Referring Youth in Juvenile Justice Settings to Mentoring Programs:

Transcription

1 Referrig Youth i Juveile Justice Settigs to Metorig Programs: Effective Strategies ad Practices to Improvig the Metorig Experiece for At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth A RESOURCE COMPENDIUM September 2012 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS J. Mitchell Miller, Ph.D. Holly Vetura Miller, Ph.D. J.C. Bares, Ph.D. Pamela A. Clark, Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Michael A. Joes, Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Roald J. Quiros, Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Scott Berard Peterso, Global Youth Justice

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3 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research A ew study supported by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP), U.S. Departmet of Justice, idetifies effective practices ad strategies to improve the metorig experiece for at-risk ad high-risk youth who are ivolved i the juveile justice system. Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs: A Exploratory Aalysis examies best practices for referrig youth to metorig whe they are i certai juveile justice system settigs, icludig Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio, Deliquecy Court, Youth/Tee Court ad Depedecy Court. As a low-cost deliquecy prevetio ad itervetio optio that capitalizes o the resources of local commuities ad carig idividuals, metorig has emerged as a promisig deliquecy reductio strategy for at-risk or high-risk youth. This research study, which used multiple methods to capture data from metorig ad juveile justice settigs, provides a deeper uderstadig of how youth are referred to metorig, challeges faced durig the referral process, examples of effective strategies to face the challeges ad actio steps. The research was coducted by a team that icluded Global Youth Justice, Natioal Partership for Juveile Services, MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership ad crimial justice researchers from the Uiversity of Texas at Sa Atoio. Statemet of the Problem Research demostrates that specific metorig models ad programmatic elemets ca improve youg lives ad, evetually, adult productivity. Youth who participate i evidece-based metorig relatioships demostrate better school attedace, a greater likelihood of goig o to higher educatio ad a better attitude toward school tha o-metored youth (Jekielek, Moore ad Hair, 2002). Moreover, studies of metorig programs show that metorig relatioships ca reduce egative youth behaviors ad prevet substace abuse (Jekielek, et. al., Dubois, 2002). Metorig also has the capacity to build proactive tedecies (Lerer, 2007) by icorporatig positive youth developmet philosophy, bolsterig protective factors ad fosterig resiliecy. Participatio i metorig stregthes positive social attitudes ad peer relatioships. Metored childre also have more trustig ad commuicative relatioships with their parets (Rhodes, 2002; Rhodes, Specer, Keller, Liag ad Noam, 2006), a importat poit for youth who have a icarcerated paret because there is a particular form of grief ad loss that comes from havig a paret who is alive but ureachable (Jucovy, 2003, 1

4 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research cotiued p.22). Metorig also helps youg people deal with shame ad the social stigma associated with havig a icarcerated paret by offerig additioal friedship ad active support thorough dedicated, well-prepared metors (Natioal Crime Prevetio Coucil). Combatig juveile deliquecy is a cetral focus of the U.S. Departmet of Justice s Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP). OJJDP has log bee a leader i recogizig that metorig ca positively affect the lives of youg people livig i high-risk eviromets. I fact, high-quality metorig is a prove method for steerig youth away from a life course that leads to truacy, deliquecy ad evetual discoectio from school, work ad a satisfyig ad productive life. It is importat to uderscore that OJJDP has also bee a leader i recogizig that well-desiged ad well-implemeted metorig ca have a tremedous positive impact o a youth s life chaces, as well as recogizig that the coverse is also true. If metorig is ot doe well, it ca harm, rather tha help, a child (Rhodes, 2002). Juveile crime ad deliquecy i America cotiues to be a pressig social problem that has serious egative effects o commuities, families, the ecoomy ad idividuals. Accordig to 2009 data compiled by the FBI ad aalyzed by the Pittsburgh-based Natioal Ceter for Juveile Justice o behalf of OJJDP, there are about 1.9 millio arrests for persos uder the age of 18 each year. This staggerig umber does ot iclude apprehesios of youth who were ot officially arrested for a crime, offese ad/or violatio. It also does ot iclude youth ot caught or appreheded. Ad, the estimated 1.9 millio juveile arrests iclude may juveiles who were arrested for more tha oe crime, offese ad/or violatio. Of the 1.9 millio juveile arrests i 2009, courts with juveile jurisdictio disposed of early 1.5 millio deliquecy cases. Meawhile, the more tha 1,000 tee/youth courts i the Uited States hadled i excess of 100,000 cases. Dispositio resulted i 1.02 millio juveile court sactios with 53 percet of those sactios resultig i court-ordered probatio. Natioally, fewer tha 71,000 juveile offeders were held i residetial placemet facilities as of February The public relies o Juveile Detetio facilities (769 atiowide) ad Juveile Correctios facilities (389 atiowide) for safety regardig juveile offeders, for humae ad costitutioal coditios of icarceratio ad for equippig youth with the skills to live peaceful ad productive lives. Despite OJJDP s portfolio of data, iformatio ad characteristics o juveile residetial facilities, there is limited support ad resources to address the critical issues impactig juveile cofiemet facilities ad to empower practitioers i these settigs. These facilities ofte operate i relative isolatio, raisig the likelihood of harm to youth, the staff ad the public due, i large part, to limited kowledge of ad access to existig risk prevetio programs ad policies. Durig the 1980s, 1990s ad still today, there is a uifyig theory that helps explai why youth tur to deliquecy ad why they desist or persist i deliquecy over time. This Social Developmet Model rests upo two pillars called risk ad protectio. Bridgig the age-old divide i crimiology pittig root causes theorists (who ted to explai crimiality as a ievitable cosequece of ijustice ad iequality i society) ad idividual resposibility adherets (who place all blame for crime at the hads of offeders), Social Developmet focuses o both idividual ad 2

5 evirometal variables with prove coectios to offedig. The debate o the causes of crime cotiues, as the egative effects of the problem are felt i the commuity, at school, with peers, i the family ad withi the idividual. Metorig is cosidered a approach that provides positive social developmet for youth. With the appropriate delivery of metorig services, youth i juveile justice settigs ca overcome the risk factors that jeopardize their future of beig a successful, productive citize. There is a pressig eed to udertake research for purposes of developig best practices that will favorably impact the developmet ad desig of metorig services to these high-risk youth. Metorig relatioships should be largely volutary, ad most youth ad juveile justice professioals agree metorig should ot be a sactio imposed i the juveile justice system. Research already tells us that metorig matches termiated early ca ad do have a egative impact o the youth beig metored. This project specifically studied the metorig Referral Stage i order to target greater umbers of juveile justice system ivolved youth for appropriate metorig services. The project desig relied heavily o tasks ad strategies that will foster ew local relatioships amog metorig programs ad juveile justice systems/services. This project also examied specific steps i makig metorig referrals, acceptig referrals ad deyig referrals. Summary of Key Fidigs This sectio summarizes the mai poits gleaed from the project research ad the resultat 234- page report. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What are the best practices i idetifyig ad referrig youth to metorig programs across distict juveile justice settigs? 2. What is the capacity of the metorig commuity to support the youth idetified for metorig from six juveile justice settigs? 3. What is the quality of metorig programs, as defied by aligmet with the Elemets of Effective Practice for Metorig, across the juveile justice settigs? 4. What itermediate outcomes are achieved by metorig throughout the settigs? Each of the key fidigs listed i the followig sectios will be labeled accordig to the research questio they address. Key fidigs are deoted with a RQ1, RQ2, RQ3 or RQ4. KEY FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL SURVEY The survey etted a large sample size (N = 1,197). Respose rates were icalculable but completio rate withi the acceptable rage percet. All 50 Uited States were represeted by the survey respodets. Program respodets hailed from a variety of commuity types ragig from urba, suburba, rural ad tribal commuities. 3

6 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research cotiued Roughly 60 percet of juveile justice settig respodets reported that their program utilizes youth metorig i some capacity (RQ2). Nearly 40 percet of metorig programs serve juveile justice ivolved youth (RQ2). About half of all juveile justice settigs that utilize metorig reported that more tha 50 percet of referred youth are ultimately placed ito metorig relatioships (RQ1 & RQ2). Juveile justice settig respodets reported that their metorig programs typically make metor-metee matches i fewer tha 90 days (RQ2 & RQ4). The majority of juveile justice settigs reported that they always assess youth for their level of risk prior to makig a referral to a metorig program (RQ3). The majority of juveile justice settigs reported that betwee 76 percet ad 100 percet of youth are charged with a crime prior to beig referred to a metorig program (RQ1). Metorig is used as a diversioary tactic oly about 40 percet of the time (RQ1). The vast majority of metorig programs (~80 percet) utilize idividually based metorig strategies (RQ3). The majority of metorig programs reported that metors ad metees meet three or more times a moth (RQ3 & RQ4). More tha 90 percet of metorig programs reported that they always perform crimial backgroud checks o their metors (RQ3). Of the six juveile justice settigs aalyzed, oe appeared to have greater success at placig youth i metorig relatioships (i.e., there is parity i metorig referral success across the six settigs) (RQ2 & RQ4). Successful placemet ad time util a match is made are closely itertwied such that juveile justice programs that are more successful at placig youth i metorig ted to refer youth to programs that have shorter waitig lists (RQ1 &RQ4). Metorig programs that appear, o paper at least, to be more professioal report more positive outcomes. For istace, programs with loger meetig legths, greater meetig frequecy, ad that utilize formal traiig have youth who succeed more frequetly (RQ4). Most meetigs betwee metor ad metee last betwee oe ad two hours (RQ4). Roughly 75 percet of programs reported that they have utilized match commitmets for metors (RQ4). Nearly all programs set goals for metor/metee to achieve (RQ4). Most programs reported that a majority of their youth achieve the goals set for them (RQ4). KEY FINDINGS FROM THE SITE VISITS Juveile justice settigs usig embedded programs have a easier time matchig youth ad metors (RQ1, RQ2, & RQ4). Metorig is overwhelmigly volutary (RQ3). Some sites reported that youth demeaor played a role i the decisio to refer (RQ1 & RQ2). 4

7 Most youth are deemed acceptable for referral, but fewer ed up matched mostly due to volutary ature of metorig (RQ2 & RQ4). Some sites reported the use of MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice for Metorig, but most reported that they looked for evidecebased programs to parter with for services delivery (RQ3). Metorig is delivered mostly by established programs like BBBS ad BGC (RQ3). Most metorig is oe-o-oe ad takes place i commuity locatios (RQ3). Itake ad assessmet of all youth is recommeded prior to referral (RQ1). Most settigs ad programs use similar criteria for assessig the acceptability of metorig (RQ1). Commo reasos youth are uacceptable: violece, serious metal health, drug use (RQ2 & RQ4). Exteral reaso youth are ot matched: family refusal (RQ2 & RQ4). The most pressig obstacle to matchig is fidig eough suitable metors especially for certai demographics like black males (RQ1, RQ2, & RQ4). Metorig teds to be geder-segregated: females metor females; males metor males (RQ3). Few juveile justice settigs follow-up with youth after referral (RQ4). ADVANTAGES, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM SITE VISITS Youth Courts Advatages: The use of adult metors, due to sigle paret or o paret households Easily accessible programs (geographic circumstaces) Operatig multiple chemical addictio programs, Alcohol Awareess sessios, direct treatmet, ad drug/alcohol screeig tests ad evaluatios Servig high-risk youth ad at-risk youth School- ad commuity-based approaches Staff well positioed to idetify youth for the ecessary services Challeges: Participatio is volutary, difficult i referrig youth Cotiued fudig Some youth arrested may ot be residets of the regio Waitig list Negative behavior of parets/legal guardias regardig matchig youth with a adult metor Uwilligess by youth ad/or parets/guardias to accept metorig referral 5

8 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research cotiued Recommedatios: Match support Volutary referrals Do ot accept youth who are a dager to themselves, metors or staff. Referrals due to metal health issues usually do t work out well. Utilizatio of a Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) ad case referral flowcharts Utilize metorig as a wrap-aroud service Reduce recidivism; improve school attedace; miimize cotact with juveile ad/or crimial justice system; improve academic performace, pro-social egagemet ad employmet preparatio Iformatio gathered at itake should be shared with the Youth/Tee Court jury. Allow tee jury to ask questios to determie if metorig would beefit the youth. Deliberatig jury should be allowed to make referrals. Coordiator should complete all forms eeded for a referral. Depedecy Courts Advatages: Volutary Participatio Relatioships built iterally ad exterally with referral sources Permaecy pla i place/ log-term settigs Either o waitig list or a very short oe Staff have very extesive iformatio o the childre Challeges: Usafe homes family problems, metal health issues, aggressio, sigificat medical issues Child Protective Services (CPS) does t have a commuicatio trackig system Staff cotiually chage Youth lack techology cell phoes ad/or computers Foster care youth may be trasiet ad ofte AWOL Icomplete referral packets Overwhelmed foster parets Challege to match older youth Recommedatios: Oe-o-oe attetio to the child Policy ot to force a metor oto a child/youth Embedded programs Refer all youth as soo as possible. Loger duratio of a match Give youth the opportuity to meet several potetial metors ad let them choose. 6

9 Exclusive services for foster care youth Determie appropriate hearigs for metor ivolvemet Review Hearigs, Dispositio Hearigs, Adoptio Hearigs, etc. Coduct itake iterviews. Formal referral guidelies Utilize social media to maitai cotact ad commuicatio. Juveile Detetio Advatages: Relatioship buildig durig period of icarceratio due to embedded metor programs Cotact withi 24 hours of youth post-release Maitaiig weekly cotact to allow youth the opportuity to decide at ay poit to become actively ivolved with the metorig program All youth referred, thus exposed to activities Misuderstadig by youth of metorig culture ad programs Paret iformatio difficult to access Chages i placemet Recommedatios: Utilizatio of embedded programs Make metorig activities part of the regularly scheduled programmig at the detetio facility. Allow site coordiator to have access to detaied youth outside of/i additio to regularly scheduled activities. Allow metorig staff to be ivolved i regular detetio staff meetigs. Juveile Correctios Advatages: Oe-o-oe services Self-referrals ad volutary participatio have Challeges: Post-release youth may chage their mid about participatig. Cofidetiality issues make it difficult for staff to access iformatio required i the membership applicatio. Difficult to help probatio officers uderstad what youth are appropriate for referral to the Secod Chace Program a greater degree of commitmet. Allowig youth to retur ad serve as a metor Diverse staff Utilizig professioals i metal health, social work, commuity-based services, metorig ad juveile justice experiece Provide metorig approval forms with the itake paperwork. Periodic presetatios to iform youth of the services 7

10 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research cotiued Placemet cosideratios to esure metorship may cotiue post-release Challeges: No-motivated youth Maitaiig the metor/youth relatioship Keepig curret cotact iformatio for youth Africa-America youg males see as less iterested i participatig tha other races/ ethicities A ew itake may eed to wait betwee ie ad 10 weeks before a referral may be made. Youth may be excluded if they egage i disruptive behavior. Paret refusal Youth may age out of the system before a match ca be made. Geography Youth are difficult to follow back to their commuity due to distace, time ad fiacial costraits. Hard to recruit voluteer metors Limited activities youth may participate i while istitutioalized Orietatio programs struggle to prepare metors. Recommedatios: Relatioships ad trust grouded i research-based programmig Housig the lead metorig staff perso iside the juveile justice settig Use of a metorig specialist ad master metor Word of mouth recruitmet of youth Volutary participatio Appreciatio of voluteers (metors); showig them how importat they are ad how their work is appreciated Not excludig ay youth based o crimial offese Relatioship buildig prior to youth s release Good commuicatio betwee juveile justice ad metorig program staff Sustaiability pla to cotiue programs i the absece of grat fuds Miimum of two years for grat fuded programs to istitutioalize ad start gatherig outcome data Deliquecy Courts Advatages: Multiple, diverse formal ad iformal referral sources Referrals with a heavy emphasis o metal health Use of Juveile Review Boards (JRB) operated throughout the city More persoalized ad time sesitive referrals, due to oly oe referral source Embedded metorig program Allowig paretal referrals After-school oversight 8

11 Challeges: Youth may become more deeply ivolved with the juveile justice system to iclude icarceratio. Ivolvemet i other madated support does t allow for sufficiet time to become ivolved i a structured metor relatioship. Parets/guardias uwillig to accept referral Referrals with a dual diagosis are ofte excluded if there are sexual, psychological or violet behaviors. A lack of willig ad traied adult metors. Foster care youth awaitig decisios regardig reuificatio or termiatio of paretal rights ca t be referred. Discrepacy betwee boys ad girls who are beig diverted from the formal court to the tee court Trasportatio issues Gag ivolvemet Recommedatios: Volutary referrals Metorig as a wrap-aroud service Referrig at the frot ed of the juveile justice system Do ot match a youth who may be dagerous to themselves or others Use of a Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) Allow youth to retur as a voluteer. Provide law-related educatio, as well as developmet opportuities. Use of adult ad youth metors Policy of checkig your colors at the door regardig gag colors Use of surveillace cameras Juveile Probatio Advatages: Close proximity of staff to courts ad juveile services ceter Referred youth may be walked immediately to a office i the court to complete itake. Expediet iitiatio of services/cotact with the youth withi hours Trustig relatioships Stregth-based ad participat-drive vettig process Youth are give ample time to cosider the commitmet they are beig asked to give. Safety has bee a o-issue. Metorig services may be court ordered. Iformatio sharig Services started i betwee 14 ad 30 days without a waitig list. Small umber of juveiles referred allows for cocetrated relatioships Shared respect ad trust by all participats 9

12 Fidigs ad Implicatios of the Research cotiued Settig a clear uderstadig that youth are from the same commuity Challeges: Parets may refuse to trasport youth/ fail to support youth s participatio. Chage of placemet ca affect the capability to metor youth. Not eough metors for oe-o-oe metorig May be a waitig list Adversarial relatioships betwee youth ad probatio staff Lack of metal preparedess of the youth Urealistic goal settig Youth may live i a usafe eviromet. Geography Difficult for youth to maitai residece i the same area durig the metorig process Lack of formalized ifrastructure/ icosistecy i the referral process Risk assessmets, eeds istrumets, iterviews or case staffig may ot have bee used. Role of probatio officer ot clearly defied/ lead to icosistet support Provide youth with iformatio ad resources for higher educatio. Egage youth i ew pro-social relatioships ad activities. Allow youth to participate after the metorig commitmet. Share critical iformatio across systems (agecies). Allow youth to serve i a leadership capacity. Require all referral sources to adhere to the same referral guidelies. Ivolve a diverse commuity to demostrate the commuity s commitmet to the youth. Metor/staff should have a backgroud uderstadig of the juveile justice system. Reduce turf issues by allowig staff ad probatio officers to work as a team of equals. Maitai a metor relatioship for betwee three ad four years (util youth graduates high school). Small residetial facilities allow for critical isight i screeig issues. Metor program should have a cetral figure (master metor). Use metors/staff who have made it a life goal to help juveiles. Recommedatios: House metorig staff i the court. Provide opportuities to egage the sibligs of the referred youth. 10

13 LISTINGS OF SITES VISITED Project Parter: Global Youth Justice Site visits completed: 12 Juveile justice settigs: Deliquecy Court, Youth/Tee Court, Depedecy Court (Some sites, as oted below, provided multiple settigs.) 1. Lawreceville, IL (Det./Correctios/Prob./Deliquecy Court/Youth/Tee Court/Depedecy Court) 2. Koxville/Kigsport, TN (Deliquecy Court, Depedecy Court) 3. Mi Casa, Hartford, CT (Deliquecy Court) 4. New Bedford, MA (Deliquecy Court, Youth/Tee Court) 5. Norfolk, VA (Depedecy Court) 6. Saratoga, NY (Depedecy Court) 7. Burligto, VT (Depedecy Court) 8. Sa Diego, CA (Depedecy Court, Probatio) 9. Clarke Couty, NV (Deliquecy Court) 10. East Cetral, MS (Deliquecy Court ad Youth/Tee Court) 11. Poca City, OK (Kay Couty) (Deliquecy Court, Youth/Tee Court, Probatio) 12. Albay Couty, NY (Deliquecy Court, Youth/Tee Court, Probatio) Project Parter: Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Site visits completed: 13 Juveile justice Settigs: Detetio, Correctios, Probatio 1. Koxville, TN (Detetio) 2. Buffalo, NY (Detetio) 3. Portlad, ME (Correctios) 4. Machester, NH (Correctios) 5. Achorage, AK (Correctios) 6. Wichita, KS (Correctios) 7. South Bed, IN (Correctios) 8. Logasport, IN (Correctios) 9. Claremot, NH (Probatio) 10. Segui, TX (Probatio) 11. Kalamazoo, MI (Probatio) 12. Koxville, TN (Probatio) 13. Shreveport, LA (Probatio) 11

14 LISTING OF STATE MENTORING PARTNERSHIPS ARIZONA Commuities I Schools of Arizoa MAINE Maie Metorig Partership CALIFORNIA (Developig MP) CA Ceter for Youth Developmet ad Health Promotio/CA Metor Foudatio MARYLAND Big Brothers Big Sisters ad the Marylad Metorig Partership CONNECTICUT Goveror s Prevetio Partership DELAWARE Delaware Metorig Coucil FLORIDA Palm Beach Metor Ceter of Palm Beach Couty MASSACHUSETTS Mass Metorig Partership MICHIGAN Metor Michiga MINNESOTA Metorig Partership of Miesota INDIANA Idiaa Metorig Partership NEBRASKA Midlads Metorig Partership IOWA Iowa Metorig Partership KANSAS Kasas Metors NEW YORK The Metorig Partership of New York ad Log Islad NEW JERSEY (Developig MP) New Jersey Metorig Partership 12

15 NORTH CAROLINA Commuities I Schools of NC OHIO The Metorig Ceter of Cetral Ohio VIRGINIA Richmod Virgiia Metorig Partership Fairfax Fairfax Partership for Youth OREGON Orego Metors WASHINGTON Washigto State Metors PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia The Campaig for Metorig WISCONSIN (Developig MP) Metor Keosha & Racie, member of the collaborative Midwest Regio Metorig Hub Pittsburgh The Metorig Partership of Southwester Pesylvaia RHODE ISLAND Rhode Islad Metorig Partership TENNESSEE Memphis Memphis Grizzlies Charitable Fud VERMONT Mobius, The Metorig Movemet 13

16 RESOURCES Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Websites Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Big Brother Big Sisters of East TN Koxville, TN, USA bigbrothersbigsisterset.org/ Boys ad Girls Clubs of Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV, USA Juveile Court ad Juveile Probatio Choctaw Tribal Court Mississippi Bad of Idias Durat, OK, USA 14

17 Poca Tribe of Oklahoma Metorig Program ad Youth Services Poca City, OK, USA Team Up Metorig Program Norfolk, VA, USA theupceter.org/for_adults/metorig.htm Spectrum Metorig Program Burligto, VT, USA Sa Diego Youth Services Metorig Program Sa Diego, CA, USA pageame=foster Saratoga Metorig Program Catholic Charities of Saratoga Saratoga, NY, USA Poca Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal Court Poca City, OK, USA Big Brothers Big Sisters of Alaska Achorage, AK Goodwill Idustries of Norther New Eglad Portlad, ME Northeaster Ceter Kedallville, IN =latio The Keedy Ceter of Louisiaa Shreveport, LA Boys ad Girls Club of the Teessee Valley Koxville, TN ww.bgctv.org Boys ad Girls Club of Buffalo Buffalo, NY Goodwill Idustries of Norther New Eglad Portlad, ME SMILES Metorig Program New Bedford, MA, USA New Bedford Youth Court Massachusetts, USA Choctaw Tribal Tee Court ad Metorig Program Mississippi Bad of Choctaw Idias Durat, OK, USA Coloie Youth Court Tow of Coloie, NY, USA Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Capital Regio Albay, NY, USA k.7d2d/big_brothers_big_sisters_of_the_ Capital_Regio.htm 15

18 GRANT PARTNERS Global Youth Justice proactively champios the global expasio of quality voluteer-drive youth justice ad juveile justice volutary diversio programs ofte called youth court, tee court, peer court, studet court, peer jury ad youth peer pael. Record umbers of voluteer youth (icludig former juveile offeders) ow serve as jurors, defeders, prosecutors, judges ad clerk/bailiffs i local juveile justice systems o real juveile crimes, offeses ad violatios ivolvig their peers. A record 1,407 plus commuities aroud the globe ow operate oe of these cost-effective programs to reduce the icidece ad prevet the escalatio of juveile crime. If egative peer pressure is a primary factor i leadig some youth to commit a crime, offese ad/or violatio, the positive peer pressure ca be haressed ad redirected to become a positive force ad lead other youth to adhere to the rule of law ad become more productive citizes. These youth justice ad juveile justice volutary diversio programs haress positive peer pressure ad utilize it i a peer judgmet settig to help address the ati-social, deliquet, ad/or crimial behavior of youth. The peer judgmet ad positive peer pressure aspects of these programs are the two primary programmatic elemets which separate these youth justice ad juveile justice volutary diversio programs from all of the others. Log o to for more iformatio. MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership has bee the uifyig champio for expaded quality youth metorig i the Uited States for more tha 20 years. I this time, the umber of youg people i metorig relatioships has grow from 300,000 to three millio. MENTOR s missio is to close the gap betwee youth i metorig relatioships ad the remaiig 15 millio youg people who wat ad eed a carig adult i their life. MENTOR has galvaized the metorig movemet through a variety of leverage poits ad across sectors, which icludes our atioal etwork of affiliated Metorig Parterships that drive ad fuel a icrease i the quality ad quatity of metorig opportuities for America s youg people. We develop ad deliver resources to them, provide a public voice for metorig ad promote quality for metorig through stadards, cuttig-edge research ad state-of-the-art tools so that as may youg people as possible ca beefit from a safe, quality metorig experiece. Natioal Partership for Juveile Services (NPJS) is a oprofit collaboratio of four juveile justice advocacy ad service delivery orgaizatios committed to improvig the atio s juveile justice system by providig specific, results-orieted traiig ad techical assistace. NPJS is the guardia for safety to esure cofied youth are well-treated i secure ad o-secure eviromets; to esure facility staff are give the requisite kowledge, skills ad abilities to improve their overall job performace, icrease their level of persoal safety, as well as the care of the youth i their charge; ad to esure the overall security of the commuity. NPJS is a advocate for fairess i the juveile justice system ad works to elimiate racial disparities. The NPJS is comprised of the Natioal Juveile Detetio Associatio; the Natioal Associatio of Juveile Correctioal Agecies; the Juveile Justice Traiers Associatio; ad the Coucil for Educators of At-Risk ad Deliquet Youth. More iformatio about NPJS ca be foud at 16

19 APPENDIX 17

20 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. 18

21 1 Deliquecy Court ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

22 1

23 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. The documet is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet betwee the parties/etities to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/ amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to existig problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Deliquecy Court Descriptio Deliquecy Courts have jurisdictio over juveiles, juveile deliquets, status offeders ad Childre ad Youth i Need of Supervisio. All Juveile Courts are civil bodies. This meas that juveiles caot acquire a crimial record directly from Deliquecy Court actios, where the actios remai cofied to the Deliquecy Court. The Deliquecy Court is most commoly associated with the Juveile Justice System ad juveiles who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 21

24 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Tip 3 Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. Deliquecy Court will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. Deliquecy Court ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 22

25 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss referrals of youth from the Deliquecy Discuss the referral of youth from juveile Court who are re-arrested for a subsequet diversio/itervetio programs who are ivolved juveile crime, offese ad/or violatio after the with the Deliquecy Court as it relates to the referral has bee made ad before the formal referral of metorig services. metorig match has take place. Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for Discuss geographic ad demographic the Deliquecy Court ad metorig program, cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig icludig a wide rage of steps from makig referrals of Deliquecy Court ivolved youth the referral to match termiatio, amog other for the delivery of metorig services. actios as related to metorig Deliquecy Court Discuss referrals of youth from the Deliquecy ivolved youth. Court withi the cotext of formal attests ad/ Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary or iformal arrests ad implicatios o makig referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of Deliquecy referrals of such youth for the delivery of Court ivolved youth for metorig services. metorig services. Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad Discuss the allowable ages of Deliquecy Court requiremets for metorig programs to cosider ivolved youth who are eligible for referrals of whe Deliquecy Court youth are referred for metorig services. metorig services ad for Deliquecy Court Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved to cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. with the Deliquecy Court. Discuss all local metorig programs withi the Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Deliquecy Court ivolved youth of varyig ages. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctioal Facility to cosider whe Deliquecy Court youth are ad Juveile Detetio Facility. referred for metorig services. Discuss the specific idividuals who have Discuss how youth with both Deliquecy Court authority to make referrals of Deliquecy Court ad Depedecy ivolvemet will be hadled ivolved youth for the delivery of metorig whe makig referrals of these high-risk youth services. for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss the Deliquecy Court hearigs withi Discuss match termiatio ad emergecy issues the cotext of which oe(s) are appropriate for withi the cotext of how it will be hadled for makig well-iformed decisios to refer youth Deliquecy Court ivolved youth egaged i for the delivery of metorig services. a curret metorig match. Discuss havig a agreed upo formal, writte Discuss the Deliquecy Court Profile ad referral policy which takes ito cosideratio Deliquecy Court PowerPoit Presetatio listed a wide rage of factors to be discussed ad below uder Traiig ad Techical Assistace agreed upo betwee the Deliquecy Court Resources, i additio to other helpful resources ad metorig program. provided o the ext page. 23

26 Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Deliquecy Courts ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at 24

27

28 1 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

29 2 Depedecy Court ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

30 2

31 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. The documet is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet betwee the parties/etities to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to existig problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Depedecy Court Descriptio Depedecy Courts ivolve a juveile (child/ youth), typically i cases of abuse, eglect ad mistreatmet. Judges determie if allegatios of abuse or eglect are sustaied by the evidece ad, if so, are legally sufficiet to support state itervetio o behalf of the child. Some youth who appear i the Deliquecy Court also appear i the Depedecy Court for dual adjudicatory issues. The Depedecy Court is most commoly associated with foster care, abuse ad eglect issues ivolvig youth youger tha 18. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 29

32 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Tip 3 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. Depedecy Court will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. Depedecy Court ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 30

33 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss geographic ad demographic Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth Depedecy Court ivolved youth for for the delivery of metorig services. metorig services. Discuss the allowable ages of Depedecy Court Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad ivolved youth who are eligible for referrals of requiremets for metorig programs to cosider metorig services. whe Depedecy Court youth are referred for Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved with the Depedecy Court. Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctioal Facility ad Juveile Detetio Facility. Discuss the specific idividuals who have authority to make referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss the umerous Depedecy Court hearigs withi the cotext of which oe(s) are appropriate to makig well iformed decisios to refer youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss havig a agreed upo, formal writte referral policy which takes ito cosideratio a wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed upo betwee the Depedecy Court ad metorig program. Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for the Depedecy Court ad metorig program, metorig services ad for Depedecy Court to cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. Discuss all local metorig programs withi the cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Depedecy Court ivolved youth of varyig ages. Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios to cosider whe Depedecy Court youth are referred for metorig services. Discuss how youth with both Depedecy Court ad Deliquecy Court ivolvemet will be hadled whe makig referrals of these high-risk youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss match termiatio ad emergecy issues withi the cotext of how it will be hadled for Depedecy Court ivolved youth egaged i a curret metorig match. Discuss the Depedecy Court Profile ad Depedecy Court PowerPoit Presetatio listed below uder Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources, i additio to other helpful resources provided o the ext page. icludig a wide rage of steps from makig the referral to match termiatio, amog other actios as related to metorig Depedecy Court ivolved youth. 31

34 Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Depedecy Courts ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at Stage/;Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at 32

35

36 2 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

37 3 Tee Court/Youth Court Programs ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

38 3

39 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. It is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Tee Court/Youth Court Program Descriptio These are Juveile Justice diversio programs i which juveiles are seteced by their peers for mior crimes, offeses ad/or violatios. These juveile diversio programs are admiistered o a local level by law eforcemet agecies, probatio departmets, deliquecy courts, schools ad local oprofit orgaizatios. These programs offer commuities a opportuity to provide immediate cosequeces for primarily first-time juveile offeders, ad they also offer importat civic, service ad voluteer opportuities for voluteer youth who serve as judges, defeders, prosecutors, clerks ad jurors. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 37

40 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Tip 3 Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. Tee Court/Youth Court ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 38

41 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss how Tee Court/Youth Court Discuss referrals of youth from Tee Court/Youth Diversio Programs are operated by a wide rage Court Diversio Programs withi the cotext of of agecies ad orgaizatios to iclude public formal attests ad/or iformal arrests ad ad private etities ad how this relates to implicatios o makig referrals of such youth for referrals of these youth to metorig programs. the delivery of metorig services. Discuss geographic ad demographic Discuss havig a agreed upo, formal writte cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig referral policy which takes ito cosideratio a referrals of Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed Program ivolved youth for the delivery of upo betwee a Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio metorig services. Program ad metorig program. Discuss the allowable ages of Tee Court/Youth Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for the Court Diversio ivolved youth who are eligible Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program ad for referrals of metorig services. metorig program, icludig a wide rage of Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved with the Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program. steps from makig the referral to match termiatio, amog other actios as related to metorig Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs ivolved youth. Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctioal Facility ad Juveile Detetio Facility. Discuss how referrals of youth from Tee Court/ Youth Court Diversio Programs ca iclude youth who are juveile offeders ad/or youth voluteers who are former offeders withi the cotext of makig referrals of these youth for metorig services. Discuss the specific idividuals who have authority to make referrals of Tee/Youth Court Diversio Program ivolved youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of Tee Court/ Youth Court Diversio Program ivolved youth for metorig services. Discuss the high-risk youth referral sources of origi for Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs withi the cotext of statutes, laws ad/or other programmatic ad policy implicatios whe referrig youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss referrals of youth from Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs who are re-arrested for a subsequet juveile crime, offese ad/or violatio after the referral has bee made ad before the formal metorig match has take place. Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad requiremets for metorig programs to cosider whe Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program youth are referred for metorig services ad for Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program to cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. Discuss all local metorig programs withi the cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program ivolved youth of varyig ages. 39

42 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Cotiued Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios to cosider whe Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program youth are referred for metorig services. Discuss how to hadle match termiatio ad emergecy issues for Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program ivolved youth egaged i a curret metorig match. Discuss how youth with Depedecy Court, Discuss the Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Deliquecy Court ad Tee Court/Youth Program Profile ad PowerPoit Presetatio Diversio Program ivolvemet will be hadled listed below uder Traiig ad Techical whe makig referrals of these high-risk youth for Assistace Resources, i additio to other the delivery of metorig services. helpful resources provided below. Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Tee/Youth Courts ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership 40

43

44 3 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

45 4 Juveile Correctios ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

46 4

47 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. The documet is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet betwee the parties/etities to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to existig problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Juveile Correctios Descriptio This is a secure facility that has physical features that restricts the movemet of adjudicated deliquet juveiles who are held i the facility as the deliquecy court s dispositio. Correctios (Juveile) is ofte described as log term out-of-home placemet i compariso to Detetio (Juveile). Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 45

48 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Tip 3 Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. The Juveile Correctios facility will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. The Juveile Correctios facility ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 46

49 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss geographic ad demographic cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig referrals of Juveile Correctios ivolved youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad requiremets for metorig programs to cosider whe Juveile Correctios youth are referred for metorig services ad for Juveile Correctios Discuss the allowable ages of Juveile Correctios ivolved youth who are eligible for to cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. referrals of metorig services. Discuss all local metorig programs withi Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved with Juveile Correctios. Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, the cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Juveile Correctios ivolved youth of varyig ages. Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios to cosider whe Juveile Correctios youth are referred for metorig services. Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctios Facility ad Juveile Detetio Facility. Discuss how youth with Juveile Correctios ivolvemet will be hadled whe makig referrals Discuss the specific idividuals who have authority to make referrals of Juveile Correctios ivolved of these high-risk youth for the delivery of metorig services. youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss match termiatio ad emergecy issues Discuss the admissio/screeig process to Juveile Correctios ad which staff may be most appropriate for makig well-iformed decisios to withi the cotext of how it will be hadled for Juveile Correctios ivolved youth egaged i a curret metorig match. refer youth for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss the Juveile Correctios Profile ad Discuss havig a agreed upo, formal writte referral policy which takes ito cosideratio a wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed upo betwee the Juveile Correctios Facility Juveile Correctios PowerPoit Presetatio listed below uder Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources, i additio to other helpful resources provided o the ext page. ad metorig program. Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for the Juveile Correctios ad metorig program, icludig a wide rage of steps from makig the referral to match termiatio, amog other actios as related to metorig Juveile Correctios ivolved youth. Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of Juveile Correctios ivolved youth for metorig services. 47

50 Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Juveile Correctios ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at 48

51

52 4 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

53 5 Juveile Detetio ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

54 5

55 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. The documet is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet betwee the parties/etities to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/ amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to existig problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Juveile Detetio Descriptio This is a legally-authorized temporary secure custody of juveiles who are accused of illegal coduct subject to the jurisdictio of the court ad who require a restricted eviromet for their ow or the commuity s protectio while pedig legal actio. Detetio (Juveile) is ofte described as short-term, immediate, out-of-home placemet i compariso to Correctios (Juveile). Some, ot all of the youth i Detetio (Juveile) are trasferred to a Correctios Facility (Juveile) based o a fidig of guilt ad the discretio of the court. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 53

56 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Tip 3 Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. The Juveile Detetio Ceter will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. The Juveile Detetio Ceter ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 54

57 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss geographic ad demographic Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of Juveile referrals of Juveile Detetio ivolved youth Detetio ivolved youth for metorig services. for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad Discuss the allowable ages of Juveile requiremets for metorig programs to cosider Detetio ivolved youth who are eligible for whe Juveile Detetio youth are referred for referrals of metorig services. metorig services ad for Juveile Detetio to Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. with Juveile Detetio. Discuss all local metorig programs withi the Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Juveile Detetio ivolved youth of varyig ages. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctios Facility to take i to cosideratio whe Juveile ad Juveile Detetio Facility. Detetio youth are referred for metorig Discuss the specific idividuals who have author- services. ity to make referrals of Juveile Detetio ivolved Discuss how youth with Juveile Detetio youth for the delivery of metorig services. ivolvemet will be hadled whe makig Discuss the admissio/screeig process to Juveile Detetio ad which staff may be most referrals of these high-risk youth for the delivery of metorig services. appropriate for makig well-iformed decisios to Discuss match termiatio ad emergecy issues refer youth for the delivery of metorig services. withi the cotext of how it will be hadled for Discuss havig a agreed upo formal writte referral policy which takes ito cosideratio a Juveile Detetio ivolved youth egaged i a curret metorig match. wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed Discuss the Juveile Detetio Profile ad upo betwee the Juveile Detetio Ceter ad Juveile Detetio PowerPoit Presetatio listed metorig program. below uder Traiig ad Techical Assistace Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for the Juveile Detetio ad metorig program, Resources, i additio to other helpful resources provided o the ext page. icludig a wide rage of steps from makig the referral to match termiatio, amog other actios as related to metorig Juveile Detetio ivolved youth. 55

58 Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Juveile Detetio ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at 56

59

60 5 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

61 6 Juveile Probatio ad Metorig Memoradum of Uderstadig Researchig the Referral Stage of Youth Metorig i Six Juveile Justice Settigs

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63 Overview What is a Memoradum of Uderstadig/MOU? A Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) is ofte explaied as a documet used to describe a commo uderstadig of a workig relatioship betwee two (2) or more parties/etities. The documet is ot as bidig as a cotract, but it outlies a commitmet betwee the parties/etities to work together collaboratively toward the same purpose or goal(s) ad objective(s) ad, related to the use of shared work, services ad/or resources. A good MOU ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/ amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. Why is a Memoradum of Uderstadig/ MOU Importat? MOUs build collaborative relatioships: The process of egotiatig a MOU betwee a metorig program ad a Juveile Justice parter ca help build a more collaborative workig relatioship, provide more empathy ad a deeper uderstadig of parter issues, ad result i more refied solutios to existig problems. MOUs Idetify the Structure for the Partership The MOU provides a structure for a workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Juveile Probatio Descriptio This is a setece ot ivolvig cofiemet that imposes coditios ad retais authority i setecig court to modify coditios of setece or resetece of the juveile offeder for probatio violatios. Couties ad cities ofte elect to have Juveile Probatio operate withi a idepedet Probatio agecy, or Juveile Probatio will operate uder the jurisdictio of the Deliquecy Court. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. 61

64 Tips ad Strategies for Writig MOUs Tip 1 Idetify all idividuals/etities that will be ivolved i the MOU agreemet ad hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver services ad/or share resources. Tip 2 Write out the primary purpose or mai goal(s)/objective(s) of the agreemet ad determie what specific outcomes are expected. The purpose statemet ca iclude a idetificatio of the parties ivolved, as well as the terms ad coditios of the agreemet. Depedig o the style ad complexity of the agreemet, some documets begi with a opeig statemet or preamble that itroduces the ames of the parties/ etities that are ivolved i the agreemet. Tip 3 Determie a timelie as to whe the partership ad agreemet will begi ad whe it will ed. Be specific regardig the dates ad ay other terms determied to be of importace. Sample timelie statemet: This agreemet will be active from September 1, 2011, to August 31, It ca be ameded by mutual agreemet at ay time durig the year. I the evet that either party wats to be released from this agreemet, 90 days writte otice to the other party would be required. Tip 4 Write dow ad determie which orgaizatio will be resposible for what pieces of work, services ad/or resources. Sample partership resposibility statemet: Each party hereby agrees to the followig admiistrative resposibilities. A. Juveile Probatio will (list agreemets). B. Metorig program will (list agreemets). C. The Juveile Probatio ad metorig program will (list agreemets). Tip 5 Draft the MOU based o the decisios that were made durig the meetig, the let all parties review, sig, date ad authorize the documet. 62

65 MOU Policy ad Programmatic Discussio Poits Discuss geographic ad demographic Discuss referrals withi the cotext of volutary cosideratios whe makig ad acceptig referrals ad/or ivolutary referrals of Juveile referrals of Juveile Probatio ivolved youth Probatio ivolved youth for metorig services. for the delivery of metorig services. Discuss your idividualized cosideratios ad Discuss the allowable ages of Juveile requiremets for metorig programs to cosider Probatio ivolved youth who are eligible for whe Juveile Probatio youth are referred for referrals of metorig services. metorig services ad for Juveile Probatio to Discuss the characteristics ad challeges typically associated with youth who are ivolved cosider whe makig referrals to a metorig program. with Juveile Probatio. Discuss all local metorig programs withi the Discuss the differeces ad/or similarities betwee the most commo Juveile Justice settigs to iclude: Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, cotext of various metorig models ad services which may ad/or may ot be appropriate for Juveile Probatio ivolved youth of varyig ages. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, Discuss ay statutory ad/or legal cosideratios Juveile Probatio, Juveile Correctios Facility to take i to cosideratio whe Juveile ad Juveile Detetio Facility. Probatio youth are referred for metorig Discuss the specific idividuals who have services. authority to make referrals of Juveile Discuss how youth with Juveile Probatio Probatio ivolved youth for the delivery of ivolvemet will be hadled whe makig referrals metorig services. of these high-risk youth for the delivery of Discuss the admissio/screeig process to metorig services. Juveile Probatio ad which staff may be most Discuss match termiatio ad emergecy issues appropriate for makig well-iformed decisios to withi the cotext of how it will be hadled for refer youth for the delivery of metorig services. Juveile Probatio ivolved youth egaged i Discuss havig a agreed upo, formal writte a curret metorig match. referral policy which takes ito cosideratio a Discuss the Juveile Probatio Profile ad wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed Juveile Probatio PowerPoit Presetatio upo betwee the Juveile Probatio ad listed below uder Traiig ad Techical metorig program. Assistace Resources, i additio to other Discuss creatig a visual referral flowchart for helpful resources provided o the ext page. the Juveile Probatio ad metorig program, icludig a wide rage of steps from makig the referral to match termiatio, amog other actios as related to metorig Juveile Probatio ivolved youth. 63

66 Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources Juveile Probatio ad Metorig Programs OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth Websites of Iterest Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at 64

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68 6 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

69 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Deliquecy Court ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Scott Berard Peterso 1

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71 Deliquecy Court ad Metorig Deliquecy Courts have jurisdictio over juveiles, juveile deliquets, status offeders ad Childre ad Youth i Need of Supervisio. All Juveile Courts are civil bodies. This meas that juveiles caot acquire a crimial record directly from Deliquecy Court actios, where the actios remai cofied to the Deliquecy Court. The Deliquecy Court is most commoly associated with the Juveile Justice System ad juveiles who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics Referrals of Deliquecy Court ivolved youth for the delivery of local metorig services are ofte made ad/or approved by govermetal agecies represetig couty ad state level jurisdictios, ad, therefore, it is importat for metorig ad Deliquecy Court staff to discuss geographic barriers whe makig ad acceptig referrals of Deliquecy Court ivolved youth. 69

72 Possible Challeges of Youth Ivolved with the Deliquecy Court (Ages 6-18) Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet 1 Idividual Atisocial/deliquet beliefs High alcohol/drug use Lack of guilt ad empathy Physical violece/aggressio Violet victimizatio Family Deliquet/gag-ivolved sibligs Lack of orderly ad structured activities withi the family Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig ad child maagemet) School Frequet truacy/abseces/suspesios; expelled from school; droppig out of school Low academic aspiratios Low school attachmet/bodig/motivatio/commitmet Poor school attitude/performace; academic failure Poor studet-teacher relatios Poorly defied rules ad expectatios for appropriate coduct Poorly orgaized ad fuctioig schools/iadequate school climate/egative labelig by teachers Peer Associatio with atisocial/aggressive/deliquet peers; high peer deliquecy Associatio with gag-ivolved peers/relatives Peer rejectio 70

73 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Referrig Deliquecy Court Youth to Metorig Programs What is the differece betwee a Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court ad a Tee Court/Youth Court program? The Deliquecy Court is most commoly associated with the Juveile Justice System ad juveiles who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. The Depedecy Court is most commoly associated with foster care, abuse ad eglect issues ivolvig youth youger tha 18 years of age. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs are juveile justice diversio programs ad are admiistered o a local level by law eforcemet agecies, probatio departmets, Deliquecy Courts, schools ad oprofit orgaizatios. Who refers youth i Deliquecy Courts to metorig programs? The poit of referral for the delivery of metorig services i Deliquecy Courts is rarely at the time of arrest or apprehesio by a law eforcemet agecy. A juveile formally arrested by a law eforcemet agecy is most ofte referred to the Probatio Departmet or the Deliquecy Court. I some jurisdictios, Juveile Probatio Departmets are uder the authority of Adult Probatio, ad i other jurisdictios, Juveile Probatio is uder the authority of the Deliquecy Court. I Deliquecy Courts ad Juveile Probatio, referrals for metorig services are made by probatio officers, judges, magistrates, social workers, public defeders ad other adults i various positios with the Admiistrative Office of the Courts. Juveiles formally ad iformally arrested are ofte referred to juveile diversio programs or madated commuity service orgaizatios, amog other placemets. These referrals of juveiles for dispositio ad adjudicatio are directly from a law eforcemet agecy with formal approval from the judiciary ad/or seior elected public official. Examples rage from Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs to Juveile Review Boards. Juveiles referred to these placemets iclude those formally arrested ad ivolved with the Deliquecy Court ad other juveiles ot formally arrested, pedig successful completio of imposed sactios. The Juveile Review Board process is a approximately oe-hour group meetig to determie placemets, referrals, service eeds ad/or madated commuity services sactios. Participats i the Juveile Review Board iclude the youthful offeder, paret(s), guardia(s), adult voluteers (typically betwee six ad eight) ad ofte staff from a local metorig program. A similar approach called Family Group Coferecig is utilized i the Depedecy Court ad Circle Setecig is ofte utilized i Native America ad Alaska Native Tribes. Referral for metorig services is a recommedatio ad ot madatory, although referrals are strogly ecouraged. Formal referrals from metorig services are made by the adult coordiator i charge of the Juveile Review Board. What is a embedded program ad how is it importat to a successful metorig program i a Deliquecy Court settig? A embedded metorig program withi a Deliquecy Court is most ofte oe which is directly operated by the Deliquecy Court ad/or the Deliquecy Court cotracts out for the delivery of metorig services to a public or private etity, while maitaiig admiistrative authority. Deliquecy Court embedded metorig programs are operatioal o a local muicipal level ot a state level. Embedded Deliquecy Court metorig programs may also be operated by the muicipality i a Youth Bureau, Youth Services ad/or other related public agecy. 71

74 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued Embedded metorig programs also exist i Deliquecy Court diversio programs such as Juveile Review Boards. Juveile Review Boards are ofte muicipal-operated mechaisms to divert Deliquecy Court youth with o previous court history who have committed mior deliquet acts or whose behavior at home or school (e.g., ruig away or defyig school rules) idicates they are at risk of deliquecy. How are strog metorig relatioships formed betwee metorig programs ad the Deliquecy Court? Deliquecy Courts ad metorig programs beefit from havig a agreed upo, formal writte referral policy which takes i to cosideratio a wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed upo to iclude: (1) Referrals of juveiles for the delivery of metorig 72 services is volutary ad ot a madated Deliquecy Court imposed sactio; (2) Referrals of Deliquecy Court ivolved youth should ot proceed to a formal metorig match util the fial determiatio of ay pedig charges i the Deliquecy Court are determied; (3) Metorig programs eed to be realistic ad specific with Deliquecy Court staff regardig log waitig lists ad relatively accurate assessmets of whe these high-risk youth referrals will be placed i metorig relatioships; (4) Cofidetiality ad iformatio sharig release forms ad policies eed to be agreed upo ad adhered to; (5) Metorig programs offerig specific traiig for adults matched with high-risk youth beefits the metored youth ad the adult metor; (6) Deliquecy Courts ad metorig programs each eed to come up with their ow policies regardig makig ad acceptig referrals of higher-risk Deliquecy Court youth who are more likely to be a dager to themselves ad/ or someoe else; ad (7) Metorig programs ad Depedecy Court staff eed to discuss types of metorig services offered by a local metorig program(s) ad what type of metorig service is age appropriate ad idividualized based o eed(s). A Memoradum of Uderstadig ad a Case Referral Flow-Chart delieate importat roles ad steps which foster a more favorable workig relatioship betwee the Deliquecy Court ad the metorig program(s). Are oembedded metorig programs successful i workig with Deliquecy Court youth? More ofte tha ot, private orgaizatios are the etity operatig ad providig metorig services to the Deliquecy Court, rather tha the Deliquecy Court operatig a embedded metorig program. These private orgaizatios ca be successful o a umber of frots with regard to deliverig metorig services to high-risk youth i the Deliquecy Court. There are a wide rage of admiistrative ad operatioal factors to cosider which will result i successful or usuccessful referral to metorig services. Flow-Charts ad/or Memoradums of Uderstadig (MOUs) aroud makig ad acceptig referrals support stroger ad loger lastig workig relatioships betwee Deliquecy Courts ad metorig programs. Metorig programs with a specific or sole focus o servig Deliquecy Court ivolved youth are purposely better equipped to hadle a wide rage of issues associated with the Juveile Justice System. Were youth i Deliquecy Courts willig to participate i metorig programs? Deliquecy Court ivolved high-risk youth participate i metorig programs. Referrals

75 of high-risk youth participatig i metorig matches bega as referrals from the Deliquecy Court ad/ or aother etity legally operatig o behalf of the Deliquecy Court such as Juveile Probatio, Juveile Review Boards ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs, amog others. The Deliquecy Court has o legal authority for madatig high-risk youth be matched with a adult metor. This is differet from the Depedecy Court, as it ofte acts as the legal custodia of high-risk youth, ad therefore ca act i the best iterests of the youth, or iclude the delivery of metorig services. Metorig services are primarily viewed as a wrap-aroud service. What are the primary cosideratios for metorig programs whe Deliquecy Court youth are referred for metorig services? The Deliquecy Court hadles cases ivolvig high-risk youth who have committed oe (1) or more crimes, offeses ad/or violatios. Some youth appearig i a Deliquecy Court may have had o prior cotact with the Deliquecy Court, whereas other youth are likely more serious, violet ad chroic juveile offeders. Referrals of youth from a juveile diversio program may or may ot have bee formally arrested. Oly formal arrests of juveiles will be referred by the Deliquecy Court. Iformal arrests iclude the apprehesio of juveiles who are most ofte referred to diversio programs from a law eforcemet agecy, such as the Police Departmet or Sheriff s Departmet. It is importat to examie iteral operatioal ad admiistrative policies as they relate to iformal ad/or formal referrals of Deliquecy Court ad Diversio high-risk youth. Specialized recruitmet, traiig, screeig ad matchig of adults to serve as metors for a highrisk youth from the Deliquecy Court beefit both the adult metor ad the youth metee. Recruitmet ca be targeted to adults iterested i workig with high-risk youth for a wide variety of reasos. Highrisk youth from the Deliquecy Court ofte preset a uique set of challeges which require specialized traiig for adults voluteerig to serve as a metor for these youth. While backgroud checks should always be madatory, additioal screeig to iclude iterviews ad other tactics ca be deployed to reduce match termiatio rates. Referrals eed to be assessed for dual adjudicatory issues whe lookig at referrals from the Depedecy Court, as additioal iformatio is ofte ecessary before approvig a referral for the delivery of metorig services. Ofte, the same judge for Depedecy Court issues is the same judge for Deliquecy Court issues ad, therefore, accessig dual adjudicatory issues is more maageable. Are there ay Deliquecy Court statutory requiremets related to metorig? Staff i Deliquecy Courts ad metorig programs seekig to refer high-risk Deliquecy Court ivolved youth for metorig services are ofte uder a time frame of betwee 90 ad 120 days to make referrals for metorig services. State statutes vary with regard to the madatory time frame for adjudicatio of juveiles. This time frame ca ad does vary based o judicial discretio ad other factors, such as dual adjudicatory issues where abuse ad eglect is paramout. Formal actios ca be put ito place to exted this time frame, but that ofte oly takes place with a subsequet offese ad/or usuccessful compliace with the approved imposed setece. I Depedecy Courts, if a youth is removed from their home ad placed i the custody of the state, a judge with jurisdictio ad oversight of that youth ca make a madatory referral of metorig services. I Deliquecy Courts, a youth may ot be madated to comply with acceptig a referral for metorig services, as most ofte these youth are ot uder the care of the state. Metorig programs seekig to idetify high-risk Deliquecy Court ivolved youth should cosider their state s statutory time frame for juveiles to be adjudicated ad idetify poit(s) of cotact withi the Deliquecy Court process. A website listig State-by-State Juveile Justice Legislatio is icluded at the bottom of this Techical Assistace Bulleti uder website liks. 73

76 WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies Idetifyig juveiles referred to local commuity-based diversio programs for possible metorig services is oe effective strategy. A example is the Juveile Review Board, which is operated i commuity-based oprofit orgaizatios, ofte foud i local muicipal buildigs which are geographically situated to icrease commuity participatio i the Juveile Review Board ad to accommodate trasportatio eeds of the youthful offeders ad their paret(s)/ guardia(s). As a result of this close workig relatioship, Juveile Review Boards receive more referrals of high-risk ad at-risk youth, to iclude referrals for metorig programs. Juveile Review Boards ofte operate as a early itervetio program of the Deliquecy Court, ad more ofte tha ot, there is o formal arrest if the juveile completes the imposed sactio of the Juveile Review Board. These early itervetio programs ofte divert youth from the formal juveile justice system. They are a effective strategy with regards to idetifyig youth who are exhibitig early ati-social, deliquet ad/or crimial behavior ad sigificatly icrease quality time ad attetio to idetifyig a wide rage of risk factors, ad respod to these with specific wrap-aroud-services, such as the delivery of metorig services. Tee Court diversio programs are aother example of a Juveile Justice System itervetio program successfully workig with local metorig programs. A Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program ad metorig program profile is listed below uder Traiig ad Techical Assistace Resources. Providig adult metors with additioal ad ogoig traiig to improve their ability to be a more effective metor for a high-risk youth from the Deliquecy Court has resulted i loger ad stroger relatioships. Adult staff from the Deliquecy Court ad metorig program have a greater cofidece i these adult metors havig a higher level of preparedess i their role as a metor. Metorig programs with a specific ad/or sole purpose of servig youth from the Deliquecy Court have a advatageous level of kowledge, skill ad ability i providig effective metorig services for a wide rage of high-risk youth ivolved with the Juveile Justice System, which ofte leads to stroger relatioships betwee metorig programs ad the Deliquecy Court. CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS Challege #1: More tha 90 percet of all highrisk youth formally ivolved with the Juveile Justice System are ot removed from their home for ay period of time beyod beig detaied durig the apprehesio ad formal arrest. The ivolvemet of these high-risk youth with the Deliquecy Court is usually three (3) or four (4) moths at the maximum. Ofte, these high-risk youth are arrested by law eforcemet, ad they do ot appear before the Deliquecy Court or Juveile Probatio for two (2) more moths, leavig oly betwee oe (1) ad two (2) moths for a judge or probatio officer to make a referral for metorig services. * Actio Step Makig a referral for metorig services is ofte the oly task ad role a Deliquecy Court judge or Juveile Probatio officer will assume. It is critical for local metorig 74

77 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS cotiued programs to establish ad maitai positive workig relatioships with these idividuals. Metorig programs are well served to ot accept referrals of high-risk youth from the Deliquecy Court, if that referral will be placed o a log waitig list, as this will cosiderably decrease future referrals from the Deliquecy Court. Metorig programs should establish aveues for commuicatig the duratio of time it will take for Depedecy Court referred high-risk youth will be placed i a metorig match. Challege #2: Referrals of high-risk youth from the Deliquecy Court are re-arrested ad/or icarcerated for a subsequet juveile crime, offese ad/or violatio after the metorig match has bee fialized ad the metorig relatioship has begu. * Actio Step Metorig programs should establish operatioal ad admiistrative procedures for hadlig matched high-risk youth from the Depedecy Court who are re-arrested ad/or icarcerated. This is especially critical whe a high-risk youth is arrested i aother jurisdictio ad there is a secod, differet Depedecy Court. The subsequet arrest could be of a very serious ature which may require match termiatio. This secod arrest may also result i the high-risk youth beig placed i a Juveile Detetio or Juveile Correctioal Facility makig it difficult or ot possible to cotiue with the match. I some cases, metorig programs will be able to cotiue with the metorig match, ad they will just eed to commuicate with additioal cotacts as they relate to ay subsequet offese. Challege #3: Deliquecy Courts, Tribal Juveile Courts ad metorig programs all reported that miority males comprise the highest percetage of referrals of high-risk youth for metorig services. This poses a challege i may metorig programs, as there are eve loger waitig lists for male metors i compariso to female metors. * Actio Step A group metorig approach ca be the sole type of metorig offered ad/or group metorig ca take place util a oe-to-oe adult metor is matched with these high-risk miority male referrals. Metorig programs ca also udertake targeted recruitmet efforts to attract more male metors. Some metorig programs cotact former male metors ad request that they agai voluteer as a metor. Challege #4: Youth with dual adjudicatory issues iclude those who are ivolved with both the Depedecy Court ad Deliquecy Court. This presets a uique ad ot ucommo set of obstacles. Dual adjudicatory status ca exist at the poit of referral for metorig services ad/or after a formal match has bee made. * Actio Step #4 Metorig programs ad Deliquecy Courts ca reduce match disruptio ad/or termiatio by ot referrig or acceptig Deliquecy Court ivolved youth who have dual adjudicatory status uless the metorig program is well equipped to uderstad the complexities ivolved with youth who have dual adjudicatory status. Depedecy Court issues ted to take precedece over Deliquecy Court issues, ad it is usually ot more tha a four (4)-moth period where dual adjudicatory status exists, but the mere fact that a youth has this classificatio raises a red flag. Some referrals are made ad accepted if the metorig program has a log waitig list; this has show to be a proactive approach to the referral beig ivolved with either the Deliquecy or Depedecy Court, ot both at the time of makig the match. 75

78 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN THE DELINQUENCY COURT Adjudicatio Hearig the hearig at which the Juveile Deliquecy Court judge/judicial officer determies that a juveile is resposible for the offese that has bee filed. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Bleded Setecig the impositio of both juveile ad adult seteces cocurretly by the Juveile Deliquecy Court uder certai circumstaces. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Deliquet Youth a mior who has committed a act, which uder the laws of the jurisdictio would be a crime if committed by a adult. Detetio Hearig the first Juveile Deliquecy Court hearig regardig a alleged deliquet youth who was placed i detetio at the time the affidavit ad petitio were filed or at the time the youth was arrested o a warrat. Diversio (Juveile) I less serious offeses, ad if agreed to by the youth ad paret/guardia, the case is hadled through o-judicial alterative services. Dual Adjudicatory a Deliquecy Court desigatio for a abused, eglected or depedet youth who is also a deliquet youth ad vice versa. Graduated Sactios/Resposes a accoutability-based, graduated series of sactios ad icetives, combied with treatmet ad services, applicable to youth withi the Juveile Justice System. Judicial Officer a lawyer appoited by a Juveile Deliquecy judge to hear Juveile Deliquecy petitios. May be referred to as Commissioer, Magistrate, Master, Referee or Hearig Officer. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the Structured Decisio-Makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Post-Dispositio Review hearigs held after the Juveile Deliquecy Court has ordered probatio, treatmet services, support services or placemet to esure that the youth, parets, probatio, treatmet ad service providers are followig through with the court ordered ad/or court supported pla. 76

79 Recidivism Rates There are three (3) commo rates of recidivism used frequetly i the Juveile Justice ad Crimial Justice Systems. They iclude: 1) re-arrest; 2) covictio; ad 3) icarceratio. The Natioal Istitute of Justice (NIJ) cosiders recidivism rates to be empirically logical usig a scietific ad radom assigmet approach which is three (3) years post adjudicatio. Status Offeder a juveile who has committed a offese that would ot be cosidered a offese if committed by a adult (i.e truacy, ruaway, etc.). Writte Fidigs ad Orders the documet that records the decisios made by the court at the deliquecy hearig, which is distributed to legal parties ad key participats at the ed of the each Juveile Deliquecy Court hearig. Youth Justice These rapidly expadig juveile justice diversio programs are ofte referred to as Youth Court, Tee Court, Peer Court, Studet Court ad Youth Peer Pael. Summos the documet provided to a alleged deliquet youth ad parets/legal guardias that orders them to appear before the Deliquecy Court at a specific date ad time to respod to a specific alleged violatio of the law. Waiver (or Waive Jurisdictio) refers to the trasfer of a youth from Juveile Deliquecy Court to Crimial Court. Also referred to as certificatio, trasfer ad reliquishmet. Warrat a order for the arrest of a youth o a alleged law violatio or failure to appear at court. Also referred to as writ, capias or take ito custody. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. 77

80 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio 78

81 WEBSITES OF INTEREST Big Brother Big Sisters of East TN Koxville, TN, USA Sa Diego Youth Services Metorig Program Sa Diego, CA, USA PageServer?pageame=foster Boys ad Girls Clubs of Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV, USA Juveile Court ad Juveile Probatio Choctaw Tribal Court Mississippi Bad of Idias Durat, OK, USA juveile.html Poca Tribe of Oklahoma Metorig Program ad Youth Services Poca City, OK, USA Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig aspx Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources html 79

82 NOTES 80

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84 1 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

85 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Depedecy Court ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Scott Berard Peterso 2

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87 Depedecy Court ad Metorig Depedecy Courts ivolve a juveile (child/youth), typically i cases of abuse, eglect ad mistreatmet. Depedecy Court judges are charged with determiig if allegatios of abuse or eglect are sustaied by the evidece ad, if so, are legally sufficiet to support state itervetio o behalf of the child. Some youth who appear i the Deliquecy Court also appear i the Depedecy Court at the same time for dual adjudicatory issues. The Depedecy Court is most commoly associated with foster care, abuse ad eglect issues ivolvig youth youger tha eightee (18) years of age. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics Referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth for the delivery of local metorig services are ofte made by ad/or approved by govermetal agecies represetig couty ad state level jurisdictios,ad, therefore, it is importat for metorig ad Depedecy Court staff to discuss geographic barriers whe makig ad acceptig referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth. 85

88 2 Possible Challeges of Youth Ivolved with the Depedecy Court (Ages 0-18) Idividual Coduct disorders (authority coflict/rebellious/stubbor/disruptive/atisocial) Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet Family Atisocial parets Child maltreatmet (abuse or eglect) Family history of problem behavior/crimial ivolvemet Family poverty/low family socioecoomic status Family violece (child maltreatmet, parter violece, coflict) High paretal stress/materal depressio Paretal crimiality Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig ad child maagemet) Poor paret-child relatios or commuicatio School Poor school performace; academic failure Low academic aspiratios 86

89 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Referrig Depedecy Court Youth to Metorig Programs What is the differece betwee a Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court ad a Tee Court/Youth Court program? The Deliquecy Court is most commoly associated with the Juveile Justice System ad juveiles who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. The Depedecy Court is most commoly associated with foster care, abuse ad eglect issues ivolvig youth youger tha 18 years of age. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs are juveile justice diversio programs ad are admiistered o a local level by law eforcemet agecies, probatio departmets, Deliquecy Courts, schools ad oprofit orgaizatios. Who refers youth i Depedecy Courts to metorig programs? Depedecy Court ivolved youth are ofte referred to metorig services by adult staff represetig local ad state Departmets of Health ad Huma Services, Departmets of Childre ad Family Services, Depedecy ad Family Courts, Judicial Districts, Court Appoited Special Advocates Associatios ad oprofit orgaizatios that are legally grated authority ad desigated to act i the best iterests of youth i the Depedecy Court. Most ofte these oprofit orgaizatios have a residetial compoet for Depedecy Court ivolved youth. Emergecy Group Foster Care Facilities ad Homeless Youth Shelters are two (2) examples of oprofit orgaizatios legally desigated to care for the high-risk youth. Specific adult staff makig the referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth are ofte employed as social workers, case maagers, court appoited special advocates, judges (to iclude magistrates), legal guardias, temporary guardias, foster care parets, paret(s), guardia ad litem(s), child care workers ad residece couselors. The Juveile Review Board process is a approximately oe-hour group meetig to determie placemets, referrals, service eeds ad/or madated commuity services sactios. Participats i the Juveile Review Board iclude the youthful offeder, paret(s), guardia(s), adult voluteers (typically betwee six ad eight) ad ofte staff from a local metorig program. A similar approach called Family Group Coferecig is utilized i the Depedecy Court ad Circle Setecig is ofte utilized i Native America ad Alaska Native Tribes. Referral for metorig services is a recommedatio ad ot madatory, although referrals are strogly ecouraged. Formal referrals from metorig services are made by the adult coordiator i charge of the Juveile Review Board. What is a embedded program ad how is it importat to a successful metorig program i a Depedecy Court settig? A embedded metorig program withi a Depedecy Court is oe which is directly operated by the Depedecy Court ad/or the Depedecy Court cotracts out for the delivery of metorig services to a public or private etity, while maitaiig admiistrative authority. Depedecy Court embedded metorig programs are operatioal o a local muicipal level, ot a state level. A Depedecy Court embedded metorig program beefits from multiple poits of referral for metorig services withi the largely uiform Depedecy Court hearigs to iclude: (1)Permaecy Plaig Hearigs; (2) Prelimiary Protective Hearigs; (3) Termiatio of Paretal Rights (TPR); (4) Adjudicatio Hearigs; 87

90 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued (5) Dispositio Hearigs; (6) Review Hearigs; ad (7) Adoptio Hearigs. The Depedecy Court is able to cotrol iteral referrals for metorig services, which beefits the high-risk youth ot beig placed o a log waitig list for a metor. Family group coferecig is a icreasigly commo Depedecy Court improvemet practice ad ot a hearig. Family group coferecig ivolves a wide rage of adults i the lives of Depedecy Court ivolved youth, i additio to Depedecy Court staff. Family group coferecig leds itself very well to discussios regardig makig a referral for metorig services for high-risk youth, as well as the determiatio to make the delivery of metorig services part of the permaecy pla, to iclude whe cocurret plaig is takig place withi the Depedecy Court. Embedded metorig programs beefit cosiderably from this approach, as metorig staff are part of the family group coferecig discussios. Embedded metorig programs also oly make referrals iterally ad, therefore, they ca avoid log waitig lists ad the egative cootatios associated with that situatio. This is especially importat for older age youth, as it is essetial to get them a adult metor as soo as possible, so they ca establish a strog relatioship with their adult metor before agig out of foster care. Embedded metorig programs also beefit from the icreased cotact with the Depedecy Court youth ad the adult metor ivolved i the metorig relatioship. How are strog metorig relatioships formed betwee metorig programs ad the Depedecy Court? Depedecy Courts ad metorig programs beefit from havig a agreed upo, formal writte referral policy which takes i to cosideratio a wide rage of factors to be discussed ad agreed upo to iclude: (1) Oly paret(s) ad legal guardias ca make referrals; (2) Referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth eed to be i a relatively stable home or other placemet settig to help avoid the egative impact of early match termiatio; (3) Realistic time frames from the time of referral to the time a metorig match eeds to be discussed; (4) Oce a referral is made from the Depedecy Court, it is importat to have the primary cotact perso idetified, to iclude otificatios regardig chages i that primary cotact perso; ad (5) Depedecy Courts ad metorig programs each eed to come up with their ow policies regardig makig ad acceptig referrals of higher-risk Depedecy Court youth who are more likely to be a dager to themselves ad/or someoe else. A Memoradum of Uderstadig ad a Case Referral Flow-Chart delieate importat roles ad steps which foster a more favorable workig relatioship betwee the Deliquecy Court ad the metorig program(s). Are oembedded metorig programs successful i workig with Depedecy Court youth? More ofte tha ot, private orgaizatios are the etity operatig ad providig metorig services to the Depedecy Court, rather tha the Depedecy Court operatig a embedded metorig program. These private orgaizatios ca be successful o a umber of frots with regard to deliverig metorig services to high-risk youth i the Depedecy Court. There are a wide rage of admiistrative ad 88

91 operatioal factors to cosider which will result i successful or usuccessful workig relatioships. Flow-Charts ad/or Memoradums of Uderstadig (MOUs) aroud makig ad acceptig referrals support stroger ad loger lastig workig relatioships betwee Depedecy Courts ad metorig programs. Metorig programs with a specific or sole focus o servig Depedecy Court ivolved youth are purposely better equipped to hadle a wide rage of issues associated with the Child Welfare System. Positive workig relatioships amog the professioals workig for the Depedecy Court ad the metorig programs are essetial for effective metorig services to be delivered to these high-risk youth. Were youth i Depedecy Courts willig to participate i metorig programs? Depedecy Court ivolved youth ca rage i age from birth to age eightee (18). The majority of these youth reside with oe (1) or more paret(s)/ guardia(s) or these youth have bee removed from the care of their paret(s)/guardia(s) ad are placed i immediate, short-term ad/or log-term care placemets uder the care of the state. Depedecy Court ivolved youth i the care of the state are oversee by a judge i collaboratio with a Child ad Family Services Departmet. If the judge directs the social worker to secure metorig services for a ie (9) year old youth i the custody of the state, the judge is actig i a paretal capacity, ad the referral is NOT volutary. More ofte tha ot, the referral for metorig services is volutary, ad especially with youth who are fiftee (15) ad older. However, it is importat to recogize that metorig ca be madatory i the Depedecy Court if the judge has determied a metorig relatioship with a resposible adult is i the best iterest of the Depedecy Court ivolved youth. Metorig programs make their ow determiatio if they will accept madatory referrals of these high-risk youth for metorig services, eve if the youth does ot wat such a referral. More ofte tha ot, adult professioals i metorig programs will support the decisio of the judge, who is actig i the best iterest of the youth. What are the primary cosideratios for metorig programs whe Depedecy Court youth are referred for metorig services? The Depedecy Court hadles cases ivolvig childre who subjected to abuse ad eglect; childre with custodial issues; termiatio of paretal rights; ad childre i foster care to iclude those with etrustmet agreemets. Referrals of high-risk youth for metorig services from the Deliquecy Court ad/or aother etity legally operatig o behalf of the Deliquecy Court are volutary referrals. The Deliquecy Court has o legal authority for madatig high-risk youth be matched with a adult metor. This is differet from the Depedecy Court, as it ofte acts as the legal custodia of high-risk youth, ad therefore ca act i the best iterest of the youth, to iclude the delivery of metorig services. Referrals eed to be assessed for dual adjudicatory issues whe lookig at referrals from the Depedecy Court, as additioal iformatio is ofte ecessary before approvig a referral for the delivery of metorig services. Ofte, the same judge for Depedecy Court issues is the same judge for Deliquecy Court issues ad, therefore, accessig dual adjudicatory issues is ot as difficult as it may appear. Specialized recruitmet, traiig, screeig ad matchig of adults to serve as metors for a highrisk youth from the Deliquecy Court beefit both the adult metor ad the youth metee. Recruitmet ca be targeted to adults iterested i workig with high-risk youth for a wide variety of reasos. Highrisk youth from the Deliquecy Court ofte preset a uique set of challeges which require specialized traiig for adults voluteerig to serve as a metor. While backgroud checks should always be madatory, additioal screeig to iclude iterviews ad other tactics ca be deployed to reduce match termiatio rates. 89

92 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued Are there ay Depedecy Court statutory requiremets related to metorig? Yes. Uited States Public Law passed November 19, 1997, requires a permaecy pla be put i place o later tha 12 moths after a youth eters the Depedecy Court for purposes of promotig the adoptio ad improved delivery of services ad care for foster care youth. This public law helps promote stability for foster care youth. The Depedecy Court hearigs ad related treatmet ad permaecy hearigs led themselves to the iclusio of a adult metor i the life of a foster care youth. The referral stage for the delivery of metorig services for foster care youth is well iformed at these required permaecy hearigs ad becomes part of the permaecy pla for youth ivolved with the Depedecy Court. Public Law requires judicial approval of the permaecy pla. WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies Providig adult metors with additioal ad ogoig traiig to improve their ability to be a more effective metor for a high-risk youth from the Depedecy Court has resulted i loger ad stroger relatioships. Adult staff from the Depedecy Court ad metorig program also have a greater cofidece with regard to these adult metors havig a higher level of preparedess i their role as a metor. Metorig programs with a specific ad/or sole purpose of servig youth from the Depedecy Court have a advatageous level of kowledge, skill ad ability i providig effective metorig services for a wide rage of high-risk youth ivolved with the Depedecy Court. This specialized focus ofte icludes metorig programs hirig child welfare social workers ad case maagers who are able to avigate the requiremets ad systematic limitatios of workig with the Depedecy Court, which ofte leads to stroger relatioships betwee metorig programs ad the Depedecy Court. 90

93 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS Challege #1: Depedecy Court ivolved youth ted to be a more trasiet populatio by choice ad ot by choice. This ofte serves as a barrier for log-term effective metorig relatioships which ca yield favorable results i the life of a youth i the Depedecy Court. * Actio Step Depedecy Court ad metorig program staff deal with this by largely oly referrig ad acceptig Depedecy Court ivolved youth who are i loger-term placemets to the extet that this ca be determied give the fluid ature of youth i the Depedecy Court. * Actio Step Metorig programs ad Depedecy Courts ca reduce match disruptio ad/or termiatio by ot referrig or acceptig Depedecy Court ivolved youth who have dual adjudicatory status. Depedecy Court issues ted to take precedece over Deliquecy Court issues, ad it is usually ot more tha a four (4) moth period where dual adjudicatory status exists. Some referrals are made ad accepted if the metorig program has a log waitig list, as this has show to be a proactive approach to expedite metorig matches. Challege #2: Depedecy Court youth age out of the Foster Care System at age eightee (18) ad ofte self-termiate the metorig match upo turig eightee (18). * Actio Step Metorig programs ad the Depedecy Court ofte do ot make or accept referrals of high-risk youth for metorig services above age sixtee (16) or sevetee (17). Ofte, referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth ages sixtee (16) ad older are referred for career-type models of metorig services. Challege #3: Youth with dual adjudicatory issues iclude those who are ivolved with both the Depedecy Court ad Deliquecy Court. This presets a uique ad ot ucommo set of obstacles. Dual adjudicatory status ca exist at the poit of referral for metorig services ad/or after a formal match has bee made. Challege #4: Depedecy Court ivolved youth referred to metorig programs ofte have commuicatio problems which iterfere with the referral ad match process. Depedecy Court ivolved youth rarely have access to a computer or cell phoe, ad eve whe they do, it is ofte oly for a short period of time. Commuicatio is essetial for the metorig program ad a adult metor to cotact the Depedecy Court ivolved youth. * Actio Step #4 Some metorig programs have secured fudig ad doatios to provide Depedecy Court ivolved youth with prepaid cell phoes that are limited to makig ad receivig phoe calls oly. Metorig programs provide the adult metors of these Depedecy Court ivolved youth with additioal prepaid phoe cards to give their metors durig their match time together. This also allows these high-risk youth to call their adult metor should they eed to commuicate with them ad/or for other purposes. 91

94 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN THE DEPENDENCY COURT Adoptio ad Safe Families Act (PL ) federal legislatio passed i 1997 that focused o safety issues as related to reuificatio, required safety issues as related to uificatio, required permaecy time frames, ad speedig the process of plaig ad fidig permaet homes withi 12 moths. This legislatio strives to improve coditios ad more future outcomes for youth ligerig i the Foster Care System ad agig out of the Foster Care System. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Depedet Youth the term used by some jurisdictios to describe a youg perso subject to the jurisdictios of the court because of child abuse, eglect or lack of proper care. Dual Adjudicatory a Deliquecy Court desigatio for a abused, eglected or depedet youth who is also a deliquet youth ad vice versa. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the structured decisio makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. Writte Fidigs ad Orders the documet that records the decisios made by the court at the deliquecy hearig, which is distributed to legal parties ad key participats at the ed of the each Juveile Deliquecy Court hearig. Family Group Coferecig a process ivolvig the egagemet of immediate ad exteded family members ad close frieds to meet with a traied a facilitator ad desig solutios for a youth, which they agree to implemet to resolve a problem. Although this method is more commo i the Depedecy Court, it is also used i the Deliquecy Court. 92

95 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio 93

96 WEBSITES OF INTEREST Team Up Metorig Program Norfolk, VA, USA Spectrum Metorig Program Burligto, VT, USA Sa Diego Youth Services Metorig Program Sa Diego, CA, USA PageServer?pageame=foster Saratoga Metorig Program Catholic Charities of Saratoga Saratoga, NY, USA Poca Tribe of Oklahoma Metorig Program ad Youth Services Poca City, OK, USA MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources 94

97 NOTES 95

98 NOTES 96

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100 2 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

101 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Tee/Youth Court Programs ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Scott Berard Peterso 3

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103 Tee/Youth Court Programs ad Metorig Tee/Youth Court Programs are Juveile Justice diversio programs i which juveiles are seteced by their peers for mior crimes, offeses ad/or violatios. These juveile diversio programs are admiistered o a local level by law eforcemet agecies, probatio departmets, deliquecy courts, schools ad local oprofit orgaizatios. They offer commuities a opportuity to provide immediate cosequeces for primarily first-time-offedig juveiles, ad they also offer importat civic, service ad voluteer opportuities for voluteer youth who serve as judges, defeders, prosecutors, clerks ad jurors. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics Referrals of Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program ivolved youth for the delivery of local metorig services are primarily made ad/or approved by commuity-based orgaizatios, schools ad/or govermetal agecies to iclude Police Departmets, Probatio Departmets ad Deliquecy Courts. Therefore, it is importat for metorig ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program staff to discuss geographic barriers whe makig ad acceptig referrals of Depedecy Court ivolved youth. 101

104 Possible Challeges of Youth Ivolved with Tee Court/ Youth Court Diversio Programs (Ages 6-18) Idividual Primarily first time offeders Atisocial/deliquet beliefs 3 Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet Low to moderate alcohol/drug use Lack of guilt ad empathy Physical violece/aggressio Low-level crimes, violatios ad offeses Family Deliquet/gag-ivolved sibligs Lack of orderly ad structured activities withi the family Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig ad child maagemet) Poor paret-child relatios or commuicatio School Moderate truacy/abseces/suspesios Low academic aspiratios Low school attachmet/bodig/motivatio/commitmet to school Poor school attitude/performace; academic failure Poor studet-teacher relatios Poorly defied rules ad expectatios for appropriate coduct Poorly orgaized ad fuctioig schools/iadequate school climate/egative labelig by teachers Peer Associatio with atisocial/aggressive/deliquet peers Peer rejectio Lack of ivolvemet with peers i group settigs What is the differece betwee a 102

105 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Referrig Tee Court/Youth Court to Metorig Programs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court ad a Tee Court/Youth Court program? The Deliquecy Court is most commoly associated with the Juveile Justice System ad juveiles who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. The Depedecy Court is most commoly associated with foster care, abuse, ad eglect issues ivolvig youth youger tha 18 years of age. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs are juveile justice diversio programs ad are admiistered o a local level by law eforcemet agecies, probatio departmets, deliquecy courts, schools ad oprofit orgaizatios. Who refers youth i Tee Court/Youth Court to metorig? Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs are operated by a wide rage of agecies ad orgaizatios to iclude public ad private etities. More ofte tha ot, a Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program is a collaborative approach amog two (2) or more agecies ad orgaizatios. Therefore, multiple sources ca ad do make referrals for the delivery of metorig services for high-risk youth ad youth voluteers ivolved with local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. Youthful offeders ad youth voluteers ivolved with a local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program are referred to metorig programs by agecies ad orgaizatios to iclude: (1) Deliquecy Courts; (2) Juveile ad Adult Probatio Departmets; (3) Police Departmets; (4) Sheriff ad State Police Departmets; (7) Admiistrative Office of the Courts; (8) Elemetary, Juior-High ad High Schools; ad (9) Traffic ad Adult Court. Idividuals from these referral sources makig volutary referrals for metorig services icluded: (1) Tee Court/Youth Court adult coordiators ad directors; (2) Deliquecy Court judges ad magistrates; (3) Probatio Officers; (4) Police Officers; (5) Youth Services Specialists; (6) Social Workers ad Case Maagers; (7) School Officials ad Admiistrators; (8) Court Clerks; (9) Public Defeders; ad (10) Voluteer Youth Juries i local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs uder the guidace of authorized adults. What is a embedded program ad how is it importat to a successful metorig program i a Tee Court/Youth Court program settig? A embedded metorig program withi a Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program is most ofte oe which is directly operated by the Tee Court/ Youth Court diversio program. Tee Court/Youth Court embedded metorig programs operate o a local muicipal level, ot a state level. (5) Commuity-Based ad NoProfit Orgaizatios; (6) Youth Bureaus; 103

106 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued Embedded metorig programs i a Tee Court/ Youth Court diversio programs may be operated by the muicipality i a Youth Bureau, Youth Services ad/or other related public agecy. The majority of embedded metorig programs take place whe a local oprofit commuity-based orgaizatio operates both a metorig program ad Tee Court/ Youth Court diversio program i additio to other programs ad services. How are strog metorig relatioships formed betwee metorig Programs ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs? Memoradums of Uderstadig ad a Referral Flowchart delieatig admiistrative ad operatioal referral policies ad practices foster a favorable ad log term workig relatioship betwee Tee Court/ Youth Court diversio programs ad metorig programs. A well writte Memoradum of Uderstadig (MOU) ca foster effective commuicatio betwee/amog parters, icrease access to a wide rage of resources, stregthe existig ad ew parterships ad provide a framework for addressig issues of mutual cocer. The MOU provides structure for the workig relatioship ad clarifies what each of the parters will do to further the collaboratio. The MOU idetifies the specific resources that will support the partership ad defies how each will be used. I additio, laguage clarifyig the type of staff, scope of work, job descriptios, types of referrals ad provided services help to formalize the partership. Most importatly, the MOU defies the specific commitmets betwee parters to meet mutually agreed upo goals. Are o-embedded metorig programs successful i workig with Tee Court/ Youth Court youth? Yes, a formal itake process takes place with the youthful offeder, paret(s) or guardia(s) ad the adult program director i most Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. Whe youth are referred to oe of these diversio programs, the youthful offeder ad their paret(s) or guardia(s) have usually bee processed iitially by a juveile itake officer. Durig these itake ad processig meetigs with Police Departmets ad a Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program, the youthful offeder is offered a referral for metorig services i a o-embedded metorig program. If the Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program is Probatio-Based or Deliquecy Court-Based, similar itake meetigs take place ad referrals are made to a o-embedded metorig program. Referrals to o-embedded metorig programs for these high-risk youth are viewed as a wrap-aroud service. No-embedded metorig programs are also well served to otify all referral sources about ay waitig lists. Referral sources will ofte stop makig referrals if a waitig list is more tha three (3) moths. Were youth i Tee Court/Youth Court programs willig to participate i metorig programs? Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program high- risk youth are willig to volutarily participate i metorig programs. Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs, like the Deliquecy Court, have o legal authority for madatig high-risk youth be matched with a adult metor. This is differet from the Depedecy Court, as it ofte acts as the legal custodia of high-risk youth, ad therefore ca act i the best iterest of the youth, 104

107 to iclude the delivery of metorig services. Metorig services are primarily viewed as a wrap-aroud service ad embraced by the Juveile Justice System i that cotext. What are the primary cosideratios for metorig programs whe Tee Court/ Youth Court diversio program high-risk youth are referred for metorig services? Youthful offeders are offered the opportuity to volutarily proceed i a local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program if they are a first time juveile offeder, they admit guilt ad they agree to proceed for purposes of addressig their ati-social, deliquet ad/or crimial behavior. Referrals are primarily first time juveile offeders who have committed a crime, offese ad/or violatio. Match support was idetified as a primary programmatic elemet which ca be ehaced to address some of the more challegig youth especially high-risk youth ivolved with the Juveile Justice System ad Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. Some metorig programs have elected to ot accept referrals of youthful offeders who are dagerous to themselves ad/ or the adult metors ad staff. High-risk youth with documeted, serious metal health issues were idetified as a type of referral for metorig services that do ot usually work out well. Volutary willigess of the paret(s) ad guardia(s) to allow their child to egage i a metorig match is required for acceptig a referral for metorig services ad makig a metorig match. the juveile offeder does ot complete their peer imposed sactio i a local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program. Therefore, staff i local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs ad metorig programs seekig to refer high-risk youth for metorig services are ofte uder a time frame of betwee 90 ad 120 days to make referrals for metorig services. State statutes vary with regard to the madatory time frame for adjudicatio of juveiles. This time frame ca ad does vary based o judicial discretio ad other factors, such as dual adjudicatory issues where abuse ad eglect are paramout. Formal actios ca be put ito place to exted this time frame, but that ofte oly takes place with a subsequet offese ad/or usuccessful compliace with the approved imposed setece. Metorig programs seekig to idetify high-risk Deliquecy Court ivolved youth should cosider their state s statutory time frame for juveiles to be adjudicated ad idetify poit(s) of cotact withi the Juveile Justice System ad Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. A website listig Stateby-State Juveile Justice Legislatio is icluded at the bottom of this Techical Assistace Bulleti uder website liks. Are there Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Program statutory requiremets related to metorig? Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs primarily adjudicate low-level youthful offeders who would otherwise proceed i the formal Juveile Justice System. Statutory requiremets are oly relevat for formally arrested juveiles ad o-formal (or pedig) arrests which become formal arrests if 105

108 WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies The poit of referral for high-risk youth i Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs for metorig services is most ofte a early step i a system of graduated sactios i the Juveile Justice System ad usually occurs o later tha thirty (30) days after the arrest (formal ad iformal). The poit of referral ca be at ay poit durig the Tee Court/Youth Court diversio process, from the itake meetig to the completio of the peer imposed sactio, ad most ofte ot loger tha 120 days after the poit of arrest (formal ad iformal). Referrals of high-risk youth ivolved with local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs are volutary. Referrals for metorig services from the youth peer juries are recommedatios ad ofte ecouraged by the adult coordiator of a Tee Court/Youth Court diversio program. Metorig should ot be utilized as a madatory sactio imposed by the Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. The willigess of paret(s), guardia(s) ad youthful offeder(s) to egage i a metorig match is required for acceptig ad makig a metorig match. A Memoradum of Uderstadig ad a Case Referral Flowchart delieatig importat programmatic steps fosters a more favorable workig relatioship betwee the Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs ad the metorig programs. 106

109 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS Challege #1: Metorig programs have challeges idetifyig the appropriate orgaizatios ad agecies authorized to make referral of high-risk youth ivolved with local Tee Court diversio programs, also referred to as Youth Court, Peer Court, Studet Court ad Youth Peer Jury. A wide rage of public ad private agecies ad orgaizatios i a local commuity are ivolved with the operatio of oe of these diversio programs, ad it ca be cofusig to fid out who is admiistratively i charge. * Actio Step Idetify all of the idividuals ad etities that will be ivolved i the targetig highrisk youth i local Tee Court/Youth Court diversio programs. Hold a meetig to idetify the shared fuctios, services ad/or resources that will support the collaboratio. Discuss a pla as to how the parties/etities ca ad may operate together to deliver metorig services. Challege #2: High-risk youth referred from the Deliquecy Court are re-arrested ad/or icarcerated for a subsequet juveile crime, offese ad/ or violatio after the metorig match has bee fialized ad the metorig relatioship has begu. * Actio Step Metorig programs should establish operatioal ad admiistrative procedures for hadlig matched high-risk youth from the Depedecy Court who are re-arrested ad/or icarcerated. This is especially critical whe a high-risk youth is arrested i aother jurisdictio ad there is a secod, differet Depedecy Court. The subsequet arrest could be of a very serious ature which may require match termiatio. This secod arrest may also result i the high-risk youth beig placed i a Juveile Detetio or Juveile Correctioal Facility, makig it difficult or ot possible to cotiue with the match. I some cases, metorig programs will be able to cotiue with the metorig match, ad they will just eed to commuicate with additioal cotacts as they relate to ay subsequet offese. Challege #3: Youth with dual adjudicatory issues iclude those who are ivolved with both the Depedecy Court ad Deliquecy Court. This presets a uique ad ot ucommo set of obstacles. Dual adjudicatory status ca exist at the poit of referral for metorig services ad/or after a formal match has bee made. * Actio Step Metorig programs ad Depedecy Courts ca reduce match disruptio ad/or termiatio by ot referrig or acceptig Depedecy Court ivolved youth who have dual adjudicatory status. Depedecy Court issues ted to take precedece over Deliquecy Court issues, ad it is usually ot more tha a four (4) moth period where dual adjudicatory status exists. Some referrals are made ad accepted if the metorig program has a log waitig list, as this has show to be a proactive approach to expedite metorig matches. 107

110 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN TEEN/YOUTH COURT Adjudicatio Hearig the hearig at which the Juveile Deliquecy Court judge/judicial officer determies that a juveile is resposible for the offese that has bee filed. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Deliquet Youth a mior who has committed a act, which uder the laws of the jurisdictio would be a crime if committed by a adult. Dispositio Hearig the hearig at which the Deliquecy Court makes orders regardig the cosequeces a adjudicated youth receives as a result of the law violatio. Diversio (Juveile) I less serious offeses, ad if agreed to by the youth ad paret/guardia, the case is hadled through o-judicial alterative services. Graduated Sactios/Resposes a accoutability-based, graduated series of sactios ad icetives, combied with treatmet ad services, applicable to youth withi the Juveile Justice System. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the Structured Decisio-Makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Post-Dispositio Review hearigs held after the Juveile Deliquecy Court has ordered probatio, treatmet services, support services, or placemet to esure that the youth, parets, probatio, treatmet ad service providers are followig through with the court ordered ad/or court supported pla. Recidivism Rates There are three (3) commo rates of recidivism used frequetly i the Juveile Justice ad Crimial Justice Systems. They iclude: 1) re-arrest; 2) covictio ad 3) icarceratio. The Natioal Istitute of Justice (NIJ) cosiders recidivism rates to be empirically logical usig a scietific ad radom assigmet approach which is three (3) years post adjudicatio. Status Offeder a juveile who has committed a offese that would ot be cosidered a offese if committed by a adult (i.e truacy, ruaway, etc.). Summos the documet provided to a alleged deliquet youth ad parets/legal guardias that orders them to appear before the Deliquecy Court at a specific date ad time to respod to a specific alleged violatio of the law. 108

111 Waiver (or Waive Jurisdictio) refers to the trasfer of a youth from Juveile Deliquecy Court to Crimial Court. Also referred to as certificatio, trasfer ad reliquishmet. Warrat a order for the arrest of a youth o a alleged law violatio or failure to appear at court. Also referred to as writ, capias or take ito custody. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. Writte Fidigs ad Orders the documet that records the decisios made by the court at the deliquecy hearig, which is distributed to legal parties ad key participats at the ed of the each Juveile Deliquecy Court hearig. Youth Justice These rapidly expadig juveile justice diversio programs are ofte referred to as Youth Court, Tee Court, Peer Court, Studet Court ad Youth Peer Pael. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at html; ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio 109

112 WEBSITES OF INTEREST SMILES Metorig Program New Bedford, MA, USA New Bedford Youth Court Massachusetts, USA Choctaw Tribal Tee Court ad Metorig Program Mississippi Bad of Choctaw Idias Durat, OK, USA tee.html Coloie Youth Court Tow of Coloie, NY, USA Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Capital Regio Albay, NY, USA b /k.7d2d/big_brothers_big_sisters_ of_the_capital_regio.htm Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources 110

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114 NOTES 112

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116 3 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

117 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Juveile Correctios ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Michael A. Joes Pamela A. Clark Roald J. Quiros 4

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119 Juveile Correctios ad Metorig Juveile Correctios is cosidered to be a high-security residetial facility that provides for the log-term ad safe custody of juveiles who have bee adjudicated (i.e. seteced) by the court for havig committed a feloy or multiple misdemeaors. I most cases, a youth s time i a Juveile Correctios settig is log term (moths to years) because they have bee adjudicated by the court system as havig committed a crime. Juveile Correctios may be publicly or privately fuded ad operated. The cotiuum of services provided to youth i Juveile Correctios is determied by state statute ad, at a miimum, should iclude services, such as treatmet plas, that address immediate ad/or acute eeds i the educatioal, metal, physical, emotioal ad social developmet of juveiles. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics O average, most states oly operate betwee two (2) ad three (3) Juveile Correctios facilities that are typically located i rural geographic regios of that state. Juveile Correctios facilities are geerally geder specific. The miimum ad maximum ages of youth served i Juveile Correctios are guided by statute. Typical miimum ad maximum ages are 10 ad 18 years respectively, although some states are ow defiig juveiles as ayoe as old as 23. Some facilities oly house the high-ed crimial youth, such as murderers ad sex offeders. Offeses that youth i correctios are charged with rage from property crimes (e.g. burglary, auto theft, drug possessio ad sellig) to perso-o-perso crimes (e.g. assault, sex offeses ad murder). 117

120 Possible Challeges Facig Youth Ivolved with Juveile Correctios The overarchig goal of metorig youth i the juveile justice system is to build ad stregthe youth assets. Whe dealig with youth i this settig, oe should be cogizat of potetial challeges: 4 Coduct disorders (authority coflict/rebellious/stubbor/disruptive/atisocial) Idividual Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet Metal health issues (icludig substace abuse) Umet medical ad detal eeds Family Metal disorders/atisocial parets Family history of problem behavior/crimial ivolvemet Family poverty/low family socioecoomic status Family violece (child maltreatmet, parter violece, coflict) Family stress Paret crimiality Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig, ad child maagemet) Poor paret-child relatios or commuicatio School Poor school attedace Poor school performace; academic failure Learig disorders 118

121 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Juveile Correctios Youth to Metorig What is the differece betwee a detetio ceter ad a correctioal ceter? I the process of coductig iitial cotacts for potetial site visits, project staff leared that there was some cofusio amog metorig programs about the differece betwee Juveile Detetio ad Juveile Correctios settigs. Detetio is used primarily for juveiles who are awaitig actio of the court or trasfer to a Juveile Correctios facility. The average legth of stay i detetio is usually less tha 21 days with the majority of youth stayig 72 hours or less. Some detetio ceters have specialized programs so that juveiles may stay as log as six moths, servig a setece that the judge has imposed. Juveile Correctios ceters house juveiles who have bee committed to the Departmet of Juveile Justice by a judge. These youth have bee foud to have committed a feloy or multiple misdemeaors. Uless committed by the judge o a determiate commitmet, juveiles caot remai i a Juveile Correctios ceter loger tha 36 moths o a idetermiate commitmet (term imposed after covictio for a crime which does ot state a specific period of time or release date, but a rage of time oly, such as betwee five ad 10 years ). Who refers youth i Juveile Correctios to metorig? For correctios settigs where a metorig program is embedded ad is part of the facility s programmatic offerigs, the process for makig referrals for metorig durig icarceratio was i most cases hadled by a Facility Classificatio Team (or Treatmet Team). These teams geerally icluded a MSW, licesed cliical metal health couselors, master s level cliicia, a juveile probatio ad parole officer, a residetial supervisor, treatmet supervisor, reetry caseworker, uit supervisor, ad case maagemet supervisor. I optimal circumstaces, the team would also iclude a master metor or metor specialist (titles varied by locatio). Additioally, the team would iclude metorig as a compoet of the youth s Idividual Service Pla (ISP). Other programs operated o the belief that all youth are good cadidates for a metor, preseted metorig program iformatio to all youth ad the operated o a self-referral process where the youth would request to participate i the program. The program coordiator/metorig specialist would the idetify a match ad oversee the metorig relatioship. For embedded programs beig maaged by the correctios settig, ivolvemet of correctios facility staff i providig ad/or supportig metorig or other services eded with the youth s release from that facility based o potetial liability issues of havig staff leavig the facility to work with youth i the commuity. The processes for makig referrals for metorig post-icarceratio icluded metorig program staff: Discussig the eeds ad circumstaces of detaied youth with the Classificatio/ Treatmet Team throughout the youth s icarceratio ad/or followig a Idividual Service Pla (ISP) developed by the team whe the youth eters ito the settig. Esurig the youth s accessibility to a metor post-release; the begiig the metorig process at least six (6) weeks before release to the commuity (some locatios preferred 119

122 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued loger metorig access prior to release; a Big Brothers Big Sisters program i Achorage preferred 16 weeks). Idetifyig predomiat support persos i the youth s life, particularly i coectio with other risk factors for the youth. What is a embedded program ad how is it importat to a successful metorig program i a Juveile Correctios settig? A embedded metorig program fuctios completely withi the Juveile Correctios facility. Metorig staff have office space i the facility, participate i staff meetigs, iteract with youth i programmatic settigs ad are viewed as importat members of the team by lie staff, as well as facility leadership. The embedded metorig programs provided daily group sessios that lasted betwee oe ad two hours per sessio for all icarcerated youth. Curricula were used that focus o character/ leadership, educatio/career, health/life skills, the arts ad sports/fitess/recreatio. I most settigs, professioally traied metorig staff delivered the oe-to-oe, group ad team-based metorig services durig ad post-icarceratio. The aforemetioed was deemed ideal ad appeared to be most successful. Other programs operated with voluteer metors who sometimes foud that they could ot hadle the multiple challeges preseted by a icarcerated youth. How are strog relatioships formed betwee Juveile Correctios settigs ad metorig programs? Staff with the local metorig program approached leadership at the correctios facility about operatig a embedded metorig program i the facility. Sometimes, approval for program ivolvemet had to be garered from the state level leadership who oversee the etire state s correctios program (e.g. Idiaa Departmet of Correctios). The primary metorig program staff should have a solid uderstadig of the juveile justice system i geeral, the fuctio of Juveile Correctios ad the type of at-risk/high-risk youth served i this settig i order to led credibility to their discussios with facility leadership about implemetig a program. Metorig program staff should be icluded i traiig provided by the correctios facility related to workig with youth i a secure settig. Are o-embedded metorig programs successful i workig with Juveile Correctios youth? A o-embedded metorig program suffers from the lack of regular presece ad iteractio amog metorig staff ad facility staff ad leadership, as well as with the detaied youth. These programs are show ot to be as valued or uderstood by correctios staff ad youth as those programs that are embedded. 120

123 Were youth i Juveile Correctios willig to participate i metorig programs? I settigs where there was o requiremet to atted the metor programmig, it was rare that a youth would choose ot to atted. Ofte, a youth may exhibit fear or doubt about watig to be ivolved, but whe exposed to the program offerigs, participatig i the first meetig or two, ad talkig oe-o-oe with the metorig specialist, the the youth became comfortable ad almost always became or stayed ivolved i the program. I settigs where metorig activities were icorporated ito the facility s programmig, youth were expected to participate. I geeral, Juveile Correctios facilities are regioally located i states, so a youth may be may miles from their home commuity while icarcerated, complicatig the developmet ad maiteace of a metorig relatioship i the youth s home area. The characteristics of juveile justice ivolved youth also pose a challege i that these youth have struggled to fid success i other iterpersoal relatioships ad i school, commuity-based youth servig programs, etc. Some juveile justice ivolved youth have a harder time developig the kids of relatioships ecessary for metorig to be effective, i.e. developig trust, makig a commitmet, etc. I all istaces, cotiued participatio i the metorig program post-icarceratio was volutary ad at the discretio of the metorig program. What are the post-release metorig cosideratios for Juveile Correctios youth? Age is a primary cosideratio as youth may age out of the system before a match ca be made or without sufficiet time for metorig services to be provided. Oe-to-oe metorig post-release should typically be oe hour each week ad should take place at various safe locatios i the commuity. The oe-to-oe metorig match commitmet should be for at least oe year. Are there ay statutory requiremets related to metorig? Related to the metorig program, there were o statutory requiremets to be met either durig or post-icarceratio. Participatio i the commuity-based metorig program is for as log as the youth is eligible ad chooses to participate i metorig. This ca sometimes be challegig if the parets refuse to allow the youth to be ivolved. Youth i the juveile justice system ted to be trasiet, so maitaiig regular frequet cotact is importat ad may be challegig. 121

124 WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies Embedded Metorig Program Metorig program activities were embedded i the program schedule at the correctios facility. As a result, all youth icarcerated there were referred to the metorig program. This situatio esured that all youth had the opportuity to be exposed to metorig activities. Sice the metorig program was embedded i the correctios facility, there was a opportuity for metorig staff to build relatioships with detaied youth durig their icarceratio. This relatioship buildig durig icarceratio helped the youth: Begi to make a coectio with the metorig program ad its staff before their release from correctios. Be more likely to have a iterest i beig referred to ad participatig i post-icarceratio metorig. Offerig metorig programmig iside the correctios facility provided youth with a opportuity to uderstad what services they might receive from the metorig program after their release from detetio. Havig the metorig program embedded at the Juveile Correctios facility allowed the metorig program staff to build relatioships ad trust with juveile justice staff that cotributed to the level of iformatio available to the metorig program about the issues ad eeds of detaied youth prior to their release. Post-Release Metorig staff cotactig detaied youth withi 24 hours of their release from cofiemet supported the maiteace of a ogoig coectio with these youth post-release. Have a sufficiet period of metorig services before release, which would subsequetly help the youth durig their reetry to the commuity. 122

125 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS The log-term ature of the Juveile Correctios settig provides a more favorable time period for implemetig a formal metorig program. The fidigs suggested that metorig i these settigs is ofte provided by commuity- or evidece- based metorig programs with experiece i coductig effective metorig ad coordiatig matches. However, with the Juveile Correctios settig, oe is cofroted with some of the more challegig, high-risk youth aywhere i the juveile justice system. These are youth who have committed feloies or multiple misdemeaors, youth who typically have a violet or substace abusig history ad youth who ofte have metal health problems. Challege #1: Due to cofidetiality requiremets, metorig program staff ofte foud it difficult to access iformatio required by the metorig program, icludig paret cotact iformatio, util after the youth s discharge from correctios. * Actio Step A expectatio should be set by metorig staff for youth idicatig a iterest i participatig i post-icarceratio metorig services to provide cotact iformatio for his/her paret(s)/ caregiver(s) as soo as possible. Challege #2: Despite the relatioship buildig that takes place while youth are icarcerated, after release from correctios the youg perso could chage his/her mid about participatig i the post-icarceratio metorig program. * Actio Step A ivestmet by metorig program staff i buildig relatioships with the youth s paret(s)/caregiver(s), both durig ad after the youth s icarceratio, may serve to provide a support system for ecouragig the youth s ogoig participatio i metorig. I additio, makig a metorig match at least six (6) moths before discharge icreases the likelihood of the relatioship sustaiig upo reetry to commuity. Challege #3: Chages i the youg perso s placemet ca egatively affect the ability of the metorig program to cotiue to serve these youth post-icarceratio. * Actio Step There is likely little that may be doe to aticipate or mitigate the impact of this situatio. Challege #4: Poor paret/child relatioships at times kept paret(s) from supportig the youg perso s participatio i metorig programmig post-icarceratio. * Actio Step #4 Metorig programmig for youth ivolved i the juveile justice system may be most effective whe accompaied by paretig educatio ad support services. These services may be offered as either part of the metorig program or as a referral for service. 123

126 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Adjudicated a court rulig of guilt or iocece. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Dual Adjudicatory a Deliquecy Court desigatio for a abused, eglected or depedet youth who is also a deliquet youth ad vice versa. Embedded Program a program that is housed iside the juveile justice settig either by beig developed by the juveile justice settig or by beig implemeted by a outside metorig program. Idividual Service Pla (ISP) a focused pla for addressig ay umber of issues that a youth may have. Geerally, a similar term is commoly used i public educatio to aid youth with learig difficulties. While the same may be true i Juveile Correctios, the ISP may iclude issues for staff to cosider whe workig with the youth i ay program. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the Structured Decisio-Makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Pre-Adjudicatio the period betwee arrest ad a court rulig o guilt or iocece. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. 124

127 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio 125

128 WEBSITES OF INTEREST Big Brothers Big Sisters of Alaska Achorage, AK Goodwill Idustries of Norther New Eglad Portlad, ME Northeaster Ceter Kedallville, IN cfm?lvl1=servic&lvl2=latio The Keedy Ceter of Louisiaa Shreveport, LA Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources 126

129 NOTES 127

130 NOTES 128

131

132 4 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

133 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Juveile Detetio ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Michael A. Joes Pamela A. Clark Roald J. Quiros 5

134

135 Juveile Detetio ad Metorig Juveile Detetio is cosidered to be a secure residetial facility that provides for the temporary ad safe custody of juveiles whose alleged coduct is subject to court jurisdictio ad who require a restricted eviromet for their ow ad the commuity s protectio while awaitig a hearig, pedig dispositio, awaitig a placemet or pedig a retur to a previous placemet. I most cases, a youth s time i a Juveile Detetio settig is short-term (72 hours or less). Juveile Detetio may be publicly or privately fuded ad operated. The cotiuum of services provided to youth i Juveile Detetio is determied by the jurisdictio/private etity operatig the facility ad, at a miimum, should iclude services that address immediate ad/or acute eeds i the educatioal, metal, physical, emotioal ad social developmet of juveiles. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics Juveile Detetio facilities may be located i commuities large ad small, rural ad urba across the coutry. Because ot all commuities have a Juveile Detetio ceter, facilities ofte serve a regioal area. Juveile Detetio facilities may be co-ed or geder specific. The miimum ad maximum ages of youth served i Juveile Detetio are jurisdictio specific ad guided by statute. Some facilities may choose to serve a age group that is eve more arrow tha that allowed by statute. Typical miimum ad maximum ages are 10 ad 18 years respectively. Offeses that youth i detetio are charged with rage from ruaway, a status offese, to murder. Idividual 133

136 Possible Challeges Facig Youth Ivolved with Juveile Detetio The overarchig goal of metorig youth i the juveile justice system is to build ad stregthe youth assets. Whe dealig with youth i this settig, oe should be cogizat of potetial challeges: 5 Coduct disorders (authority coflict/rebellious/stubbor/disruptive/atisocial) Idividual Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet Metal health issues (icludig substace abuse) Umet medical ad detal eedsds Family Metal disorders/atisocial parets Family history of problem behavior/crimial ivolvemet Family poverty/low family socioecoomic status Family violece (child maltreatmet, parter violece, coflict) Family stress Paret crimiality Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig, ad child maagemet) Poor paret-child relatios or commuicatio School Poor school attedace Poor school performace; academic failure Learig disorders 134

137 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Juveile Detetio Youth to Metorig What is the differece betwee a detetio ceter ad a correctioal ceter? I the process of coductig iitial cotacts for potetial site visits, project staff leared that there was some cofusio amog metorig programs about the differece betwee Juveile Detetio ad Juveile Correctios settigs. Detetio is used primarily for juveiles who are awaitig actio of the court or trasfer to a Juveile Correctios facility. The average legth of stay i detetio is usually less tha 21 days with the majority of youth stayig 72 hours or less. Some detetio ceters have specialized programs so that juveiles may stay as log as six moths, servig a setece that the judge has imposed. Juveile Correctios ceters house juveiles who have bee committed to the Departmet of Juveile Justice by a judge. These youth have bee foud to have committed a feloy or multiple misdemeaors. Uless committed by the judge o a determiate commitmet, juveiles caot remai i a Juveile Correctios ceter loger tha 36 moths o a idetermiate commitmet. Who refers youth i Juveile Detetio to metorig? For detetio settigs where a metorig program is embedded ad is part of the facility s programmatic offerigs, the process for makig referrals for metorig durig icarceratio was the juveile court by virtue of the judge orderig the youth to detetio. Juveile Detetio lie staff workers iformally fit the role of metor/role model to a particular youg perso durig their brief cofiemet. Ivolvemet of detetio facility staff i providig ad/or supportig metorig or other services eded with the youth s release from that facility. The processes for makig referrals for metorig post-icarceratio icluded metorig program staff: Discussig the eeds ad circumstaces of detaied youth with appropriate detetio staff throughout the youth s icarceratio. Esurig the youth s accessibility to a metor post-release. Completig a itake iterview with the youth ad cotactig a appropriate family member(s)/caregiver(s) to esure paret/caregiver support. What is a embedded program ad how is it importat to a successful metorig program i a Juveile Detetio settig? A embedded metorig program fuctios completely withi the Juveile Detetio facility. Metorig staff have office space i the facility, participate i staff meetigs, iteract with youth i programmatic settigs ad are viewed as importat members of the team by lie staff, as well as facility leadership. The embedded metorig programs provided daily group sessios that lasted betwee oe ad two hours per sessio for all detaied youth. Curricula were used that focus o character/ leadership, educatio/career, health/life skills, the arts ad sports/fitess/recreatio. Without a embedded program, there was little evidece of a formalized metorig process for Juveile Detetio settigs give the short-term ature of icarceratio. I some istaces, Professioally traied metorig staff delivered the oe-to-oe, group ad team-based metorig services durig ad post-detetio. 135

138 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued How are strog relatioships formed betwee Juveile Detetio settigs ad metorig programs? I the case of the idetified detetio sites, staff with the local metorig program approached leadership at the detetio facility about operatig a embedded metorig program i the facility. The primary metorig program staff should have a solid uderstadig of the juveile justice system i geeral, the fuctio of Juveile Detetio ad the type of at-risk/high-risk youth served i this settig i order to led credibility to their discussios with facility leadership about implemetig a program. Metorig program staff should be icluded i traiig provided by the detetio facility related to workig with youth i a secure settig. with may youth durig their cofiemet. I these cases, the metorig staff should be prepared to explai the value of the program, ecourage the youth to participate post-release ad gather the appropriate cotact iformatio for the youth, as well as for their paret(s)/caregiver(s). I all istaces, cotiued participatio i the metorig program post-icarceratio was volutary ad at the metorig program s discretio. What are the post-release metorig cosideratios for Juveile Detetio youth? Participatio i the commuity-based metorig program is for as log as the youth is eligible ad chooses to participate i metorig. Are o-embedded metorig programs successful i workig with Juveile Detetio youth? A o-embedded metorig program suffers from the lack of regular presece ad iteractio amog metorig staff ad facility staff ad leadership, as well as with the detaied youth. These programs are show ot to be as valued or uderstood by detetio staff ad youth as those programs that are embedded. Youth i the juveile justice system ted to be trasiet, so maitaiig regular frequet cotact is importat ad may be challegig. I states that operate regioalized Juveile Detetio ceters, a youth may be may miles from their home commuity, complicatig the developmet ad maiteace of a metorig relatioship i the youth s home area. Oe-to-oe metorig post-release should typically be oe hour each week ad should take place at various safe locatios i the commuity. Were youth i Juveile Detetio willig to participate i metorig programs? 136 I settigs where there was o requiremet to atted the metor programmig, it was rare that a youth would choose ot to atted. I settigs where metorig activities were icorporated ito the facility s programmig, youth were expected to participate. The greatest challege for participatio is the short-term ature of detetio. At best, a metorig program may oly make brief cotact The oe-to-oe metorig match commitmet should be for at least oe year. For youth adjudicated from short-term detetio to a log-term setece i a Juveile Correctios facility, cosideratio might be give to waitig for the offeder to be moved to the correctios settig before implemetig metorig services. Are there ay statutory requiremets related to metorig? Related to the metorig program, there were o statutory requiremets to be met either durig or post-icarceratio.

139 WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies Embedded Metorig Program Metorig program activities were Offerig metorig programmig iside embedded i the program schedule at the the detetio facility provided youth with a detetio facility. As a result, all youth opportuity to uderstad what services they icarcerated there were referred to the might receive from the metorig program metorig program. This situatio esured after their release from detetio. that all youth had the opportuity to be exposed to metorig activities. Havig the metorig program embedded at the Juveile Detetio facility allowed the Sice the metorig program was metorig program staff to build relatioships embedded i the detetio facility, there ad trust with juveile justice staff that was a opportuity for metorig staff to cotributed to the level of iformatio build relatioships with detaied youth durig available to the metorig program about the their icarceratio. This relatioship buildig issues ad eeds of detaied youth before durig icarceratio helped the youth: their release from detetio. Begi to make a coectio with the metorig program ad its staff before their release from detetio. Be more likely to have a iterest i beig referred to ad participatig i post-icarceratio metorig. Post-Release Metorig staff cotactig detaied youth withi 24 hours of their release from detetio supported the maiteace of a ogoig coectio with these youth post-release. 137

140 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS The short-term ature of the Juveile Detetio settig provides some challegig barriers i implemetig a formal metorig program. Aecdotally, the fidigs suggested that metorig i these settigs is ofte provided by idividuals, typically from a faith-based orgaizatio, visitig the Juveile Detetio facility o a semi-regular basis rather tha by staff from a commuityor evidece-based metorig program. Challege #3: Chages i the youg perso s placemet ca egatively affect the ability of the metorig program to cotiue to serve these youth post-icarceratio. * Actio Step There is likely little that may be doe to aticipate or mitigate the impact of this situatio. Challege #1: Due to cofidetiality requiremets, metorig program staff ofte foud it difficult to access iformatio required by the metorig program, icludig paret cotact iformatio, util after the youth s discharge from detetio. * Actio Step A expectatio should be set by metorig staff for youth idicatig a iterest i participatig i post-icarceratio metorig services to provide cotact iformatio for his/her paret(s)/ caregiver(s) as soo as possible.. Challege #4: Poor paret/child relatioships at times kept paret(s) from supportig the youg perso s participatio i metorig programmig post-icarceratio. * Actio Step #4 Metorig programmig for youth ivolved i the juveile justice system may be most effective whe accompaied by paretig educatio ad support services. These services may be offered as either part of the metorig program or as a referral for service. Challege #2: Despite the relatioship buildig that takes place while youth are icarcerated, after release from detetio the youg perso could chage his/her mid about participatig i the post-icarceratio metorig program. * Actio Step A ivestmet by metorig program staff i buildig relatioships with the youth s paret(s)/caregiver(s), both durig ad after the youth s icarceratio, may serve to provide a support system for ecouragig the youth s ogoig participatio i metorig. 138

141 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Adjudicated a court rulig of guilt or iocece. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Dual Adjudicatory a Deliquecy Court desigatio for a abused, eglected or depedet youth who is also a deliquet youth ad vice versa. Embedded Program a program that is housed iside the juveile justice settig either by beig developed by the juveile justice settig or by beig implemeted by a outside metorig program. Idividual Service Pla (ISP) a focused pla for addressig ay umber of issues that a youth may have. Geerally, a similar term is commoly used i public educatio to aid youth with learig difficulties. While the same may be true i Juveile Correctios, the ISP may iclude issues for staff to cosider whe workig with the youth i ay program. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the Structured Decisio-Makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Pre-Adjudicatio the period betwee arrest ad a court rulig o guilt or iocece. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. 139

142 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at resources/researchig_the_referral_stage/; Global Youth Justice at ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio 140

143 WEBSITES OF INTEREST Boys ad Girls Club of the Teessee Valley Koxville, TN Boys ad Girls Club of Buffalo Buffalo, NY Goodwill Idustries of Norther New Eglad Portlad, ME Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx 141

144 NOTES 142

145 NOTES 143

146 NOTES 144

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148 5 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

149 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROFILE Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth I Six Differet Juveile Justice Settigs Depedecy Court, Deliquecy Court, Juveile Detetio, Juveile Correctios, Juveile Probatio ad Tee Court/Youth Court Diversio Programs Juveile Probatio ad Metorig THE REFERRAL STAGE Writte by: Michael A. Joes Pamela A. Clark Roald J. Quiros 6

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151 Juveile Probatio ad Metorig The fuctio of Juveile Probatio is to provide supervisio ad moitorig to youth uder the jurisdictio of the court ad esure that youth o probatio comply with all court orders. Juveile Probatio officers have the ability, through the pre-dispositioal ivestigatio/iterview process, to idetify the services ad supports a youg perso ad his/her family may eed. The probatio officer is the i the uique positio of beig able to make whatever referrals are appropriate to meet these eeds, icludig referrals for metorig. I additio to servig as a sactio for adjudicated youth, Juveile Probatio may be used as a way of divertig status ad first-time juveile offeders from the court system. Directio, guidace ad rehabilitatio services are provided to youth o probatio ad their families i a effort to ecourage ad support behavior cosidered to be appropriate by the court ad the commuity. Rehabilitative services are provided by the probatio officer(s) ad/or commuity-based providers. Metorig Program Descriptio Metorig ivolves a o-paretal adult who plays a importat role i promotig healthy developmet for youth. There are may metorig models ad eve more programmatic differeces withi the differet metorig models. The goal of metorig programs is to provide youth with positive adult cotact ad, thereby, reduce risk factors (e.g., early atisocial behavior, alieatio, lack of commitmet to school) by ehacig protective factors (e.g., healthy beliefs, opportuities for ivolvemet, ad social ad material reiforcemet for appropriate behavior). Metors provide youth with persoal coectedess, supervisio ad guidace, skills traiig, career or cultural erichmet opportuities, a kowledge of spirituality ad values ad, perhaps most importatly, goals ad hope for the future. Geographic ad Demographic Characteristics Juveile Probatio is a commuity-based correctios program that exists i all 50 of the Uited States. The miimum ad maximum ages offeders are cosidered to be juveiles are jurisdictio specific ad guided by statute. Typical miimum ad maximum ages are 10 ad 18 years respectively. Youth placed o probatio are ofte uder-educated ad may have limited access to iformatio about opportuities available to them. Referrals of youth for probatio ted to be more heavily male tha female, as is true for the majority of juveile justice services. 149

152 Possible Challeges Facig Youth Ivolved with Juveile Probatio The overarchig goal of metorig youth i the juveile justice system is to build ad stregthe youth assets. Whe dealig with youth i this settig, oe should be cogizat of potetial challeges: 6 Coduct disorders (authority coflict/rebellious/stubbor/disruptive/atisocial) Idividual Geeral deliquecy ivolvemet Metal health issues (icludig substace abuse) Umet medical ad detal eeds Family Metal disorders/atisocial parets Family history of problem behavior/crimial ivolvemet Family poverty/low family socioecoomic status Family violece (child maltreatmet, parter violece, coflict) Family stress Paret crimiality Paretal use of physical puishmet/harsh ad/or erratic disciplie practices Poor paretal supervisio (cotrol, moitorig, ad child maagemet) Poor paret-child relatios or commuicatio School Poor school attedace Poor school performace; academic failure Learig disorders 150

153 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Cosideratios for Referrig Juveile Probatio Youth to Metorig What makes a youth o probatio appropriate for a referral for metorig? Determiatios about the appropriateess of a youth o probatio for referral to metorig are made o a case-by-case basis ad iclude cosideratio of the followig: Needs of the youth ad the family, i particular youth who eed a paretal figure or carig adult. Offese with which the youth is charged. Legth of the youth s probatio. Commitmet of the youth ad family to the metorig process/program. Youth charged with violet ad/or sex offeses are ofte ot cosidered appropriate for referrals for metorig services. Referrals for metorig may be formal ad part of the youth s adjudicatio or iformal with participatio i metorig ecouraged by the probatio officer. Who is authorized to refer a youth o probatio for metorig services? Ay Juveile Probatio officer may refer a youth o his/her caseload for metorig services. I some jurisdictios, the Juveile Court judge may refer a youth o probatio to metorig services. What is the process probatio officers use for referrig a youth for metorig? The process typically begis with the pre-dispositio ivestigatio/iterview (PDI) through which the probatio officer gathers iformatio about the youth, the youth s family ad commuity coectios, the offese, educatioal history, etc., ad determies the specific eeds of the youth ad family. How referrals are made depeds o whether the probatio officer selects from a umber of metorig programs to which they may refer youth or oe specific metorig program that provides these services for probatio youth. Referrals made to commuity-based metorig programs require that youth ad family members complete whatever paperwork ad processes are required for itake ito that program, ad itake decisios are made at the discretio of metorig program staff. Referrals of youth to a specific metorig program that works directly with probatio departmet staff may ivolve metorig program staff attedig probatio departmet meetigs where cases are staffed ad the decisio to refer for metorig will be made joitly. Were youth o probatio willig to participate i metorig programmig? A requiremet for the referral of a youth to metorig program is willigess ad a commitmet to participate i metorig by both the youth ad his/her family. Formal referrals to metorig programmig become part of the court order for services. I cases where the youth ad/or family s commitmet to metorig is questioable, the probatio officer may ecourage or strogly recommed participatio i a metorig program. 151

154 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS cotiued What is the role of the probatio officer oce the referral to a metorig program is made? Probatio officers esure that referred youth are complyig with all the coditios of probatio, icludig participatio i court ordered metorig. Metorig program staff cotact the probatio officer as eeded to share ad discuss cocers about the idividual eeds of youth, as well as to provide the probatio officer with iformatio about the youth s progress. Are there ay statutory requiremets related to metorig? Related to the metorig program ad Juveile Probatio, there were o statutory requiremets to be met. WHAT S WORKING: Examples of Effective Strategies Probatio Officer Relatioships with Metorig Program Staff Probatio officers workig i close partership with metorig program staff is key i terms of the youth s successful referral for metorig services ad the youth ad family s willigess to participate i metorig programmig. Immediate cotact by probatio staff with metorig program staff regardig the referral is sigificat. Regular cotact betwee probatio officers ad metorig program staff is importat. O-site Metorig Program Staff Office I some jurisdictios, metorig program staff had office space i the juveile court or probatio office. Sharig space supported the developmet ad maiteace of collegial relatioships betwee probatio ad metorig staff. Sharig spaced supported the ability of court or probatio staff to walk referred youth ad families to the metorig program staff office where the itake process could begi immediately. 152

155 CHALLENGES AND ACTION STEPS Challege #1: For may youth o probatio, there are poor family relatioships that may keep family members from supportig the youth s participatio i a metorig program. * Actio Step Whe metorig services would appear to be of beefit to a youth o probatio, the Juveile Probatio officer should cosider court orderig these. A ivestmet by metorig program staff i buildig relatioships with the youth s paret(s)/caregiver(s) may serve to provide a support system for ecouragig the youth s ogoig participatio i metorig. It may also be beeficial to order paretig educatio ad other support services i cojuctio with metorig. Challege #2: The time it takes for a youth ad his/her metor to form a bod is variable. If the appropriate bod is ot formed before the youth s probatio eds, it is ulikely the metorig relatioship will be sustaied post-probatio. Challege #3: Chages i the youg perso s placemet ca egatively affect the ability of the metorig program to cotiue to serve these youth, particularly if the placemet is outside the commuity served by the metorig program. * Actio Step A youth for whom a chage i placemet is immiet should ot be referred for metorig services. If the chage i placemet was ot plaed, there is likely little that may be doe to mitigate the impact of this situatio. Challege #4: Some metorig programs are ot able to recruit eough metors to support referred youth ad, therefore, have a waitig list. * Actio Step #4 Referrals of youth o probatio should be made oly to metorig programs with available metors i order to avoid havig these youth placed o what may be a legthy ad log-term waitig list. * Actio Step Prior to makig a referral for metorig, cosideratio should be give to the term of the youth s probatio ad whether this timeframe is coducive to the developmet of a effective bod betwee the youth ad the metor. 153

156 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Adjudicated a court rulig of guilt or iocece. At-Risk ad High-Risk Youth The Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio (OJJDP) defies at-risk youth as those with high levels of risk i their family, home, commuities ad social eviromets to such a degree that it could lead to educatioal failure, droppig out of school or ivolvemet i juveile deliquecy ad gag-related offeses. OJJDP defies high-risk youth as those with preset or past juveile justice ivolvemet. Caretaker or Physical Custodia a perso who has physical custody but ot legal custody of a youth, such as a foster paret, placemet facility or relative without legal custody. Petitio the documet that specifies the violatio of law ad state statute umber described i the affidavit that the youth is alleged to have committed. A probable cause statemet or affidavit, usually filed by the police, accompaies the petitio. Pre-Adjudicatio the period betwee arrest ad a court rulig o guilt or iocece. Wrap-Aroud Services a method of service delivery highlighted by commitmet to create services o a oe youth at a time basis to support ormalized ad iclusive optios for the youth with complex eeds. Wrap-aroud itervetios create a youth ad family team composed of the people who kow the youth best to desig a idividualized pla. Juveile a youth uder the age of majority. The recommeded age is usually eightee (18) ad youger. Legal Guardia a adult who is ot the biological paret, or a state or licesed childre ad youth agecy, who has bee give legal authority by a court to provide care ad custody of a child/youth. Needs Assessmet oe tool i the Structured Decisio-Makig process. It idetifies the offeder s specific eeds ad provides part of the foudatio for the case pla. 154

157 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE RESOURCES OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Full Report OJJDP Research Report o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Executive Summary Juveile Justice Joural o Referrig High Risk Youth for Metorig Services Special Editio Memoradums of Uderstadig Six Resource Guides for Developig MOUs for Juveile Justice ad Metorig Services PowerPoit Presetatios for Six Juveile Justice Settigs ad Metorig MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio, Checklist for Metorig Programs For free, dowloadable versios of these resources, visit: MENTOR at research/i_the_ews/referrals_of_high_risk_youth_ for_metorig_services_i_six_juveile_ju; Global Youth Justice at ad Natioal Partership for Juveile Services at Six Techical Assistace Profiles: Examiig the Referral Stage for Metorig High-Risk Youth MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig, Third Editio MENTOR s Elemets of Effective Practice For Metorig Toolkit Juveile Justice Sectio 155

158 WEBSITES OF INTEREST Boys ad Girls Club of the Teessee Valley Koxville, TN Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Model Program Guide/Metorig Global Youth Justice Website Metorig High Risk Youth Resources Natioal Partership for Juveile Services Metorig High Risk Youth Resources MENTOR: The Natioal Metorig Partership Admiistratio for Childre, Youth ad Families, U.S. Dept. of Health ad Huma Services State-by-State Listig of Legislatio ad Statutes Regardig Juveiles Profiles.aspx Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio Metorig Resources 156

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160 6 This project was supported by Grat #2010-JU-FX-0118 awarded by the Office of Juveile Justice ad Deliquecy Prevetio, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Departmet of Justice. The opiios, fidigs ad coclusios or recommedatios expressed i this publicatio/program/ exhibitio are those of the author(s) ad do ot ecessarily reflect those of the Departmet of Justice. PROJECT PARTNERS

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162 PROJECT PARTNERS