trace ther hstory back to ther Chefs Molope and Mokgatla, from whom they derved ther name as a people. t s, however, mpossble to say how these Chefs were related to each other. As these names also appear n the Genealogcal Tree of the Bahuruts Chefs, and as the Bakgatla themselves look upon the Bahuruts as the Bakgatla-Ba-Bagolo (Hgh Bakgatla), t may be safely assumed that the Bakgatla are descended from the Bahuruts. n former days they ware called Ba-Kgabo-Ea-Mello (People of the Fre Flames), by whch name the Bakwena-Ba-Magopa, when under Mphela, were also known. Upon the death of Mokgatla, the Trbe broke up nto two sectons, for reasons unknown, as follows : No.. The Bakgatla n the Bakgatla Reserve; known as the Bakgatla of Kgafela Bechuanaland. No. 2. The Bakgatla n the Transvaal whch later on formed nto three dstnct Sub-Sectons, as follows : (A) (B) (C) Ba-Mosetla. Ba-Makau. Ba-Mutsha. C h ap ter V. No.. B a k g a tla of K g afela Ths Secton of the Bakgatla Trbe, frst moved to Molokwane, at the juncton of the Aapes and Crocodle Rvers. Ther Chefs were xmatsegoe and Kgafela. Maslane succeeded Kgafela. Maslane, who had several fghts wth the Batlako, moved hs headquarters to Huma, near Saulspoort at Modderkul, 565, Map 9, where the Trbe remaned for some years. Under Phetoe, the Trbe was joned by many alens more partcularly by Bakwena-Ba- Phalane and now became very strong. They made several successful cattle-rads aganst each of the surroundng Trbes, vz.: The Ba-Matau, Batlako, Batlokwa, Ba-Fokeng, Ba- Magopa, Bangwaketse, and Bahuruts. On the death of Phetoe, hs brother Sneloe, klled the rghful her Dtsebe and became Chef. Durng Motlotle s Cheftanshp, these Bakgatla were attacked and defeated by the Basebetoane on ther way to the Botletle Rver. Motlotle and hs partcular adherents fle<ft6tvelorane (Vleeschfonten, Marco), but was overtaken and klled. Plane, the second son of Phetoe, then became Chef. Umzlkatz tten appeared and the Bakgatla fndng that they were too weak to fght the Matebele, pad them trbute and served as cattle-herds. When the Matebele were eventually drven out by the Boers, Plane collected hs scattered people and bult a Kraal at Rhenosterfonten, 887, on the Elands Rver. Here he ded and was succeeded by Khamanyane. The Boers then began to encroach upon the country, and made the Bakgatla work. The Bakgatla dd not lke ther treatment and took refuge under Chef Sechele at Mo^hud. Lnchwe, who at ths tme succeeded Khamanyane as Chef, refused to pay trbute demanded by Sechele who thereupon ordered hs eldest son Sebele (now Chef of those Bakwena), to attack the Bakgatla. He was defeated, and a desultory War then waged, from 875 to 878, when peace was made and the Bakgatla hold ther present Reserve by rght of conquest. Lnchwe then bought the followng farms, or parts of farms of Saulspoort, 269. Half of Modderkul, 565. ^ The whole of Holfonten, 593,^ ^ The whole of Holfonten, ^ / jj, g j \ f y 2. s* *7 ( C f y ~ * f 7 M t % v trf /O * v%*. < *>

27 28 for hs people who had remaned n the Transvaal, appontng hs brother Ramono These Natves have lvng wth them many Matebele, Bakwena-Ba-Phalane, Ba-Bedd, the latter havng joned the Bakgatla whle Phetoe was Chef. and Besdes these, some Petty Chefs are sad to have left the Rustenburg Dstrct n 864, and to have settled on farms n the Hedelberg Dstrct. No. 2. B akg a tla of M o s e t l a. These Bakgatla seem to trace back the hstory of ther Secton of the Bakgatla Race, to the Chef Mogal, who s sad to have been a brother of Tabane, the ancestor of the Maof ths Kau and Mutsha dvsons. A table of the Chefs of these Sectons wll be found at thfe end chapter. t was durng the regn of Mogale that the Bakgatla, who remaned n the Transvaal, dvded nto several Sub-Dvsons Tabane, Mogale s brother, and ancestor of the Ma-Kau, and Mutsha (Bakgatla Chefs), leavng the Trbe for what s now known as Schldpadfonten, whle Mogale remaned at Lroleng n the Dstrct of Rustenburg, whence he later on- moved to what s now known as Makapan s Locaton, havng drven out the Bakwena Trbes who had settled there. They were then under the Chef Mosetla, from whom the Trbe derved ts name. Durng Skoane s rule, a petty Chef was allowed to leave and settle wth hs followng at the Bultfonten, Pretora Dstrct. Whle Nchaupe, who was the real her was stll a mnor, hs uncle Makanye M as chef. t was durng the latter s regency that ths secton of the Bakgatla left for Bechuanaland on account of a famne. Whlst there, Nchaupe became of age but Makanye was not wllng to gve up the Cheftanshp, and thus the Trbe was agan dvded. Nchaupe wth hs people returned to the Transvaal, and Makanye emgrated to the North of the Zambez, where hs Trbe s now wth the Barotse. After Nchaupe s return to the Transvaal, the Matebele ncurson took place, and Nchaupe fndng that he was not strong enough to resst them, fled to Makapanspoort, Pet Potgeter s Rust; hs brother Thpe, however, remaned at Makapanstad wth the rest of the people. When Nchaupe returned from P. P. s Rust, hs brother refused to agan submt to hm, a struggle ensued n whch Thpe was klled. Nchaupe was succeeded by hs son, Makapan, who came n conflct wth the Boers. Fndng them too strong the Bakgatla fortfed themselves n th'e Ratlohane Mountans (Kransberg), on the Matlaba Rver, where Makapan ded. When hs son, Makhotshane was stll a mnor, Makapan s brother, Mathbe ruled the trbe. He removed wth the people to Ret Sprut, Waterberg. When Makhotshane became of age, the Trbe underwent another dvson, Mathbe leavng wth a followng and settlng at Matlalastad, Waterberg, where hs son, Salatel Makapan, now rules as Chef, whle Makhotshane remaned at Ret Sprut. From ths place he was compelled to leave by the owner of the farm, ;r.d he then settled at Makapanstad, Pretora Dstrct, where he ded; hs brother Solomon Makapan, who now rules the Trbe, then succeeded hm as Chef. Ths Secton of the Bakgatla has been reduced consderably owng to ts frequent dsmemberment, and the scatterng of many of ts members over the Waterberg and Pretora Dstrcts on Boer farms. Some of the Chefs were permtted to purchase farms on whch they establshed themselves such as: Makapanstad and Schldpadfonten, n the Pretora Dstrct.

28 29 No. 3. B a k g a tla of M a k a u. The Makau-Bakgatla were formerly one secton wth the Mutsha, but separated from the latter after the regn of Tabane, who had settled at Schldpadfonten. The cause of the separaton was a dspute as to the cheftanshp between hs sons, Lale and Matlasane. Lale then left Matlasane who remaned wth hs followng at Schldpadfonten. The Ba-Makau are then sad to have proceeded North of the Lmpopo Rver, eventually comng back and settlng at Marula s Kop, Waterberg Dstrct, where they remaned untl the Matebele of Umzlkatz drove them further North. Motsepe, who was then rulng the Trbe, retred to the Mapela settlement, where an encounter took place n whch he was klled and the Trbe defeated. Fndng that the Matebele had turned back and settled at Umzlkatz s Nek (Pretora Dstrct), the Ma-Kau returned to Manla s Kop. Durng the rule of Seamoge or Sjambok, they were attacked and drven by the Kekaan N Debele from that place and subsequently settled at Vechtkop or Sjambok s Old Kraal, after havng been moved by the Boers from what s now called Hebron. From Vechtkop they were allowed to settle at Hoekfonten, where they are lvng at the present day. Seamoge ded n 888, when he was succeeded by the present Chef, Moems, hs second son, who s gettng on n years. The Baped, who once belonged to ths Sub-Secton of the Bakgatla wll be dealt wth n the followng Chapter. The Ma-Kau derved ther name from Ma-Kau (mother of Kau). TABANE. When these Bakgatla were lvng at Schldpadfonten, the Chef Tabane s sad to have dvded the Trbe nto two sectons, one of whch he took wth hm to Zoutpansberg, where he conquered the Bavenda Trbes, and, havng establshed hmself as Paramount Chef, he and hs followers marred Bavenda women. Thus the descendants of the sad Chef (the present Bavenda Chefs), and hs Bakgatla followers have lost all trace of ther orgnal Natonalty; so that they are at the present day looked upon as Bavenda. (Ths nformaton s not authentc). The other secton of the Bakgatla, whch remaned at Schldpadfonten,. was subsequently ruled by Tabane s two sons, Lale and Matlasane, who had also remaned behnd. No. 4. B a k g a tla of M u t s h a. Ths oflf-shoot of the Bakgatla People trace the hstory of ther secton as a Trbe back to a Chef named Matlasane, Setsed or Psnye (son of Tabane), who remaned at Schldpadfonten, after tle departure of hs brother Lale, who became the founder of the Ma-Kau Secton. Matlasane was succeeded by hs son, Mutsha, from whom ths secton derved ts name as a people. The present Chef Robert Moep s a drect descendant of Matlasane. The Mutsha Trbe has been reduced n number owng to the fact that several Petty Chefs have left the man Trbe, such as: Machaane, resdng upon De Putten. Lehau, resdng upon De Kul. Skep Maluka, resdng upon Bultfonten. Alfred Maubane, resdng upon Boschplaats, and Leff, resdng at Elands Rver. Although these people are now on farms belongng to Boers, and have ther own Government, yet they stll acknowledge the Mutsha as ther Trbe.

29 G EN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAKGATLA OF KGAFELA. Kgafela j Maslane Kgoefane. Molfe Phetoe Sneloe Motlotle Dt-Sebe (Klled no ssue) Plane Khamanyane t 'V Lnchwe Ramono (Present * (Chef of the. C hef) Sub-Secton n tlle Transvaal) GEN EALOGCAL TREE/OF THE BAKGATLA, P R E T O R A DSTRCT. f'u W * LmUt**. Mokgatla a*a~ <. Mogal Phulane Legabo Pogop Botlolo _ Tabane Lale Mosheled (Klled by Ba-M ape la Sets d j (Psnye Mosetla Modse Le Lellateng Matlasane) (Ra-kau) (Founder of Mush (M akau the Baped Mutsha J was hs Trbe) Mathbe wfe) Ratlahama Q/LcLlr j ^ Q t Skoane Kau Maubane Tad Moag Moep. l Mohape Lgele Maubane M akanye (a Mutsha) Nchaupe at the Robert Moep Zambez Ramatsane or Sbs Makapan Mathebe (Present,, Makoe lopane Chef Solomon Salatel o f the Makotshane Makapan M akapan Mpje M utsha (ded) )vson) M otsepe (Chef of the Mosetla Dvson) (at present) l Seamoge or Sjambok Moems Motsep (Present Chef of the Ba-Makau )vson)

30 p j C h ap ter V. THE BAPED OF SEK U K U N. These Baped orgnally belonged to the Bakgatla famly of the Basuto Naton, and more especally to the Bakgatla-Ba-Ma-Kau (Chapter V). U truju The cause of ther secesson from the Man Trbe was a son of Lale s who accordng tc tradton cred whle stll n hs mother s womb. The people wanted to kll both mother and chld, but Lale would not allow ths and consequently he moved wth part of the Trbe, down the Elands Rver, to where t jons the Olphants Rver, and from there to Olph ant s Kop, between Fort Weeber, and what s known now as Mapoch s Country, eventually settlng at Fateng, close to the present Fort Weeber. Whle on the way to Fateng, ths ^ son was born and was called Le Lellateng La-Ga-Rakau-Oaga-Modse. Modse, who was the eldest son of Lale, remaned wth the other part of the Trbe, later on called the Bakgatla-Ba-Makau. The Bakgatla who left wth Lale, were then called Baped. ^ ' They then chose the Phut (Duker), and later on the man porton chose the Noku (Por- V V ^ v cupne) as ther Natonal Emblem, abandonng the Ape (Kgabo). Lale lved for some... k, tme at Fateng, also known as Ga-Dthlashaneng, acqurng the superorty over the other surroundng Trbes, to whom he gave the name of Barwa (sons). * u ; When Moramotshe succeeded hs father as Chef, a quarrel arose between hm and hs ^brother Mampuru., who left wth hs followng, and crossng the Olphant s Rver, eventually settled n th'e Sub-Dstrct Haenertsburg. Moramotshe was succeeded by hs son Kotope, who only ruled a short tme as he was murdered by hs brother Tulare, who then became Paramount Chef of the Baped and the trbutary Trbes. He bult hs Kraal at Manganeng on the Steelpoort Rver. Tulare became a very powerful Chef and all hs ^ rads on the Batswako, Aman Debele of Moletlane, the Basuto of Moletsh, Botlokwa a n d ^ ^ k ^ ^ ^ k Molep>o, Dstrct Zoutpansberg, and the Bakgatla and Bakwena Trbes, were successful. He s stll revered by the Natves as a great and powerful Chef. He ded m 824, on the day of a Solar Eclpse, and was succeeded by hs son, Malekutu., who defeated L Mapoch Trbes, after whch he raded the whole country as far as the Vaal Rver, returnng ^, f home wth large numbers of captured cattle. He only ruled for two years when he was posoned by one of hs brothers, Matsebe, who was subsequently klled by hs other brothers. Peted then became Paramount Chef Makopole (one of Tulare s sons), settled wth a followng n the neghbourhood of Lydenburg, where he establshed hmself as Chef of the Bakon Trbes. Umzlkatz then made hs appearance. Makopole looted some of hs cattle whch led to a conflct n whch Makopole was klled together wth a large number of hs Bakon. The rest partly surrendered to the Matebele, and partly fled to Peted. Umzlkatz now followed them up and encountered the Baped at Olphantspoort, on the Steelpoort Rver. A bloody acton was fought n whch the Baped were defeated and both Peted and Motol were klled. The Baped rule n the Eastern Transvaal was thus temporarly at an end as the trbe was totally broken up, ther kraals destroyed, and the people dspersed n all drectons. North of the Olphants Rver, the Wfe of Malekutu subsequently collected a great porton of the fugtves, and lved there wth the Baroka. Sekwate, a young son of Tulare, assembled a small porton of the Baped and retreated nto Zoutpansberg, where he managed to hold hs own amongst the Batlokwa and th e Bavenda of Ramapulana for about 4 years. He then went back to hs old home wth hs small followng, for the purpose of re-untng the scattered Baped Naton. Hs efforts met wth success as he conducted affars deverly and wth prudence. He, of all the Chefs, s the most prased by hs people for wsdom and provdence. He understood how to preserve peace, whch was so necessary n order to recrut strength', wthout shunnng fghtng when requred, and there s no doubt he was a man emnently adapted to rule.

31 The frst support he found on returnng from Zoutpansberg was from Magale, from whom he asked for ground to lve and buld on. By attractng the many lttle remnants of the Baped, by fghtng a few who were refractory, and by clever management of the latter afterwards, he soon consoldated hs power to such a degree that as a son of Tulare, he was recognsed as Paramount Chef by all. Whle Sekwate was resdng near Mount Prng, he had to go through several Wars at frst wth the Swazes, who were called nto the country by one of hs own subjects out of revenge. A few years later he was attacked by the Zulus whom he repelled. Although the Zulus had been beaten, Sekwate sent a present to ther Chef Panda, navely askng hm not to come agan. About a year later (840), the Baped for the frst tme encountered the Voortrekker Boers under H. Potgeter, who tred to subjugate Sekwate but succeeded only n capturng Maserumules cattle. t s remarkable that the Baped at ths tme used fre-arms whch had been brought h ome by partes of Natves who sought work n the dstant ports. Soon after ths war wth the Boers, Sekwate left Prng and settled n the Lulu Mountans, where he bult hs Kraal at the foot or Thaba Mosega. Here hs constant am was to preserve peace, especally wth the Boers. n 857, a Commsson was apponted by the Volksraad of the then Lydenburg Republc, to proceed to Sekwate s Kraal and to enter nto negotatons wth hm wth a vew of concludng an agreement wth hm. The followng Agreement was then entered nto : AGREEM ENT. Entered nto by the Commttee apponted by the Honourable The Volksraad of the Lydenburg Republc, and the Matlatee Kaffr Chef, Sekwate. On the 7th of November, 857, the apponted Commttee have agreed : That peace between Sekwate and the Lydenburg Republc shall be promoted as much as can be on both sdes. That the people of Sekwate shall not be permtted to pass the Steelpoort Rver wth guns and horses, unless by permsson, or on beng called by somebody, but that they are permtted to hunt free and unmolested, on that sde of the Steelpoort Rver, on the lands nowroccuped by Sekwate. That Sekwate shall upon request and ndcaton, at once delver up the stolen cattle and punsh the gulty party. Lkewse, that Sekwate when anyone comes to hm and asks for assstance shall then render assstance to such an one, to trace the cattle stolen or brng back the absconded servants and he shall punsh the gulty party. Furthermore that all the people (Natves) who lve beyond the Steelpoort Rver, on the sde of Sekwate, can be consdered as hs people; but all the people (Natves) on the other sde do not belong to hm and the whte men can deal wth them accordng to ther pleasure. The Commttee apponted by the Honourable Volksraad of the Lydenburg Republc : Thus done n the town of Sekwate on the 7th of November, 857. (Sgned) X SEK W A T E. X M AETSE. X M A M PU RU. We, the undersgned Commssoners, declare that the above marks of Sekwate, Maetse* and Mampuru, were made n our presence by the sad Matlatee Kaffr Cher and hs Head-Captans on the day and date above-mentoned : (Sgned) C. T. VAN N E K E R K, Member of Volksraad. F. C. C O M B R N K, Feld-Cornet.,, O. T. VAN N E K E R K, Osonf nterpreter.,, J. M D D E L, Json, Actng Secretary Ths document was approved of by the Lydenburg Executve Councl on the 9th of December, 857, and by the Lydenburg Volksraad on the gth of Aprl, 857.

32 * j Sekwate ded on the 20th of September, 86. Shortly before hs death he ordered that Mampuru, hs son by a former wfe of Ch'ef Malekutu, hs late brother, should succeed hm; whle Sekukun, hs eldest son should t>e her to hs prvate property. Sekukun, however, knew how to wn the people to hs sde and succeeded n expellng Mampuru who took refuge wth the Swazes; Sekukun then became Paramount Chef of the Baped trbe, and was recognsed as such by the Transvaal Government. Sekukun at frst contnued on good terms wtk the Boers. n the year 864, he began to quarrel wth those of hs subjects who had become Chrstans, tryng by all means n hs power to nduce them to abandon ther fath. These Natves fled to the Reverend Merensky, a Mssonary of the Berln Socety at the Olphants Rver, who then establshed the Msson Staton, Botshabelo. Amongst these exles was Sekukun s brother, Johannes Dnkwanyane, who subsequently left Botshabelo and settled close to Lydenburg, whence he moved to some naccessble spot on the Spekboom Rver, where he bult a stronghold and ruled hs band of about 50 followers as recognsed Petty Chef of Sekukun le soon became troublesome to the farmers, and n the commencement of 876 hs people took possesson of a waggon-load of wood belongng to a farmer named Jankowtz, whch the latter had brought from a farm belongng to hm. The Lydenburg Authortes threatened to drve Johannes from hs stronghold, and Sekukun sent a Commando through Steelpoort to render assstance to hs brother. Ths was the cause of the frst war wth Sekukun ( ). For a tme Sekukun ressted^" \ ^ the Boer commando sent by Presdent Burgers aganst hm ; but fnally gave up all hopes of j ouuu. %J6. success, and sent messengers to Pretora to enqure regardng the condtons under whch 3Jh JfcZ ojdouk**. peace mght be granted to hm. These messengers were nformed that a Commsson would sw be apponted by the Government to meet Sekukun s Representatves at the Msson ^7^ - Staton Botshabelo to settle matters wth them. The Commsson was apponted, and havng been nstructed by the Executve Counc) as to the terms of peace they could offer to Sekukun, they proceeded to Botshabelo and there met Sekukun s Representatves. A treaty of peace was concluded n the followng terms : TO ALL W H O MAY READ THS, GREETN G S. On ths the 5th day of February, Eghteen Hundred and Seventy-Seven, we, zaak Cornelus Holtshausen, Member of the Honourable the Executve Councl, Oltman Charles Weeber, Landdrost of the Dstrct Mddelburg, and gnatus Phllp Ferrera, Captan of the Mddelburg Volunteers, Delegates and specally authorsed thereto by hs Honour the State Presdent of the South Afrcan Republc, have at the humble request for pardon and peace from Captan Sekukun, granted hm n the name of the people of the South Afrcan Republc, pardon for hs rebellous behavour and have conceded to hm, sacredly and solemnly, the suspenson of all hostltes aganst hm or hs Trbe, and ths because the sad Sekukun, by means of hs representatves, Makoropetse, Semape, and Seabe, here present wth us, declares and promses, and solemnly pledges hmself, under guarantee of hs own propertes and those of hs Trbe, for hmself and hs descendants for ever, v z.: A rtcle. That he, as subject of the State, shall henceforth submt to the Laws of the Country, and be obedent to all commands gven by the Government. A r tcle 2. That he shall pay two thousand head of cattle as expenses of War, whch are to be delvered at such tme and place as wll be fxed by the Government and whch cattle are to be approved by a person apponted thereto by the Government. A rtcle 3. That the Lulu Mountan, and a suffcent pece of ground to the East of ths Mountan, shall be granted hm for the occupaton of hmself and Ms Trbe, as also Tpece of ground on ths (Western) sde of sad Mountan, say from Magneetsheght n the drecton of a large range stretchng towards North-West, as far as the town of Panama, whch pece of ground s, at a guess, about twelve mles long, and sx mles broad. A rtcle 4. Ths treaty shall be n force as soon as the same s also sgned by the Chef Sekukun and hs Councl. n testmony of whch ths Treaty s jontly sgned by us, and hs representatves. Thus done and sgned at Botshabelo, etc.

33 A'v/Cvu p* S J v U w a - n, d ^ u k ^ u ^ 5Uvc^ U u t u ^ c. * ^ r r ua^ ' - U\ V x> t s X + J ^ A s % + - * +, V.pC( Vt^c-v Ths Treaty was sgned by Sekukun on the 6th of February, 877 and thus came nto force n terms of Artcle 4, thereof. He had, however, stated that he would reman ndependent as hs father had been and would not become a subject of the Boers, and n spte of ths he was allowed to sgn the above document. Aln'X l^- ^77 Shortly afterwards the Transvaal was annexed to the Brtsh Empre, and Sr heophlus Shepstone took over the rens of Government. He ordered the Volunteers back from the Forts before Sekukun had pad the War-ndemnty, and as the old Chef wanted to pay ths fne, only n order to get rd of those unwelcome neghbours (the Volunteers), t was perhaps natural that he resolved to pay nothng for what he had already obtaned by cheap promses. n 877 the Baped expected a good harvest, and Sekukun thought the tme had arrved to punsh those Chefs who had deserted hm and hs cause durng the War. n ths he was stmulated by hs sster Lekgolane, and thus n March 878, ther combned forces attacked Pokwane, one of the ChefsTr queston, although the latter lved wthn the boundary of the Terrtory ceded to Government by the Treaty of Peace, the prevous year. A polce force was sent to protect these alles of the Government, but 'J ^ Lekgolane s people fredjjpon jt. Sekukun began agan to make rads nto the Lydenburg Dstrct, and a farme A\ ast<led n the frst rad. Ths was the commencement of the second Sekukun war. U * u.»v The Brtsh, wth th'e ad of the Swazes, who were accompaned by Mampuru. - overcame the Baped ana made Sekukun prsoner. Hs eldest son and her Morwav,,,, N^j^ ^rnotsha, father of the present Chef, Sekukun., however, was klled n ths war. Whle Sekukun was n prson, Mampuru ruled as Chef and establshed hs Kraal at Kgono n the Dstrct of Mddelburg, and when Sekukun was released from prson, he also clamed A qk the Cheftanshp. Upon the retrocesson of the Transvaal Mampuru, refused to recognse hmself as a subject of the Boers, and refused to appear when he was called. The Boers then made arrangements to proceed aganst hm, upon whch Mampuru fled to Pokwane, and thence to Marshane who asssted hm aganst the Boer and Sekukun forces. They were defeated, and the Chef of the Marshane was taken prsoner, whle Mampuru agan escaped and sought shelter wth Nyabela the Chef of the Mapoch Trbe. t was at ths tme when Mampuru (aded by the Mapoch Trbe), managed to surprse and kll Sekukun. /run \%%*L The late general P. Joubert then appeared wth a Commando accompaned by the Baped forces, whch were led by Kgolokwe, Sekukun the Frst s brother, who was actng for Sekukun., then a mnor. The people of Mapoch were beaten, Nyabela and Manly. ^ [UV*. puru were captured and the latter hanged. Malekutu., son of Mampuru managed to escape to the Mapulane. He was, however, subsequently allowed to return to the Locaton of Marshane n the Dstrct of Mddelburg, where le s to day the recognsed Chef over hs own followers and the Marshane and Pokwane people. Kgolokwe ded n 893, and as Sekukun. was mpt old enough to rule, some of the Baped recognsed Makeveteng, 0 LfouC A cv> w 'Kgolokwe s json,f as A dspute was lad before the Feld-Cornet A. Erasmus of bxtf ^ NXU' Lydenburg, 'whorecognsed Makeveteng as Chef. The Baped, however, were not satsfed and the case was brought before the Government n Pretora. Sekukun., hs COt A ^ M mother and hs grandmother^(waow of Sekukun.), wth a large number of Baped, were lodged n prson. They were released some tme after and allowed to return to Seku- 'j/, kunland, where Sekukun and Makeveteng were both recognsed as Chefs; each Chef j, obtaned a Locaton, where they settled wth ther respectve followers. Durng the Anglo-Boer war, Sekukun attacked Makeveteng, who took a Feld-Cornet of Lydenburg. refuse wth The Boers, however, told hm that they could not assst hm and he then sought shelter wth Malekutu. When Sekukun. clamed hm from Malekutu, the latter refused to hand hm over. Sekukun then attacked Malekutu but was beaten. Sekukun thereupon sent a deputaton to the Brtsh troops n Lydenburg, but was told to wat tll the war was over. After peace was declared Makeveteng obtaned permsson to return to the Locaton the Boer Government had gven hm where he ded last year. Hs brother*now *vtc-

34 35 rules ths porton of the Baped, whle Sekukun. s now Chef of hs own followng. Of the Mssonares who have been workng amongst the Baped, the Reverend Merensky of the Berln Msson Socety, and the Reverend J. A. Wnter, who s carryng on Msson work on hs own account, are most worthy of menton. M a f e f e. As before-mentoned, Mampuru. after the death of hs father, quarrelled wth hs brother, and subsequently left the man Trbe wdth a followng, and settled on the banks of the Magakal Rver n the Sub-Dstrct of Haenertsburg. Some Natves clam that a Chef named Mutje, had led these people to ther present habtaton. He s sad to have been succeeded by Mafefe. after whom the Trbe was named, and who was succeeded by Mampuru, after whom Legadmane became Chef. Under the latter, ths Trbe domnated the Trbes of Mohlaba, Maake, Muguboya, and Sekororo, not so much on account of ts numercal strength whch however was consderable, but on account of ts allance wth Sekukun s Trbe. After Legadmane s death, Mafefe. the present Chef succeeded. Hs brother, son of Ngwanemaguba, Chef Sekukun s aunt, also clamed the Cheftanshp and Ngwanamaguba returned to Sekukun and nduced hm to make war on Mafefe. Sekukun attacked Mafefe and drove hm along the Drakensberg where Molepo also attacked hm, takng most of hs cattle. Mafefe after much loss took refuge wth Maake and Mohlaba, and for ths servce they were attacked by Sekororo at the nstgaton of Sekukun. These attacks took place durng the Anglo-Boer war. A secton of the Mafefe Trbe occupes the Farm Strassburg on the slopes of the Drakensberg n the Sub-Dstrct Haenertsburg. These people used to be under the protecton of Sekororo. Mamtje or Sekoko, the present Chef, s the son of Mabne, whose father was Madhe. All three ruled the Trbe n turn. M a s h o e n g. Tftere s a small Chef named Mashoeng, resdng upon the farm Klprand n the Pretora Dstrct, wth a few followers. These Natves are also Baped. Namane a petty chef of the Baped also resdes n the Pretora Dstrct. B a r o k o l o h a l. The Barokolohal of Melorane, Dstrct Marco, are part of Sekukun s people. They frst settled n the Rustenburg Dstrct, under the protecton of the Bakgatla. Afterwards thev moved to near Ramontso n the Brtsh Bechuanaland Pretoctorate, and fnally settled at Me*orane. H e d e l b e r g. After the war wth Sekukun, a number of hs people were brought to ths Dstrct. B a P h u t n g. The Ba-Phutng represent that porton of the Baped Trbe whch retaned the Phut (Duker), as ther emblem nstead of adoptng the Noku (Porcupne). They are represented n the Mddelburg Dstrct by: The Maphopa, the Ranto, the Malekane, the Makunyane. Th'e Ranto splt up n the year 878, when the Baped war raged. mpjane took Sekukun s sde, and moved across the Steelpoort Rver, whle Dntshane remaned n the Mddelburg Dstrct.

35 OAA^A^oC %as /lcla-all-* \,o^v^-u^l t'l&sua*. u \ ^ $» ^CK^sl*j-+-*J. U/Wv*v\. UvvUv ft wx U~" ^ 6^ 36 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAPED CHEFS. Tabane (Chef of one of the Bakgatla Sectons) Lale (or Dthlashana) Modse (Chef of the Bakgatla-Ba-M akau) (See Chapter V) Le Lellateng y Malekutu. (Posoned by Matsebe) Kotope (murdered by Tulare) Matsebe (Klled by hs brothers) Moramotshe Tulare ou^ct Mampuru. Nokolwane (Founder of the Mafefe. Haenertsburg Sub-Dstrct. Zoutpansberg Dstrct) n ~ rwl^vvw Peted Motole Makopole (These men were klled by the Matabele of Umzlkatze) %. w lhcr%c~txyu^ -J^uUlvuvc \ tjktjuu' 9 Sekwate (JUa-vLl «( Mampuru. Sekukun. or Malekutu n. Mashle «W- jgq* Kgolokwe (Chef of Makeveteng Kgolane Marshane North Mddelberg) Morwamotsha (Ded) (Chef of one n/t- * ku* 7lv#wwJ ^ porton of the «k Sekukun. Trbe n, ' (Chef of part Sekukunland) L ^ cca. of the Sekukun- j &tcu*au.z> land Baped). t L (Dstrct JUJSlQ\A*r^ Lydenburg). %s*dlxaa V. Su>^.w4vvvvv*, 3 <Ww»wAAu.t flv vu. ^ * ' f*\a/j*lc [t 4v«4vt.. ^ v c ^ ^ M * - s k a. t A < ^» V w u ^VCVw ^ L aw /uw ov w u u l Uvv frvptw "UT ^/W -4 c~ % *A ~ -t*jjl\^ c % (^ 'v t- c t ( J j /y^tca^ Ov vvv ^vv*,4c / ^ ^4^. f^na C sh -Q s/fy v + % ^4. ftnucl f / j WtV j ^/vtt^o h *sca^v4. t-* * U-9*< S. Jj 4 «J u v lu v u t / O. /Lxca. a ft^v^yx <j tfvy* lvc'. >j0-\,oamam v x y C o ^ ^ L x > r -t fcrvu%, r t / ^ t u. b s l Vv^'t^vv^w*. ~ J J. * u * *, ( - * * l \ e t ^, J Vv/^r- " ^ \j ^ Z *fl- < 6 u.v L^QjhrX\. / ] A. * j l u s 0 L t -» /t l^u. ^

36 C hapter V. M ALABOCH, B LA U W B E RG, ZOUTPAN SBERG. Male Adults, about 000. The Malaboch Trbe orgnally came from th'e North of Afrca, probably as a porton of the Bahuruts, and settled down n Malete s Mountans, Bechuanaland. They also honour the Monkey (Tshoene), the same anmal as s honoured by the Bahuruts. The frst Chef of these people as an ndependent Trbe was Lebogo, who called hs followers Bagananwa. He left the Malete wth hs people before he became a subject of the Bamangwato, crossng the Lmpopo and occupyng the Blauwberg Mountans, where they found a small Trbe called Madebana, whch they overpowered and made ther subjects. Lebogo had several wves. From hs frst wfe only a grl was born named Pula- Boshego, and from hs second wfe he had a son called Ramatho. After Lebogo s death the Trbe asked Pula-Boshego to take a husband n order that she mght beget a successor to Lebogo. Ths she dd and gave brth to two sons, Mathome and Tabo. Untl Mathome became of age, she acted as Regent. When the Trbe eventually proclamed Mathome as Chef, hs uncle Ramatho also clamed the Cheftanshp. A struggle ensued n whch Ramatho was defeated. He then left wth hs people and occuped the Eastern porton of the Mountans. Mathome afterwards, wth the assstance of the Matlala and Mapela Trbes, klled Ramatho and many of hs people. Ramatho s son Maloko wth the remander, took flght to the Zoutpansberg where he asked the Boer Voortrekkers for assstance to regan hs rghts. Ths the Boers dd, but they were drven back. After some tme Maloko and hs people left the Boers and agan occuped the Eastern porton of the Mountans. Mathome had two sons, Gabush (present Chef) by hs frst wfe, and Magore by another wfe. He ded n 880, and Gabush became Chef. n 894, war broke out between the Boers and the Malaboch, because they would not pay taxes; Malaboch was compelled to surrender and was mprsoned for sx years. Resdng wth and subject to Malaboch s a porton of the Ba-Narene (Buffalo) Trbe, who came to the Transvaal wth Tetatsalu and Mapeng from Bechuanaland. These people are of the same Trbe as Moshut and Mamathlola of the Haenertsburg Dstrct. MALABOCH T RBE. GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE CH EFS. Lebogo (Matsheokoane) Mathome Gabush (Present Chef) Pula Boshego Ramatho, J j Maloko Magore Tabo Kb (Chef of a Secton)

37 C hapter V. B A P H R N G. Resdence : -Retfonten, 402, Dstrct Rustenburg. Farms owned: Retfonten, 402, Brakkul, 38, Porton of Cjferfonten, 299. (All n the Dstrct of Rustenburg). Populaton : 04 Souls. These people are an off-shoot of the Bahuruts whom they left when under the Chef Manope. They elected as th'er Chef a man named Phr who led them to Mocokoe (Nootgedacht 405). All the Chefs lved and ded at Mocokoe, untl Neeteng who removed to Phokubyoen (Grootfonten). t was durng hs regn that Umzlkatz attacked the Ph rng, kllng Neeteng and many people. Mabalane, Neeteng s son, then fled to Lchtenburg but later on returned and surrendered to Umzlkatz at Umzlkatz s Kop. Upon arrval of the Boers, the Matebele retreated across the Lmpopo. The Baphrng remaned behnd and sought shelter wth the Bakwena-Ba-Matau n a large cave at Moo Rver Oog. After ths they removed to Lomoae, Potchefstroom Dstrct. They were then attacked by the Boers under Andres Cronje, who took many Natves and ndentured them. These people, however, later on returned to Mabalane. They then started workng for the Boers n return for cattle, whch became the cause of some trouble wth the Boers. After wanderng about Mabalane eventually settled at Retpan (Bolbe). He then bought Retfonten for cattle taken from the people. Some of the latter objected to ths and left the Trbe, jonng the Ba-Ga-Molsane.. Mabalane ded n 88r, and was succeeded by hs son, Moep, who later on bought the Farms Brakkul and a porton of Cjferfonten.^ He ded n 894, and was succeeded by Phlpus Mabalane. The people are at the present day nearly all Chrstans. GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE C H EFS. Phr Theko Mphela Molokoe Thoap Mabalane Melatoe Neeteng Mabalane Moef Mabalane (Phllpus) (Chef at the present tme.)

38 C hapter V. BECHUANA O R BASUTO T RBES W H O CAME FROM THE W EST AND SOUTH. No.. BATAUNG, RUST ENBURG. / ; y From the tradtons of these people, t s to be gathered that they came from the West, very probably as an off-shoot of the B j^urg of ether Moltsane or Makwana. At present they have settled on the Farm Brakfonten, 898, Rustenburg Dstrct. The frst Chef of these people as a dstnct Secton was named <Selale,,, who resded at Rakhotltse (Doornkom). Hs sons, Mabue and Rakgomo, entered nto a quarrel about some cattle whch ended n Rakgomo leavng wth a secton of the people for the Orange Rver Colony. Mabue regned after the death of Selale and durng hs regn the Trbe removed to Lepore, Boschhoek. Nothng s known of these people untl the regn of Tse son of Modse, who asssted the Bakwena Chef Poe, aganst hs son, Tsukulu, the Bakwena-Ba- Molmosane, Matlaku and Ma-Tau and for hs servces was presented wth the Selons Rver Country. n the tme of Khosane, the Batlakwane arrved, beat the Bataung and passng through Commando Nek, drove the Bakwena and Bapo North-West untl they reached the Zambez. After ths Umzlkatz subdued the Bataung, kllng Khosane, who was succeeded by Sefanyetso. After the Boers had drven the Matebele out of the Country, Sefanyetso wth hs Trbe remaned at Brakfonten. They then had to work for the Boers who dd not treat them well and the people left. They then wandered about n the Orange Rver Colony eventually returnng to ther old home, but found that Cronje had assumed possesson of the ground. The Natves pad hm ^5 each to resde on the farm, and though has passed through several hands, they are stll resdng there. Molfane Sefanyetso s the present Chef of the Trbe. The populaton numbers 542 Souls. No. 2. BATLOKOA (BATOKW A). ( A ) D s t r c t Z o u t p a n s b e r g. The Batokwa dance to the Leopard (nkwe). They orgnally came from the terrtory at the source of the Vaal Rver, about the begnnng or the mddle of the 8th Century. They are very lkely related to the Mantat of Cheftaness Mantats and her son Skcnyela, and thus would also be related to the Makololo of Sebetoane who had mgrated to the North and settled somewhere near the Zambez Rver. Musma was the Chef who brought these Batlokoa to the Zoutpansberg. They frst settled at a place called W urub, stuated on the Southern sde of Sekop s present Locaton. They were then joned by some Bakwena under Toga, whom they had found settled at a place called Ragwato. Wth the excepton of one famly whch remaned at Ragwato (the name of ther Headman at the present beng Ragwato ), they left wth the Batlokoa, and have now lost ther dentty. Musma ded at W urub, and was succeeded by hs son Kunwana who removed wth hs people to Muoaven (Boschkloof), and from there to the Mavanen Kopjes, about 2 mles North of the Dwars Rver Drft, where he ded. Before hs death, to avod any quarrellng amongst hs sons, he dvded the Trbe nto two portons, one under hs eldest son, Seran, and the other under hs second son Ramakgopa. The latter, however, subjected hmself to Seran, who thfen settled wth the man porton at the Matokwa Kopjes, whle Ramakgopa. and hs followers remaned on the Northern sde of the Dwars Rver. n 885 the Boers fought the Seran Secton, kllng Mudalahot, who was then Chef. The Trbe thereupon fled to wsekukunland and were followed by the younger branch, then under Ramakgopa. The Chef Sekukun alloted them land to lve on, and they

39 40 remaned there for about 20 years, when Ramakgopa returned to hs old abode at the Dwars Rver, takng Masanyane, son of Mudalahot, wth hm. The latter s followers had remaned behnd, but soon rejoned ther Chef. After ths Ramakgopa. and Masanyane quarrelled as to the Cheftanshp; ths dspute resulted n Ramakgopa. leavng wth hs porton and settlng at the head-waters of the Dwars Rver; Masanyane remaned at the Matokwa Kopjes n the Petersburg Sub-Dstrct. They, however, dd not lve n peace wth each other untl n 879, Sr Theophlus Shepstone, Admnstrator of the Transvaal, decded that Masanyane and Ramakgopa. should each be recognsed as ndependent Chefs by the Government. Ramakgopa was gven a Locaton at the head-waters of the Dwars Rver and Masanyane was allowed to reman at the Matokwa Kopjes. Some of hs Petty Chefs wth ther people are lvng n the Groot Spelonken. Populaton :,032 adult males. (B ) B a t l o k o a o f R u s t e n b u r g D s t r c t. The ancestors of these Batlokoa are sad to have come from the North-East. They further clam that they are related to the Batlokwa of Zoutpansberg, who are sad to be also called Bamachaka, and whose present Chef s supposed to be Mpakane. t s dffcult to say whether Masanyane Chef of the Petersburg Branch s meant. These Batlokoa (Batlokwa) of the Rustenburg Dstrct (who are now represented by four Sectons, of whch one «n Brtsh Bechuanaland Protectorate), are alleged to have formerly been one Trbe, whch s supposed to have lved at (Tlokwe) Potchefstroom. The Trbal records, however, do not go back beyond the tme of the Chef Mosme Tsle, under whom the Trbe lved on the farm Houwater, Plansberg, Rustenburg Dstrct, and subsequently on Doornhoek (Boptko) 34, Map 9, Elands Rver. Whle at Houwater they fought wth and were defeated by the Bakwena-Ba-Fokeng. The frst dvson of the Trbe took place at the tme of Makabe and Molfe, sons of Tau-Kubong, who quarrelled. Molfe then left the Man Trbe and settled wth hs followers at Grootfonten, thus becomng the founder of the Matsatse Secton. Hs descen dant Bogachoe, fearng the Matebele, retred to Sechele at Molopolole where he ded and was succeeded by the present Chef, Matsatse, who brought the Trbe back to Grootfonten. Makabe had remaned wth the Man Secton at Ploe (Zwaarverdend) 502, Map 8, where they became known as bracelet-makers. Durng the regn of Kgos, these Batlokwa were drven from ther Kraals by the Ba-Matau, to the farm Bultfonten, 72, Map 9. Upon Umzlkatz s departure they agan settled at Letlakeng (Putfonten) 559, Map 53). The Boers th'en began to trouble them, and they moved frst to Sechele and from there to Tsoen-Tsoen, just nsde the Transvaal border near Vleeschfonten, 207, where Matlapeng ded and was succeeded by Gaberone, who quarrelled wth hs brother, Sdumed. Gaberone then returned to Brtsh Bechuanaland Protectorate, leavng a part of hs people at Tsoen-Tsoen wth hs thrd brother Kgos who ded leavng an nfant son. Hs brother Sbulawa, who had taken charge of the Trbe, eventually moved to Molated, (Nauwpoort) as an ndependent CVef. The Batlokwa used to honour the Ant-Bear, but now Gaberone has adopted the Lon, and Sdumed the Leopard, as ther trbal emblems. No. 3. (A) M ALOS O R MALEOS OF M D D E L B U R G D ST RCT. These Malos are sad to be descended from the Malos of Brtsh Basutoland. They once lved at Schoonoord, vsekukunland, when they were under Tulare. Part of them are lvng at Fort Weeber, North Mddelburg. (B) BANT W ANE, P R E T O R A D STRCT. The Bantwane are beleved to be related to the Malos (Maleos?) of Mddelburg, and to have the same badge, v z.: the Tolo (Koedoe). The frst Chef known to the present generaton was Mokon, who ruled ths people whle stll lvng n the Ntwane Mountans, Waterberg, before the advent of the Whte Man.

40 4 Whle Mush was Chef, Umzlkatz conquered and scattered them all over the Country. A small porton took refuge n the Orange Rver Colony, where t s stll to be found. Mush hmself was klled, and the rest of the people then ralled round hs son Matabata, who fled North beyond Petersburg. He subsequently returned and settled near the resdence of the present Chef. The Dutch came nto the country durng the rule of Moroa Thebe. At frst there exsted a frendly understandng between them and these Natves. Some tme after, however, the present Chef Skep Maluka s father fell out wth the Boers and took refuge wth the Bantwane. The Boers then dsarmed the whole Trbe and made them pay Taxes. When Presdent Burgers was n power, Maluka obtaned permsson to settle at Maluka s Kop. When Ramatsed was Chef, the Sekukun war broke out. The Boers, after Ramatsed s refusal to assst them aganst Sekukun, stormed hs stad and scattered h's people who wth ther Chef fled to the Baped. After the war, Ramatsed settled near Bronkhorstsprut n thfe Pretora Dstrct. After ths he removed to Wlhelmskloof, where the present Chef lves, as he dd not wsh to be too near the Europeans. Paled s the present Chef. Wth the Bantwane are some Barolong who have subjected themselves to the Ntwana Chefs. No. 4. BA-NARENG (BUFFALO). (A) O f Zoutpansberg. The Ba-Nareng (Ba-Naren) are stated to have entered the Transvaal from Bechuanaland. When passng the Blauwberg Mountans, Zoutpansberg, a porton of them remaned there and now are subject to Chef Malaboch, whle the rest went on to the Haenertsburg Sub-Dstrct. The latter are represented by : () Sekororo. (2) Mamathlola. (3) Selebulu. (A. ). S e k o r o r o. These people settled n ther present Locaton between the Selat and Olphants Rvers, North of the Drakensbergen, under the Chef Sekororo, alas Makutshe (Rest). A porton under Sekukunuku moved further West, and eventually settled where the trbe, now known as the Mamathlola trbe, s to be found at the present day. The name Sekororo has descended from Chef to Chef, and as the present Sekororo who succeeded th'e late Chef a few months ago, s stll a young man, the grandson of the late Sekororo named Gwar-Ea- Motse welds the real power. The Sekororo Chefs are related to Sekukun by marrage and n consequence of ths allance were, durng the late Anglo-Boer war, drawn nto a fght wth Mohlaba and Maake. Ths secton has about 650 adult males. (A.2.). Mamathlola. Sekukunuku, as above-mentoned, was the founder of ths Sub-Secton. He had three sons, Serubela, Selebulu, and Moata. He s supposed to have drven out the former nhabtants of the place he now occupes who wth ther Chef Mphelo moved to Modjadj s Country. After Sekukunuku s death, hs second son Selebulu. left hs brother and founded the Selebulu Secton. Serubela then became Chef, but was murdered by hs thrd brother Moata, who was also klled by Podle, Serubela s son. n the year 840, Podle (who had become Chef), was attacked by one of Umzlkatz s mps whch he defeated. He ded an old man leavng two sons, Ramatau and Legadma, as well as a daughter, Makaepa. Ramatau succeeded hs father as Chef but was klled by the Swazes who had made an attack on the Trbe. Seapee then became Chef, but was murdered by hs own son, Maroth, who was subsequently klled bv some frends of hs father. There now appeared three clamants for the Cheftanshp, vz. () Mashaba, (2) Makaepa, who had strengthened

41 42 her poston by takng her nece, a sster of Mashaba, named Mamathlola to wfe*), (3) Moshut, th'e son of Legadma. Moshut deposed Mashaba, who fled to Molepo n 884. For some tme afterwards Makaepa (wth Mamathlola) and Moshut, each ruled ther two respectve followngs; Mamathlola succeeded Makaepa after her death. Many encounters then followed between the two partes, tll Moshut obtaned the mastery. n 894, Moshut and Mamathlola both joned Makgoba n hs rebellon aganst the Boers. Moshut and Mamathlola were both taken prsoners and brought to Pretora, where Moshut ded n prson. Mamathlola afterwards beng released by the Brtsh Governmeat, returned to New Agatha, where she gathered her scattered people and now7regns as Cheftan ess. The Crown Lands on whch most of the Trbe lve have been cut up nto farms and gven to settlers and the Natves are now dvded amongst the dfferent masters. The total of adult males s about 950. ( A.3.) S e l e b u l u. As above-mentoned, Selebulu. left the Mamathlola Secton wth a followng. Selebulu. who had joned Makgoba n hs rebellon and was also taken prsoner to Pretora, where he ded n 896, has an nfant son named Ramatalare. Hs uncle Makabata Selebulu now rules the Trbe. These people are scattered over numerous farms amongst whch s the Government Farm Krabbefonten n the Low Country. Ths Sub-Secton has about 500 adult males. (B) M d d e l b u r g. n Northern Mddelburg there s a Headman, Moshlala, who wth hs followng au:> belongs to the Buffalo People. They are lvng near Malekutu. No. 5. BA-KHUDU, D STRCT H E D E LBERG. The Ba-Khudu are sad at one tme to have occuped the basn of the Zukerboschrand Rver, extendng n the drecton of Vereengng towards ts juncton wth the Vaal Rver. Ths part of the country was known as Khudung, beng called after the Khudu Trbe. On the approach of Umzlkatz, these people took refuge amongst the Barolong, whtere they remaned untl about 896, when a great many of them returned to ther old home. The entre Northern part of the Hedelberg Dstrct s sad to have been formerly occuped by Bushmen called Barhoa, who were captured and enslaved by a Boer named W. Boshoff. No. 6. GAMA, D STRCT ERM ELO. About the begnnng of the 9th Century, a Mosuto Chef, Mlambo, (subject to the Swaz Kng Sobuza ), lved near the present vllage Amsterdam. He s sad to have had a large followng. After hs death n 820, hs two sons, Gama and Mhlangana, quarrelled over the Cheftanshp. Gama, aded by the Swaz Kng, overthrew hs brother who fled to Basutoland, takng hs followng wth hm. The descendants of Gama, and hs adherents are now settled n the valley of the Vaal Rver, and the Kaffr Sprut. No. 7. BAPO, D ST RCT RU STEN BURG. The tradtons of the Trbe go to show that they orgnally came from Zululand. The frst Chef known was Lotsane, but nothng s heard of the hstory of the Trbe untl the regn of Mekhse, who ded young and chldless. The control of the Trbe then passed to Mamane, who took over hs late brother s wfe by whom he had a son named Moerane. At ths tme, the Trbe resded at Molokue. Durng Moerane s Cheftanshp several conflcts took place wth the Bakwena-Ba- Magopa and Ba-Fokeng. Malekutu the Baped Chef, also captured many of ther cattle, women, and chldren. After Moerane s death, hs grandson Maste, the her, stll beng a * Ths s customary among natves.

42 = V u ^ U!, 43 mnor, Semetsu Botloka, son of Moerane by hs second wfe, took charge of the Trbe. Two years later the Batlakoane under Ramabusetsa, defeated the Bapo who retreated wth' ther women and chldren, to Lokoane (Leeuwkop). Here the Trbe was scattered by the Matebele, but after the Boers had drven Umzlkatz out of the country, they reformed under Mogale,^ who then became Chef, Semetsu Botloka havng been klled at Rantkoane. Mogalelater on asssted the Boers aganst Gozane, a Matebele Chef, who was returnng to Zululand. After they had settled n the country, the Boers made the men, women, and chldren, work for them. Trouble, however, soon arose. Mogale was supposed to have hdden some guns whch he had sent to Makapan. When the Boers ordered Mogale to produce the guns, he sad he h'ad none. A short tme after a Boer was shot by Makapan s people. Mogale then fled to Basutoland leavng all hs cattle behnd, whle the Boers took hs son Morudoane wth them n a campagn aganst Makapan. Some tme after ths Morudoane joned hs father n Basutoland. The Bapo were scattered, some followed ther Chef, others remaned wth the surroundng Trbes, and the rest remaned wth the Boers who confscated all the cattle. Mogale stayed n Basutoland for from 5 to 20 years; when he returned to hs old home and bought the Farm Boschfonten from Orsmond for 499 head of cattle. Mogale ded after a year s resdence on the farm and was succeeded by hs son Morudoane, who had three sons by hs prncpal wfe. Durng hs Cheftanshp, a dspute arose wth Orsmond who clamed that he had made an agreement wth Mogale to the effect that all waterlands and trees should be used by hm untl transfer was receved from the Government. The matter was referred to Potchefstroom, and there Orsmond receved orders to leave the farm. n anger, the latter sold several portons of the farm to Whte people, and to the Bakwena-Ba-Magopa. Morudoane was succeeded by hs second son Darus Mogale. A dspute later on arose between Darus and hs uncle Dederk, wth the result that the latter left wth a large porton of the Trbe and settled on Bokfonten. He afterwards moved to Bultfonten No. 74. These Natves are practcally all Chrstans.? Ll m u ~cjl No. 8. BATLAKO, PLANSBERG, RU ST EN BU RG. Ths Trbe was orgnally one wth the Bapo. The frst Chef known was Leemane, whb s sad to have left hs brother wth a large followng on account of some quarrels. The Batlako frst settled n the country extendng from Janskop (Groenfonten, 302, Map 9) to Retfonten, 927 (Map 5). When Mutss became Chef the Bakgatla entered nto a struggle wth hm whch lasted untl the tme of Molots. The Batlako became subjects of Umzlkatz under the Chef Mab and when the Boers drove the Matebele across the Marco Rver to Umzlkatz s Kop, most of the Batlako appear to have accompaned them there and settled down as nhabtants. After the Matebele had agan been drven West bv the Boers, the Batlako returned to ther orgnal country n the Plansberg. But on the advent of the Boer settlers they agan fled to Sechele, Brtsh Bechuanaland. Mab ded there and was succeeded by hs son Moetlo-Mab the present Chef, who brought hs people back to the Plansberg and purchased the farms: Mabskraal, 629 (Map 9). Vlakfonten, 305 (Map 9). Turflaagte, 278 (Map 9). on whch he and hs people are now located. There are under Moetlo a few of the Matebele followers of Kurumane wh o accompaned the latter when he was drven out by Lobengula. They resde at Groenfonten, 302, Map 9. The Batlako orgnally all honoured the Tlou (Elephant), but many of them are Chrstans now. Populaton : Men Women Chldren...93 Total 946

43 44 A small Secton of the Batlako are settled at Rugehoek or Tlaglaganyana, 426, Map 9; ther Headman beng Sbolaoe Tlogoane. Populaton : Men Women Chldren Total No. 9. BAMALETE, H ARTEBEESTFO N TEN. These are a Branch of the Bamalete from Ramoutsa who left that place about 5 years ago. Formerly they lved on the Marco Rver near where Rkkert s Dam s, and are now settled under the Petty Chef Mogobye. No. 0. BAGKOPA (BAGHOPA). On the 0th of May 864, Maleo, Chef of the Bagkopa, Trbe, was attacked at hs stronghold Thaba Ntshu by the Boers, asssted by the Swazes, and totally routed. Many of hs people were brought to Hedelberg Dstrct, and dstrbuted amongst the farmers. GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BATAUNG CHEFS, RU STEN BU RG. No. t. Selale 2. Mabue 3. Lesopa 4. Napo,, 5- Tau 6. Taone 7. Modse 8. Tse 9. Malosane 0. Khosane, Sefanyetso 2. Molfane Sefanyetso Z 0 - ^ -2. b o^oc 7 8 (present Chef) a

44 45 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE B A T O K W A CHEFS, ZOUTPANSBERG. Musma Kunwana Seran Mudalahot Masanyane (Chef of the Petersburg Branch) Ramakgopa Balel Mashaha Mamugudb (klled by the Bavenda Chef Ramavoya) Ramakgopa (Chef of the Spelonken Branch) GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BATLOKOA CHEFS, RUST ENBURG. Mosme Tsle Tsle Monageng Tsle Matlabane Mokoa Tau Kubong Makabe Bogatchoe. Kgos Matlapeng Gaberone Sdumed Kgos (Brtsh Bech. Matlapeng (Ded) Protectorate.) (Bultfonten 559, Transvaal.) Motsatse-Tlolwe (Present Chef. Grootfonten 30, Sbulawa Map 5, Transvaal.) (present Chef. Naauwpoort^ctfp _ Map 53, Transvaal.) n j u ' Molfe l Khasoane Tlolwe Bagachoe

45 46 G E N E A LO G C A L TRE E OF TH E B A N T W A N E CHEFS. Mokon Takhane. Mush Matabata. Ramatsed Muhlame Moroa Thebe Ramatsed Paled-Mathebe (present Chef) GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BANAREN G C H EFS. Sekukunuku Seapee. Maroth Ramatau Mashaba Serubela Selebulu Podle Ramatalare, Legadma Makaepa Selebulu (Daughter Ramatalare (Her) Moshut (Ded n prson n Pretora) Mamathlola (Wfe to Makaepa) present Cheftaness Moata. Makabata Selebulu (Actng Chef)

46 4(5 G E N E A LO G C A L TR E E OF TH E B A N T W A N E CH EFS. Mokon Takhane. Mush Matabata Ramatsed Muhlame Moroa Thebe Ramatsed Paled-Mathebe (present Chef) GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BANARENG C H EFS. Sekukunuku Serubela Podle Selebulu Ramatalare Moata. Ramatau Seapee Mashaba Legadma Makaepa (Daughter Selebulu Ramatalare (Her) Makabata Selebulu (Actng Chef) Maroth Moshut (Ded n prson n Pretora) Mamathlola (Wfe to Makaepa) present Cheftaness

47 47 G E N E A LO G C A L TR E E OF TH E BAPO CHEFS. Lotsane Majaka Tsoene Moruadone j Tsepe Mekhse (Chldless) Mamame Moerane Maste Mogal Manakana Ramanau Semetsu Botloka (by second wfe) r orudoane George Mogale Mogale Mogalnyane Kobue^ (Ded young) ' Darus Eneas 7 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BATLAKO C H EFS. Leemane. Rasbutoane.. Mutss Molotse Mab j f t l t L a c Y lc Jx U JU. Moetlo (Present Chef)

48 t 47 GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BAPO CH EFS. Lotsane Majaka Tsoene Moruadone Tsepe K >? orudoane Mekhse Mamame (Chldless) Moerane. Maste Manakana Ramanau Semetsu Botloka (by second wfe) UT" George Mogale! T t. Mogale Mogalnyane Kobue- "t-vt-w/n. (Ded young) Darus Eneas G EN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE BATLAKO C H EFS. Leemane Rasbutoane.. Mutss Molotse Moetlo (Present Chef) h e M c ^ u K o Jn.

49 'k / v \ J C h a p t e r X. BASUTO AND BAPED T RBES W H O CAME FROM THE N ORT H EAST.. H * * EA tr u u The Bakon orgnally all belonged to one Trbe whch came from somewhere near the Zambez. Ths Trbe travellng along the coast, entered the Transvaal at Palaboroa n the Low Country (Zoutpansberg), where they lved for some tme, but eventually shfted further west. A porton of the Trbe went to Mddelburg, another remaned n the Bokgaga Country, near Leydsdorp and the thrd and largest porton occuped the dstrct between Matlala s Locaton and Pet Potgeter s Rust. Later on, they moved to the Matlala Mountans, where they found a small Trbe, called Noepe, whch was easly subjected, but later on allowed to move on to Makgabeng, where th ey are now. After Matlala had been settled for some tme at the ste of hs present Locaton, one of hs sons, Rakod, travelled nto the Makgabeng and settled there wth hs people. Matlala thnkng that Rakod ntended to establsh hmself as an ndependent Chef, sent a force aganst hm and Rakod and a great number of hs people were klled. Rakod s sons, Matekga and Modyela then separated. The former settled n the Zoutpansberg Mountans, and the latter wth hs people occuped the country on the bank of the Magalakween Rver. They returned, however, to the Makgabeng Mountans when Umzlkatz passed through. Modyela was succeeded by Maputa, whose son, Matsena, now rules the people. Besdes Rakod, another son of Matlala moved to the Makgabeng Mountans, and the Headman of ths Secton s called Mambud. Another Secton, the Lekgal, left the Man Trbe and settled near the Woodbush where they are now. They are sad to have been great cattle theves and were called D-Pr (Hyenas). The present Chef who s an unrelable youth of 9 years of age, took over the Cheftanshp from hs mother, Knothe, about a year ago. The people of Kokona Lekgal are an off-shoot of ths Secton and the number of adult males s 250. The Secton of the Bakon whch remaned n the Bokgaga country s represented by : No.. M a a k e. The frst Chef who ruled ths dvson was called Maake. He was succeeded by hs daughter Male who moved the Trbe to the East bank of the Thabna Rver near ts source, n 838, where she became subject to the Noko Trbe under Legadmane. She ded about 876, and was succeeded by Nkwana, a grandsortof one of the wves whom she had taken accordng to the Sesuto custom to rase up seed on her behalf. Madalana, a son of another of these wves, dsputed the Cheftanshp and left wth a consderable followng for Modjadj s country, where he ded. Nkwana was succeeded by the present Chef who s a brother of the late Madalana. Durng the Anglo-Boer war, ths Trbe aded by Mohlaba Chef of the Nkuna Trbe, repulsed an attack made on them by Sekororo. No.2 M a h u p a. Ths Secton of the Bakon Trbe s sad to have mgrated from the Bokgaga country to ther present localty n Duvelskloof headed by ther Ch'ef Magutu, who was succeeded by Mampja or Tstatsawane. About the year 875, Stbele wshed to become Chef n place of hs old father Mampja who had to take refuge wth Sekhopo at Buffels, where he ded. Stbele ruled a short tme and ded. He was succeeded by Mahupa the present Chef. Ths Trbe refused 0 submt to Modjadj. n 894 Mahupa joned n the rebellon aganst the Boers and to escape mprsonment fled to Mashonaland from whence he returned n 902. The whole of the Trbe now lve on farms.

50 No. 3. T h e B a k o n w h o m o v e d o n t o M d d e l b u r g, are represented by : 49 (A) K O T O LE S AND P O K W A N E S PEO PLE. Th ey frst led a nomadc lfe but eventually settled wth Sekukun, where n the war of 878 they splt up nto two partes, \ \ z.: () Under Lekgolane, wfe of the late Chef Shkoane, son of Kotole; (2) Under Pokwane, who joned the Englsh sde. Lekgolane s Trbe are settled wthn Sekukunland under Ratente alas Kotole, the son of Shkoane and Lekgolane; Pokwane and hs people were placed on ther present locaton Mddelburg, by the late Government some years pror to the late Anglo-Boer war. (B) T SA N A S PEOPLE. These people joned the Trbe of the Lon under Masemola for a certan tme, but on the death of ther Chef Ntlad, hs two sons, Sesotuane and Lekoko, quarrelled about 40 years ago. Lekoko remaned wth the Lon Trbe on the farm Probeeren, No. 324, and Sesotuane went on to Moofonten, No. 366, where he lves under Morwangwato n the Mddelburg Dstrct. These Sectons of the Bakon Trbe have also adopted the Pr (Hyena) as ther emblem. Besdes all these sectons, strans of Bakon are to be found amongst the Mapela, Bakgatla and Bantwane Trbes. (C) BA-PHUTNG (D U K E R ). These people accepted the Duker as ther emblem, after ther separaton from the Bakon. They are represented by the people of Mpahlele, sub-dstrct Petersburg, dstrct Zoutpansberg. Famly name Leuba. No. of adult males 228. (D) B A K W E B O AND KOLOBE (BOAR TRBES). No.. Modjadj. No. 2. Sekgopo. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. Mamabolo and Jacob Sekwala Mamabolo. Kgopa. M uguboya. N o..- M o d j a d j. Ths secton of the Bokwebo Trbe speak a mxture of Tshevenda and Sesuto. The earlest known Chef was Mohale who came from Mashonaland about 50 years ago. Some clam that these people orgnally came from the Congo wth the people of Makwarela, Tshvase, and Sentmula. On Mohale s arrval here t s sad he found a few nhabtants of the country who were gnorant of the us'* of fre. The frst Cheftaness Modjadj was apponted by her father Mokoto, who feared that hs sons would quarrel over the Cheftanshp. She ded about 830, and was succeeded by Modjadj. who dd not nhert t!-e gcod qualtes of her mother as she was cruel and revengeful, but clever and a good organser. She dvded her country among a number of Petry Chefs on whom she leved Trbute. Each Chef had to gve her hs eldest daughter. The chldren by these she called her own. She herself lved n polyandry wth her councllors. Anythng savourng of cvlzaton was forbdden n her terrtory, and thus the late Rev. C. Knothe, superntendent of the Berln Msson Socety, the frst Mssonary who worked amongst her people, had a dffcult task. n 88, she caused a Petty Chef named Khashane to be klled for havng become a Chrstan wth 40 of hs followers, ncludng women and chldren. The son of ths Chef, however, managed to escape wth others and sought refuge wth the sad Mssonary. n 888, the country began to be occuped by the Boers. Modjadj was openly hostle and n 890 attacked them. General Pretorus then

51 50 made peace wth her. Shortly after she agan became hostle so that after the Malaboch war n 894, General P. Joubert forced her to move nto a locaton and sezed a large number of her cattle. Sr Theophlus Shepstone about 880, nssted on seeng her but her sster who was always produced on such occasons was shown to hm. After her death she was succeeded by Modjadj., the present Cheftaness who s marred to Mokoto and has an nfant son. Mokoto s practcally the head of the Trbe. Modjadj. was famous throughout the whole of South Afrca for her ranmakng powers. Even the Zulus came and asked for ran, brngng sx grls and a tusk of vory as an offerng. Approxmate number of adult males No.2. Sekgopo. Sekgopo was a son of Phetole who succeeded Mohale the frst Chef of Modjadj s. He left the man trbe wth a fewtfollowers and settled near Buffels hs present locaton. he name Sekgopo passed from Chef to Chef. The present Chef Mamakub Sekgopo, s a man of about 35 years of age. They speak the same dalect as the Modjadj Trbe. Approxmate number of male adults 400. No. 3. Mamabolo. These people who call themselves Kolobe (Wld Boar), are supposed to have once been part of the Modjadj trbe, whom they left about 50 years after ther arrval n ths country. They then settled on the Thabna and Letstele Rvers under a Chef named Manamele. Durng hs rule, a part under Ramahwvdu left the Thabna n 80, and settled at a place called Thoto n the Lydenburg dstrct where they lved for about 20 years. They agan moved and settled on the Mphogodba, Malep Rver, between Smthsdrft and the Woodbush, where they found a small trbe of Basuto under a Chef named Thema. Ths trbe was defeated and absorbed by the conquerors. Shortly after thu Ramahwvdu was klled n an acton wth a trbe on the Magakal. Hs son Seoloana Mamabolo succeeded hm, from whom the trbe took ts name. He was succeeded by hs son Marba, who had two sons, vz. : Mankoeng, by hs second wfe, and Sekwala, by hs thrd wfe. Mankoeng was apponted future Chef by hs father, and Sekwala feelng aggreved at ths, left hs father wth a numerous followng, thus becomng the founder of the Sekwala secton. He was succeeded by hs son Jacob Sekwala, lately of Turfloop. Sekwala, whose followng had ncreased consderably, afterwards attacked hs brother Mankoeng, but was defeated and fled to Mosethlu. Mankoeng, who had removed to near Haenertsburg stayed there for about 30 years; leavng ths place n about 876, he settled at Mafunane (Bergvle). n 878, the frst Mssonary, the late Rev. C. Knothe, superntendent of the Berln Msson Socety, establshed hmself at Woodbush. He was, however, not allowed to lve n peace by Mankoeng, and for ths obstructon the late Sr Theophlus Shepstone had Mankoeng punshed. n 880, Mankoeng ded and was succeeded by hs son Nkoshlo, who ded n 886. Setlomola the present Chef, beng too young to rule, the trbe was ruled by hs uncle Legadma who obtaned a locaton n 890. Setlomola took over the trbe n 896. Th'e trbe at frst refused to remove to the locaton ponted out to them but were compelled to do so n 897, after Legadma s death. Many of the Mamabolo people are scattered over farms on the Woodbush Mountans. The language spoken by the Mamabolo trbe s a purer Sesuto than that of the Modjadj. No. 4. K gopa. Kgopa s people were part of the Mamabolo trbe. They lve on Crown Lands on the Drakensbergen between Haenertsburg and the Olphants Rver. They broke away from RamalVwdvu on hs journey from Lydenburg to the Woodbush Mountans. They are of mnor mportance. No.5. M l G l HOYA. Ths secton s supposed to be the remanng porton of Manamele s trbe after the departure of Ramahwvdu wth hs followng. They settled on the Thabna about the

52 v 5 year 800. Very lttle s known of ths trbe. They do not seem to have removed from ther orgnal settlement. The present Chef s Reseke Muguboya, and hs people lve on the land lyng between the Thabna and the Ltsetele Rvers. Reseke Muguboya s fath'er was Lstje who when he ded was succeeded by hs brother Dawu, and after Dawu Reseke became Chef. Ths trbe s subject to Legadmane Chef of the Maff branch of the Sekukun trbe. Approxmate number of adult males : Mamabolo and Kgopa Muguboya Jacob Sekwala Mamabolo (C) M U T A LERQA (M O T H LA LERW A ). No.. M a k g o b a. These people are called the Mutaleroa Dhowu. About 50 years ago they lved at the present Lekgale locaton near Woodbush, wth the Molepo and Matabata trbes. Under Makgoba, ths secton moved to Makgoba s Kloof n about the year 800. The Molepo secton moved to ther present locaton, Mosha Molepo now beng the Chef. Ths trbe number about 200 adult men. n 894, the Makgoba Chef then rulng rebelled aganst the Boers. General Joubert attacked hm wth a large Swaz mp, who klled Makgoba and murdered the women and chldren who had retreated nto the large bush on the slope of the Woodbush Mountans. Makgoba s daughter s now Cheftaness. Her people, however, resde entrely on farms n the Haenertsburg dstrct. N o. 2. L u c a s S h o n g o a n, P a l a l a R v e r, W a t e r b e r g D s t r c t. These are known as the Setlaleroa people who are sad to have come from the North n the drecton of Buluwayo/* t s qute possble (?) that they belong to the same L ~ $ race as the Makgoba trbe. (D) V A R O U S C H EFS AND PETTY C H EFS N THE ZOUTPANSBERG DSTRCT. No.. Klen Makgato (Tau). Speakng the Batlokwa dalect. Number of adult males 300. No. 2. (A) Mojapelo; (B) Motba and Klen Motba, who are sad to have adopted the Moletsh dalect. The number of adult males s 220 and 200 respectvely. No. 3. Thsheun or Chuen and Maja, two Petty Chefs wth ther followng are sad to have adopted the Molepo dalect. No. 4. Maja, Petty Chef. The Basuto trbes who came from the North are sad to be members of the same secton of the Bantu race as those of Basutoland, but not havng been ruled by any powerful Chef who could have formed th'em nto one naton, and not beng able to proft from closer relaton wth cvlzed people, they are consderably nferor n all respects to ther brethren of Basutoland who had' moved further South. Ethnologcally speakng, all the Bechuana and Basuto are nferor to the Zulu races as regards physcal development; but mentally, th?ey seem to be superor to the latter, as they are keen traders, and possess great adaptabltes for learnng n general, and especally wth regard to languages. Although not as cruel as the Zulus, they are sad to be of a more treacherous dsposton and therefore not so relable, and also not so reserved n character. who

53 * 52 G E N E A LO G C A L TREE OF TH E MODJADJ CH EFS. Mohale Phetole Seale Mokoto. Modjadj (temale) Moshala-Nabo or Modjadj (Female) Modjadj or Seseloane (Female) (Present Cheftaness) GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE M AM ABOLO C H EFS. Ramahwvdu Seloana Mamabolo Nkoshlo (Ded) Mankoeng Setlomola Zwartboy (Present Chef of the Mamabolo Sekwala Jacob Sekwala (Present Chef of the Sekwala Secton of the Mamabolo Trbe) Legadma (Ded)

54 PART. C h a p t e r. (A) ZULUS. N o.. W a k k e r s t r o o m D s t r c t. About the mddle of the 8th century, a Chef named Magouondo of the Nkubeka trbe lved wth hs people on the ntemb Rver, n the Eastern part of ths dstrct. These people came from Zululand from whence they were drven by other trbes. On the death of Magouondo, hs son Jjla succeeded to the cheftanshp, and he n turn was succeeded by hs son Tulaszwe who was drven out by the Swazes. Tulaszwe fled to Newcastle n Natal where he ded. The heredtary Chef of ths trbe s Velap son of Tulaszwe, who lves n Natal. The trbe s now under Manyonyoba anoth er son of Tulaszwe, who was sent out of ths dstrct to Zululand on the termnaton of the Zulu war n 879, and has not snce lved n the Transvaal. Part of the trbe now lve n the ntomb Valley n ths dstrct, and part at Rorke s Drft n Zululand. No. 2. P e t R e t e f D s t r c t. Ths dstrct s peopled equally by Zulus and Swazes under headmen who formerly pad allegance to ther respectve Kngs n Zululand and Swazland. t was ceded to the South Afrcan Republc by the Swaz Kng n 868, n exchange for a number of cattle. A few years later, Cetewayo sent several of hs ndunas over the Pongolo Rver to settle, wth a vew to the expanson of hs Kngdom. n the year 849, a secton of the Zulu people was placed by the then Kng of Zululand n the Southern part of what s now the Pet Retef dstrct, under Masepula a Zulu commander. Masepula ded on the accesson of Cetewayo to the Zulu throne, and was succeeded by hs son Mabogo now lvng n Zululand. Another son, Stamb, now has charge of the porton of the trbe n ths dstrct. They acknowledge Dnzulu as ther paramount chef. No. 3. S t a n d e r t o n D s t r c t. After the capture of the Hlub chef Langalbalele n 873, a number of hs people settled here, and together wth some Barolong, Basuto, and Aman Debele, wth whom they have ntermarred, form the populaton of ths dstrct. (B) A M A N DEBELE. The Aman Debele are sad to be drectly descended from the Zulu race, and to have been one trbe under a chef named Mus. t appears that at that tme ths trbe was lvng at the Lundn near the Quathlamba Mountans. Mus had fve sons, Manala, Matomben, Dlomo, Ndzundza, and M Hwaduba. They all quarrelled over the ch'eftanshp; the result beng that the trbe splt up nto fve sectons, each under one of the above-mentoned chefs. Ndzundza, Manala, Matomben, and M Hwaduba, appear to have mgrated nto the Transvaal, whle Dlomo stayed n the orgnal Lundn. The Natves state that the mgraton was before Chaka s tme, and was not due to hm. Dlomo, however, was eventual

55 54 ly turned out by Chaka, and he and hs people went South. The remander of ths secton s beleved to be the Langalbalele people, whch would connect the trbe wth the Amahlub, who were drven out of Natal by Chaka. The sectons of the orgnal trbe who mgrated to the Transvaal and are all known as Ama N Debele can be traced at the present tme n the Transvaal. Ndzundza was the frst chef of the Mapoch trbe. Manala was the frst chef of the Mabena trbe. Matomben, Yakalala or Kekaan, th'e frst chef of the Kekaan trbes, and M Hwaduba was the frst chef of the Bahwaduba trbe. N o.. A m a n D e b e l e o f M a n a l a. The Manala secton after beng beaten by the Ndzundza secton, remaned n the Pretora dstrct, and subsequently settled dow n round about the part now known as Walmansthal, spreadng about n small groups where they were found by the Boers who employed them as farm hands. These people suffered at the hands of Umzlkatz whch probably accounts for ther present scattered condton. Although orgnally of pure Zulu blood, thev have ntermngled wth the Basuto Natves, and do not clam at the present day to be of a pure stran. The present chef s Mabena *), resdng at Walmansthal, North of Pretora. N o. 2. A m a n D e b e l e o f K e k a a n, W a t e r b e r g a n d Z o u t p a n s b e r g D s t r c t. Kekaan, Matomben or Yakalala, fought wth hs brother Ndzundza, founder of the Mapoch trbe for the cheftanshp and was defeated. He then fled wth hs follow ng and settled at Moletlane near the present kraal of Shkoane. He then founded the Kekaan trbe. On the death of the chef Chumana, grandson of Kekaan, hs two sons, Khoopa and Kgabe (Kgaba) fell out. Kgaba was defeated, and left wth hs followng, settlng near the the present ste of Pet Potgeter s Rust. Hs successors have snce lved there. The present chef s Valtyn Makapaan. Khoopa wth hs followng remaned at Moletlane, and he was the ancestor of the present chef Shkoane. Besdes these, there s another secton of the trbe whch appears to have 'eft the man trbe for some reason or other, and s now settled n the Mashashaan locaton, Zoutpansberg Dstrct. They are called the Letoaba Famly, and are represented by : No.. No. 2. No. 3. Cheftaness Mashashaan. Chef Jack Eland. Chef Jonathan Maraba. N o. 3 B a h w a d u b a o f P r e t o r a D s t r c t. The name Bahwaduba s taken from M'Hwaduba, a son of Mus. About the tme the quarrel took place between Manala and N Dzundza, a small number of the N Debele trbe were lvng together under M Hwaduba at Wonderboom Poort. Seven of ther chefs are sad to have lved and ded there, and t was only the eghth chef, Pete, who, fndng that the ground was losng ts productve powers, and that he was becomng closed n by other Natves, moved away to the farm Bultfonten, n the North Eastern part of the Pretora Dstrct. There they were attacked by Umzlkatz, many of ther numbers and ther stock beng carred away by the vctors. When Umzlkatz had passed through, the remnant of the trbe concentrated at a spot adjonng the locaton of the Mosetla secton of the Bakgatla. The late chef Zwartboy was a remarkable man, who was extremely old at the tme of hs death. The name of the present chef s Lpunu or Amos Mathbe f) These Natves have completely lost all trace of ther connecton wth the Aman Debele, and the chefs of the Bahwaf) Snee deceased. *) Subsequently deposed for ncompetency. Successor not yet apponted.

56 duba and Mosetla-Bakgatla famles are themselves related by blood to one another. The only sgns whch connect the Bahwaduba wth the Aman Debele are a few customs they have retaned. No. 4. N d z u n d z a o r M a p o c h S e c t o n. Ndzundza was the frst chef of the Mapoch Secton of the Aman'Debele trbes. He was succeeded by hs descendants accordng to order, as wll be seen from the tree. Ndzundza settled at Ndubas or Steelpoort n the Mddelburg Dstrct and ded there. Nothng s known of the ntervenng chefs untl the tme of Magodongo, when Umzlkatz swept the whole of ths country, conquerng the chef Magodongo wth an overwhelmng force, whle on Ms way to the North. Magodongo hmself was klled, and the trbe lost all ther property. Two temporary actng chefs, Somdeg and Sboko, then appear to have succeeded n turn, rulng the trbe for ther neph'ew who was stll a mnor. Somdeg was klled by Umzlkatz on hs return from the North, and the trbe agan scattered. Sboko then succeeded but was klled by the Basuto under the chef Matlala. Maboko (Mapoch), who then succeeded, wthstood two attacks by the Swazes under the chef Jmswaz, and one attack made on hm by Sekukun the Baped chef. The frst menton of the Boers n conjuncton wth the Swazes, who seem to have joned forces. The name of the Boer commandant was Pet Nel. The next menton of the Dutch s when saak Oosthuzen came and asked Maboko for permsson to buld on hs land, whch he obtaned on the payment of cattle to the chef. Nothng further happened tll Nyabela became actng chef for Fene who was then a mnor. After the Sekukun war all the chefs n the Transvaal were summoned to Pretora, presumably to take the Oath of Allegance, and also to pay taxes. Nyabela refused to pay taxes to the Boers, sayng that he belonged to the Englsh. Mr. Henrque Shepstone, (son of Sr Theophlus Shepstone) then went to Steelpoort and told the Natves to pay taxes. Ths they dd, but the money was left wh Nyabela untl Mr. Shepstone s return, when he was to get t. n the meantme, Pet Joubert came wth a commando to clam the money, but Nyabela refused to gve t up. Ths started the Mapoch war, n whch the Boers were helped by all the Basuto trbes. Nyabela was beseged for about nne months. At last the Boers called Nyabela down to ther laager. He came wth a few* followers and was taken prsoner. Nyabela sent an order to hs brother Yafta to come down wth all the people. They came and the whole trbe was splt up n 883, and sent to dfferent farms n varous dstrcts of the Transvaal. Nyabela was kept n prson untl about 898. He ded n 903, and Fene Mahlangu s now the chef. Durng thfe lfetme of Magodongo, a small number of Natves separated from the Mapoch people, gong North to Moletlane or Sbdele s country, n the Waterberg dstrct. Here they remaned for many years, fnally leavng that par' and once more jonng the Manala Famly wth the chef Luto. When the country was beng dvded nto farms by the Boers, these Natves moved away and settled on the farm Bultfonten n the North Eastern porton of the Pretora Dstrct, where they are at present ruled by a petty chef known as Mahlangu. Ths small secton acknowledge themselves to be of the Ndzundza or Mapoch trbe. (C) THE BLACK AM AN DEBELE TRBES. No.. O f C h e f H a n s M a s b. No.2. O f C h e f B ackebercx M a s b. These two chefs resde n adjacent locatons, and rule the Ba-Langa people, whose hstory may be brefly summarsed as follows : The Ba-Langa or Mapela people are sad to have come from Zululand. Movng up the coast they eventually settled near the present ste of Leydsdorp under the chef Langalbalele. They then moved across the Woodbush Mountans and settled near the present ste of Petersburg. Langa was succeeded n the drect lne by Mapuso, Podla and Masb. Sertarta was chef about 750, and was succeeded by hs son Mapela, who took possesson of the land now occuped by tlfe trbe. Mapela ded about 825, and was succeeded bv hs grandson Magopane, whose father Malus had pre-deceased hm. Magopane beng

57 too young to rule, hs uncle Malaya was apponted actng chef. Magopane took over the cheftanshp about 830, and ded n 877. He was succeeded by hs son Masb who commtted sucde about 890, and both sons, Hans and Backeberg, clamed the cheftanshp. The Government of the late South Afrcan Republc then stepped n and apponted them both chefs, and the people were allowed to become the subjects of whchever clamant they preferred. (D) D A V D SE L K A KOBE. Resdence Beauty, Nylstroom Sub-Dstrct. 56 Davd Selka Kobe and hs trbe are of mxed N Debele and Makalaka blood, and some of hs trbe are of dfferent races. Hs grandfather collected the people from scattered unts, and they settled on the present land practcally on sufferance of old Mapela, to whom they pad trbute. They fnally threw off Mapela s yoke, and constant frcton set n between th ese trbes. When the Boers took up arms aganst Mapela, n the year 860, Kobe s people went to lve at Nwapa n Kama s country, n the Bechuanaland Protectorate, but were drven out by hm n 886, for dsobedence of hs orders. Durng the Boer-Basuto wars Kobe s people asssted the Natves. GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE A M A N DEBELE C H EFS. Amahlub? Mahangu. Mus Manala Matomben or Yakalala or Kekaan (Founder of the Kekaan Trbes, Waterberg and Zoutpansberg) M Hwaduba (Founder of Bahwaduba, Pretora Dstrct) Ndzundza (Founder of the Mapoch Trbe) Dlomo (Cape Colony) M Paful M Paful (Pafur) the Bavenda Chef, see page 67 Part. Nyumba Mabena (Pretora Dstrct Chef)

58 K EKAAN TRBE. Kekaan Phukuana Chumana Tfaxy** r\<^c{%a*jl*jjl, ^AuXk <UL& - ^ ouaju VovV^v<s^<X>4 ^4w(v«r»v*~4. Khoopa Sllo. Zebedele Mamgebe Boreld Pl Shkoane (Present Chef at Moletlane) cu^c qvl+- Kgaba Bambela Magombane Gwenana Chumana Sekoamad Mofo XW\-Vfv VVVw^3AJV^ Makapaan Lekgobo or Valtyn Makapaan (Present Chef at Makapaan) NDZUNDZA TRBE. Magodongo. r Maboko or Mapoch Ndzundza Mkgetsha Makopod Bongwe So m aka Mahangu!. Uardle _ L '. Somdeg Sboko Mkepula Fene Mahangu (Present Chef) Nyabela (Acted for Fene whle he was a Mnor) Yafta (Mddelburg Dstrct Petty Chef to Fene)

59

60 C h a p t e r. THE BATSONGA O R BAGW AM BA. The trbes known as Shangaans, Ba-Tsonga or Ama-Thonga, Ma-Gwamba, A- Mahlangana or Knobneuzen, are sad to belong to one race. The name of Shangaan s very old. The French Mssonares who came n 833 to Basutoland, menton t n ther books. The name of Ba-Tsonga or Ama-Thonga was gven by the Zulus to the trbes they conquered on the East Coast. Ths name s also found n Nyassaland where the A-Gon (Zulus) and the A-Thonga (Shangaans), occupy two terrtores. The same name s also pronounced Ba-Djonga by the Delagoa Bay Natves, who call themselves Ba-Ronga. A trbe whch does not seem to be related to these people s called Ba-Thoka, who lve on the Zambez. The name of Ma-Gwamba was gven to the Refugee trbes, who came to the Transvaal n the tme of Albasn, by the Ba- Venda. The Basuto called them Ma-Kwapa as t was then the custom of these people to swear by Gwambe, who to them was the frst man and who (they beleve) came out pf a reed. The name of Knobneuzen comes from the old custom of the trbe to tattoo themselves by cuttng on ther faces peces of skn whch' they rolled nto lttle knobs, especally on ther noses. The Ama-Thonga always lke to pass as Zulus, and yet they really hate the Zulus as ther oppressors. THE EM G RATO N OF THE ZULUS. Durng the regn of Tshaka (Chaka) the frst great Zulu chef, a number of chefs left ther country on account of hs cruel and despotc rule. Umzlkatz went towards the West, and upon beng drven by the Boers he went to Matebeleland and founded there a Kngdom on Tshaka s lnes. Another chef named Ngoqwen, seceded from hs trbe wth hs warrors n 825, and arrved at the Zambez, makng hs resdence on the sland of Senna. After hm, two other chefs Manukos and Songandaba, left ther country and moved up along the coast. They conquered trbe after trbe of the Shangaans and arrved n the very fertle plan of Blene whch s watered by the Lmpopo n the same way as Egypt s by the Nle. n the meantme, other smaller chefs followed ther example. One of them, Ngaba, was drven by the frst two conquerors nto the Drakensberg n the Sofala country. Manukos and Songandaba then separated. Manukos remaned n the Blene and Songandaba left for new felds of plunde towards the North, followng the coast. Tshaka sent an army to follow Manukos who left the Blene for a tme and after fghtng wth Songandaba and Ngoqden, establshed hs Kngdom from Delagoa Bay to the Zambez, teachng all those conquered trbes Zulu-warfare and the slave-system. He made hs captal n the Mountans of Mosapa (the old Monomotapa ) n Mashonaland. n 833 he destroyed the Portuguese Garrson at nhambane and n 834, he dd the same at Lourenzo Marques. At ths tme one of the trbes of the Ba-Thonga the Ba-Nkuna fled before Manukos and wth ts chef Shluvane (actually Mohlaba) settled n the Haenertsberg dstrct wh ere they are to ths day. Manukos, who ded n 858, had two sons, of whom Mozla or Umzla was the elder, but accordng to Zulu custom, Mawewe, son of the frst wfe bought by the Naton for ts Kng, was the true her A long feud between these two brothers followed durng whch the people suffered consderably. Mozla beng for a tme the weaker, sought refuge n the Spelonken near a kopje called Shthungulu. Joao Albasn, a Portuguese, who had been a prsoner of the Zulu chef n hs youth, and who had lve^l the lfe of a natve n polygamy, was then formng a nucleus of Shangaan refugees who had learned Zulu-warfare and bult a fort at Psangkop Spelonken. Albasn was fond of drawng as many Ba-Thonga as possble to the country to help hm to hold the country for the Boers. Umzla, however, was too strong for hm, and when Paul Kruger who was then commandant came to the Spelonken,

61 60 Albasn sent a secret message to Umzla that he would be attacked and that he had better flee at once. Umzla then left for Mosapa and thus the Boers got rd of hm. Albasn and hs Shangaans also asssted the Boers n ther war wth the Bavenda chef Makhato. Mawewe, who durng all those years terrorzed the whole country of Gazaland and Blene and whose cruelty and depredatons made hm hated by all the coast trbes, was then attacked by hs brother Mozla, who had been called back by the Portuguese and the Natve chefs. Mozla was at frst defeated and oblged to flee to the Tembe, south of Lourenzo Marques but wth the help of the Portuguese and the Natve chef Magude, he attacked hs brother for the second tme and overcame hm. Mawewe took refuge wth the Swazes whence he made numerous rads nto the Ba-Thonga country, and for about ten years there was no peace between Mozla s and Mawewe s followers. Mawewe ded n Swazland n 879 or 880, leavng a small remnant of hs people under hs son Hangane, who s now settled near Khocaland on the nkomat. Mozla ded n 884, at hs captal at Mosapa. Hs son Ngungunyane left ths resdence and settled at Mandlakaz, not tar from the Lmpopo. He then quarrelled wth hs headman who asked the Portuguese to nterfere. A war followed n whch Ngungunyane was defeated, taken prsoner and sent to the Azores. Albasn became chef of all the Shangaans he had nduced to mmgrate, and was moreover apponted Natve Commssoner by the Boer Government, and after the annexaton by the Brtsh, Sr Owen Lanyon confrmed hs appontment. The fact that these Shangaans had been freed from ther Natve customs and the tyranny of the chefs nduced them to accept cvlsaton and nstructon much qucker than other trbes. The Swss Msson was the frst to ntroduce Chrstanty and cvlsaton among them n 873. and the names of the Rev. E. Creux, and the Rev. P. Berthoud, may be mentoned as poneers. When these Shangaans became more settled, some of them began to wander Southwards and are now to be found n the Petersburg and Pretora dstrcts* Under the late Government the Natve Commssoner was nvarably Ex Offco chef over these people and had power to settle all nternal dsputes and Lobolo cases as such. Ths has now been done away wth. After the so-called Knobneuzen (Knobnose) locaton was beaconed off for these Shangaans, only a few small headmen took advantage of t, as the ground alloted to them s dry, waterless, and very unhealthy. Whereas the other chefs preferred to reman on farms where they have better ground, notwthstandng the fact that they had ether to work for the owners of the farms or pay rent. Many of these Shangaans have also settled n the Tshvasa (Sbasa) dstrct. The Nkuna trbe as above mentoned, left Portuguese terrtory under the chef Shluvane (Slubana) n order to escape Manukos s rule. They frst settled near Leydsdorp, where they remaned for three years under the protecton of the cheftaness Male of the Maake (Bakon) trbe. About the year 858, Shluvane and hs trbe, whch had been greatly reduced n number (owng to a rad made on the Basuto chef Mampja, by Matjeketjve, a brother of Shluvane), moved to the headwaters of the Selat where they remaned untl about 868, when they were attacked by Mutje chef of the Maff trbe and had to retre to Modjadj s country, where they remaned under the protecton of Modjadj untl about 873. They were now attacked by Albasn, who wanted Shluvane to jon hm, and drven to the farm Sedan, now called Slubana, where they remaned three years under the protecton of Male, and eventually settled on the left bank of the Letstele at whch place Shluvane ded two years after ther arrval. After hs death the secton.whch' had separated from the trbe returned and n 886, Mohlaba the son of Shluvane was apponted chef. At ths tme the Rev. Mr. Thomas of the Swss Msson, commenced work amongst the trbe and as a result of hs efforts, Mohlaba, and Maake the chef of the Maff trbe both had a smple educaton. Mohlaba s now 34 years of age and s unversally lked as a trustworthy, capable, and progressve chef. Durng the late Anglo-Boer war, Mohlaba helped Maake to repulse an attack made on them by Sekororo. The Nkuna trbe chefly occupy the Harmony Propretory Company s Farms, and the land lyng between the Selat and Thabna Rvers down as far as the Great Letaba. From what s to be learnt from the Natves, the chefs of the Nkuna trbe are supposed to be related to the Swaz chefs; others clam that they came from Zululand. Besdes the above-mentoned Shangaans, there are the Baloy of the Haenertsburg and Mddelburg dstrcts; the Ama-Hlangana (?) of

62 6 Mddelburg and Barberton dstrcts; and the Ama-Tshangaan of the Mddelburg dstrct, who also entered the Transvaal for the same reasons as the above-mentoned trbes. t was the polcy of the late Government to encourage petty Shangaan chefs to set up for themselves, so that there are no really powerful Shangaan chefs to be found at the present day wthn the Transvaal. SW A ZES. The Swaz who occupy the country known as Swazeland, are also met wth n the Transvaal n the followng dstrcts: No.. B a r b e r t o n D s t r c t. On the death of Mswaz, many natves fled from Swazeland to escape beng sacrfced and sough*t the protecton of the Transvaal Authortes n the Barberton Dstrct. Among these were two wves of M Swaz, vz. : ( ) Nyanda alas Mac-Mac, who establshed herself on the slopes of the Mountans overlookng Louw s Creek; and (2) Nomqcza alas Nompete, w7ho occuped the ground extendng from the Southwest of Barberton to the Crocodle Rver. These two cheftanesses were joned from tme to tme by ther followers or other refugees from Swazeland, and have remaned there ever snce. No. 2. W a k k e r s t r o o m D s t r c t. t appears that about the mddle of the 8th century, a chef named Mate of the Nkos Tshabalala trbe (of Swaz orgn), w^as the most powerful chef n ths part. He lved at th'e Mehlongamvula Mountans, and was succeeded by hs son Mandhlangomps, who was agan succeeded by hs son Smahla. Smahla was drven out by M Swaz the Swaz Kng and fled to Basutoland. The trbe remaned and has snce then been lvng under the present chef Mahlomendhlen, a younger brother of Smahla. He s now about 70 years of age. No. 3. E r m e l o D s t r c t. That part of the dstrct not nhabted by the followers of the Mosuto chef Gama, s nhabted by Swazes. No. 4. C a r o l n a D s t r c t. Ths dstrct s peopled almost entrely by Swazes. The Komat Valley has for a very long tme been looked upon by the Swaz chefs as ther terrtory as thfey clam to have drven therefrom the former nhabtants, who are sad to have been Basuto. The Western part of the dstrct s nhabted by members of varous trbes, who have from lme to tme come n and settled on farms. No. 5. P e t R e t e f D s t r c t. Ths dstrct formerly formed part of the Swaz terrtory, and comparatvely recently ceased to be so. t was ceded to the South Afrcan Republc by the Swaz Kng n 868, n exchange for a number of cattle. At that tme t was peopled almost entrely by Swazes, Out a few years later some Zulus mmgrated who Vave also settled there. N o. 6. M d d e l b u r g D s t r c t. n the Mddelburg dstrct a few Swazes are to be found on the Crocodle Rver. THE BA-TAU O R THE LON TRBES, DSTRCTS M D D E L B U R G AND LYDEN B U R G. The people of the Lon trbe are sad to be descended from the Swazes of the East of South Afrca. The tree shows how they became sub-dvded nto dfferent sectons : They came to the ste of the present Magale locaton under Matlebyane. who, beng gulty of murder, left hs father s country at Tsoako. He ruled a very long tme and s sad to have conquered the Ba-Tlou, Ba-Kolobe, and other trbes who became hs subjects. When He was an old man and had become qute mbecle, hs sons conspred

63 62 to kll hm, and Poto carred out the deed. By the murder of ther fathe they had forfeted the rght of beng elected to the cheftanshp, and separated from each other after a bloody feud. About the tme of Masemola, the then chef of the Masemola Secton, the Ba-Tlou and the Ba-Kolobe tred to throw off the yoke of the Ba-Tau, but w^ere defeated n the encounters whch followed. When Mokoene was chef of the Masemola, the Ba-Matau are sad to have entered nto an allance wth the Bakgatla. At the tme of Tseke., the people of the Lon trbe became subject to the Baped chef and from that tme adopted the Seped language and customs. Mabooe, grandson of Tseke. was a contemporary of Tulare the great Baped chef, who ded n 824. After Sekgatume, who had been klled by the Matebele n the war aganst the Baped, Magale s mother ruled the trbe durng hs mnorty from about 835 to 838. When Sekukun. became chef of the Baped n 86, the Ba-Matau tred to regan ther ndependence, but were beaten. Magale ded n about 874, and was succeeded by hs son Tseke., the present chef of the Masemola secton, Magale locaton, dstrct North Mddelburg. When the Boers took the feld aganst Mampuru, the Baped chef, who had fled to Nyabela tht Mapoch chef, Tseke. refused to assst them when asked to do so, and was subsequent fned ; oo. After the Ba-Matau had become vassals of the Baped they took an actve part n nearly all the wars the latter had wth both whte and black. They have lost ther orgnal natonalty, and are now looked upon as Baped-Basuto. BAVENDA O R BATSOETLA. The Bavenda form a dstnct group of the Bantu races of South Afrca, and do not appear to be closely related or alled to any of the other trbes. Ther language seems to be a brdge between Sesuto and Sekalanga. Ther customs and relgon dffer very materally from those of other Bantu trbes. They occuped ther present habtatons about the year 700, havng wandered from ther homes n the lower Congo basn, where t s understood a branch of ther trbe stll dwell. Varous proverbs and sayngs ndcate that the sea was not qute unknown to them, and that they had ntercourse wth Europeans probably wth the Portuguese, who dscovered the Congo estuarv as far back as the 5th century. On ther arrval here they found the land n the possesson of the Bangona, whom they speedly overcame by means of ther posoned arrows. A few of the Bangona Prests were allowed to reman n order to admnster to the sprts of the sacred Rver Madzndul. The Bavenda are sad to have frst entered the Transvaal from the North, about A.D. 700, and to have spread over the whole of the Zoutpansberg Range down to the Lmpopo. They are now located almost entrely n the Spelonken, and Tshvasa dstrcts, the latter contanng the larger porton of the trbe. Toho-ea-Ndou (Elephant s Head) s the most revered chef of these people. Besdes the Bangona who were almost extermnated, the Makalanga n Mashonaland, and many of the Basuto trbes to the South, were subject to hm. He bult a town named Dzada n the Njelele Valley, and establshed hs headquarters there. Traces of ths town stll reman and t s sad that the stones wth whch t was bult were brought up from Mashonaland bv the trbutary Makalanga. The buldngs resemble those of the famous Zmbavje runs n plan and t s supposed that the latter served as a model to Toho-ea-Ndou. On the death of ths chef the country was ruled jontly by hs sons and peace prevaled for many years H t b _ tjjj s ekwat chef of the Baped trbe, attacked the Bavenda and despoled them of nany ^ ^ ' 0 cattle. The Bavenda, however, took refuge n the Mountans and when the Baped followed them there, the Bavenda drove them back wth heavy loss. Shortly after ths a Zulu chef; named Ngwana, s sad to h ave made an ncurson from the East, and only on account of the naccessblty of ther mountan fastnesses, dd the Bavenda escape extermnaton. After these Zulus had occuped the country for about two years, they were drven North by another Zulu chef named Songandaba, who had come from Zululand wth Manukos. These Zulus, however, dd not make a long stay and eventually left the country for the North. nternal feuds now followed between Ramavoyana or Ramovana, and Ramapulana, the sons of the Bavenda chef Mpofo, whch occasoned much bloodshed, untl Ramapulana wth'the assstance of the Boers under H. Potgeter obtaned the cheftanshp. He

64 63 dd not regn n peace as the Boers who had settled at Schoemansdal, were not peaceful neghbours. Not feelng qute safe he fled to Tshvasa leavng hs son Davana n charge of the trbe wfo was, however, taken prsoner by the Boers. After Ramapulana s death hs twelfth son, Makhato, was apponted chef by both the Boers and the Natves. At frst he acted as a vassal of the Boers, comng when he was called and sendng them boys. Ths however dd not last long and the Boers were oblged to send a force aganst Makhato and hs uncle Matsh, but notwthstandng the fact that they were asssted by Davana, and by the Swazes and the Shangaans under Albasn, ther expedtons were not successful, and the Bavenda never admtted defeat although they had sustaned heavy losses. Makhato ded n 895, havng before hs death accordng to general acknowledgement, nomnated the son of hs favourte wfe as hs successor. Ths son s name was Mamo. But Makhato s eldest son Mpefu would not recognse Mamo whom he expelled wth the ad of hs brother Sntmula. Mpefu then took up hs resdence n the head kraal and Sntmula settled at Neshefefe, whereas Mamo fled to Mr. C. Brstow s farm Sweetwater. n July 896, Mpefu sent an mp aganst Sntmula, who took refuge under Mr. J. D. Gll, near the Elm Hosptal. There he remaned tll May 898, when he went to Pretora. n the meantme Mpefu had been consoldatng hs power and was becomng so arrogant that he was a menace to the Europeans lvng near the boundary of hs terrtory. Accordngly n 898, a Boer commando was rased. After very lttle fghtng Mpefu and hs followers fled to Mashonaland. Sntmula was then gven a ste on the flats south of the mountans, where he stll s. Durng, and snce the late Anglo-Boer war many of Mpefu s followers have come back and settled on ther old stes. They stll adhere to Mpefu who has snce been permtted to return from exle, and settle upon a new locaton n the Zoutpansberg dstrct. Sntmula s sad to have about 6000 fghtng men n the Northern part of the Spelonken, and South of the Zoutpansbergen there are some 3000 to 4000 more under twenty-two petty chefs. Another petty chef, Mamala, lves among the Ba venda n the Spelonken wth a small mxed followng. He s sad to have come from the terrtory now occuped by Modjadj n the Haenertsburg dstrct. The Bavenda of the Spelonken are thought to have profted from ther experences n the 898 war, and to be unwllng to try conclusons wth the whte men agan. n the Tshvasa dstrct the Bavenda of Tshvasa, Pafur, Ramputa, Lomondo, j\latzbandela, and Netseanda, are to be found. The dstrct takes ts name from Tshvasa (Sbasa), whch name s heredtary wth the successve chefs of ths secton of the trbe. The present Tshvasa s real name s Ramaramsa. Hs followng s a large one,and ncludes about 8824 adult males. The Bavenda chef next n mportance s Makwarella, also known by the heredtary name of Pafur, whose prncpa^kraal s Mbelo, about 40 mles Northeast of Lous Trchardt. Though ths chef s not drectly descended from Toho-ea-Ndou, yet he s consdered to be of hgh lneage, and has a consderable followng amountng to bour fghtng men. Another chef named Ramputa, has some 2000 fghtng men and t» ere are a number of lesser chefs, such as Lomondo, Matzbandela, and Netseanda, whose fghtng men aggregate nearly The Bavenda of ths dstrct also took part n th e varous nter-trbal wars dealt wth already, but have never come nto drect collson wth European forces. n the Mpefu war of 898, they held entrely aloof by mutual agreement between the Boers and themselves. There have been some slght dsturbances durng the present year n ths dstrct resultng n fghtng between the crcumcsed and uncrcumcsed sectons of the trbe n whch the latter had the advantage. TOHO-EA-NDOU. Toho-ea-Ndou s sad to have been a descendant of Tabane (Davana).,. Bakgatla chef, who came to Zoutpansberg wth a strong followng leavng hs two sons Lale and Matlasane n charge of the rest of the trbe, whch remaned at Schldpadtonten, Pretora dstrct. After establshng hmself as paramount chef of the Javenda trbes, whch he had conquered, Tabane and h's followers marred Bavenda women and thus ther descendants are now looked upon as Bavenda, but ths nformaton s not authentc.

65 Tabane s mmedate descendants would th'us appear to be as follows : 64 Tabana (Davana). Tabane (Davana) n. Vele. Toho-ea-Ndou Vele. BALEMBA O R M ALEPA. Among the Bavenda people and also among the other natve trbes of Zoutpansberg, thfere are scattered remnants of a trbe called the Balemba by the Bavenda and the Malepa by the Basuto. They have no representatve chef and nothng s known of ther orgn. Some clam that they are Mahomedans. Ther chef characterstcs, * whch dstngush them from the other natve trbes, are : () They do not nter-marry wth the other natve trbes : (2) they do not eat pork, nor flesh slaughtered by any other than ther own people, nor flesh from anmals whch have ded a natural death; (3) they hold prayer meetngs; (4) they shave ther heads at every new moon; ths they all do men, women, and chldren; (5) they are good bracelet and other Natve ornament makers, and are very sklful n makng earthenware pots. Tlfose lvng amongst the Bavenda stll speak the Lukalanga language amongst themselves. Thfey are usually looked down upon by the other natve races. They are subject to the respectve chefs under whom they lve. B U Y S PEOPLE, ZOUTPANSBERG. On the farms Mara, Buysdorp, Buyshoek and Buysplaats n the Zoutpansberg, there are resdent a number of coloured people known as the Buys People. They are supposed to be the descendants of a renegade Dutch Colonst, named Schooraad or Conrad de Buys whb n the early days of Umzlkatz fled from justce n the Cape Colony, and proceeded North to the Lmpopo, where he adopted the customs of the natves and quckly acqured great nfluence over them. He had marred a natve grl n the Cape Colony by whom he had three sons Conrad, Gabrel, and Mguel, the jast of whom s the present chef of the trbe. On the death of hs frst wfe he went nto Portuguese terrtory where he marred an European woman. As he dd not return hs sons gave hm up for lost and decded to further explore the country. Ths they dd for a number of years movng from place to place wth ther natve wves. They settled for some tme at the place now known as Schoemansdal then moved to near Lous Trchardt, after whch they dwelt at Buyskop near Warmbaths, ' for a number of years. When the Boer Voortrekkers came to Warmbaths, they were joned bv the Buys People, who had by ths tme largely ncreased n numbers. They accompaned the Trekkers to Schoemansdal, and after remanng there for some years, moved to ther present place of resdence whch was condtonally allotted to them by the South Afrcan Republc Executve Councl. Ths tend has now been properly surveyed and s beng transferred to the Commssoner or Natve Affars as Trustee. Mguel Buys has always been regarded as the head of the Buys People. Ther language s Sesuto and Cape Dutch. The Buys People have never shown hostlty towards whte people, ether Brtsh or Dutch, and mndful of the whte blood n ther vens have always refused to submt to natve chefs, (e.g. Mpefu). Numbers of aborgnal natves also resde on ths land. THE VAALPENS. There are a few scattered groups of Vaalpens (dusty belles a name gven to them by the Boers owng to ther colour, caused t s sad, by ther habt of crawlng along the ground when stalkng game), a Hottentot-Bushman people, who are found n the Zoutpans-

66 65 berg and other dstrcts, occupyng the sterle plans, especally along the Magalakween Rver. They were greatly reduced n numbers by the Mapela-Arran Debele, who once nearly extermnated them. NATVE A FFA R S DEPARTM ENT. Pretora, 5th August, 905. GEN EALOGCAL TREE OF THE CHEFS OF THE BA-TAU TRBES. Lepono Manokgotse Koto Nkwane? Ngwato? Matlebyane. Selloane Mabale (Founder (Founder of the of the Mpanama and Pasoana Secton Pahla Sectons Dstrct Dstrct North Lydenburg) Mddelburg) Mokoene Bapele Tseke. Mabalane Poo Masemola Tsetseoe Makoenyane (Founder of the Madbaneng Secton, Dstrct* Mddelburg) Seono (Founder of the Mankutsana Secton. Lydenburg) Poto (Founder of the Marulaneng Secton, Dstrct Lydenburg r r Tsebesebe _ Mabooe Sekgatume ' f o L l ffr/lm agale Matebyane. (Founder of the Marshane Secton, Dstrct North Mddelburg) J Tseke. (Present Chef of the Masemola Secton n the Magale Locaton, Dstrct North Mddelburg.

67 66 C H E F S O F S U B - S E C T O N S. Seono Mokoenyane Nkotsana Komane Mokhuloane Mantshd or Kaalkop (Chef of the Mankutsana Shako Sekukunland M a n k o p a n a * Komane (Chef of the Mankopana Secton, Dstrct Secton, Dstrct Lydenburg) Lydenburg) J ftu w r Sefoke Mokalapa Ntshke Mpshe Matshalane. Madse. Legeleru Moetlo! Matshalane n. Madse. (Chef of the Legare Marotsoaneng Secton, Dstrct Noanamarutla Mddelburg) (Chef of the. Madbaneng Secton, Dstrct Mddelburg) Matlebyane n. j Mar shane.. Otmle. Morwanwato Otmle. Ttus Mogaletloe Chef of the Morulaneng Matlebyane h. Secton, near Pokwane, Dstrct Mddelburg). Makgadle (Chef of the Marshane Secton, Dstrct North Mddelburg)

68 67 GEN EALOGCAL TREE O F THE BAVENDA C H EFS. Tabane (Davana) Vele* Toho-ea-Ndou Vele MTofo (M Pefu) Ramapulana Davana M Pefu (Stll n Exle) Makhato Sntmula Pafur (M Paful). t J Masnd Pafur Makwarella Mamo Tshvasa Ramarumo. Tshvasa Ramaramsa (The present Tshvasa) (Sbasa) Rambora A descendant of one of Toho-ea-Ndou s Under-Chefs. Rambutu f M Paful. was a son of Mus the Amandebele (Zulu)-Chef. He left hs brothers and movng North eventually settled n the Tshvasa Dstrct where he became a vassal of the Bavenda Chef. H s descendant s the present M Paful (Pafur) known as M akwarella (see also Page 56, Part.