Supplementary Methods

Transcription

1 Supplementary Methods DNA Sequencing Methods Most of the tissues used in this study are directly linked to morphological voucher specimens in publicly accessible natural history collections. However, 17 of the tissues, all from a collection taken in Agusan del Sur, Mindanao during an expedition conducted by Mindanao State University, Iligan, cannot be associated with specimens because voucher numbers were not indicated on the loaned tissue samples. Numbers used on these tissues use the acronym MSU, combined with the serial number given in the tissue loan (i.e. 1 17). Identities of these specimens are assumed, based on their closest relatives in mitochondrial gene trees. Methods of DNA extraction and sequencing follow Esselstyn et al. (2008). Cytochrome b was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers L14724 and H15275 (Irwin et al. 1991). PCR thermal profiles used an initial denaturing stage of 2 min at 95ºC, followed by 30 cycles of 94º for 30 sec, 55º for 30 sec, and 72º for 40 sec, and finished with a final extension at 72º for 7 min. This protocol successfully amplified gene fragments for most samples, but a few were amplified using alternative annealing temperatures, ranging from 53º to 56º. ND2 was amplified using the primers Met-1 and Trp-2 (Olson et al. 2004). Thermal profiles followed the same procedure as above, but the annealing temperature was started at 58º and finished at 50º in a touchdown reaction and extension time was 1 min. We designed new internal primers (HippoND2IntF [5' CTM CTY ACA TGA CAR AAR YTA GC 3'] and HippoND2IntR [5' GCT GTY ATY CAK CCT ATR TGR 3']) for some samples that were difficult to amplify using the general-use primers Met-1 and Trp-2. The internal primers were used either in combination with Met-1 and Trp-2 in PCR reactions, or as sequencing primers used on PCR products generated with Met-1 and Trp-2. PCR thermal profiles for reactions using the internal primers were the same as those amplifying the entire ND2 gene, but extension times were shorter (40 sec). DNA sequences were aligned manually in Se-Al 2.0a11 (Rambaut 1996). Appropriate models of sequence evolution were chosen for the entire data set using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the set of 88 candidate models available in jmodeltest 1.0 (Posada 2008) using a fixed BIONJ-JC tree. Phylogenetic Analyses Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in BEAST v (Drummond & Rambaut 2007) on the complete character matrix. Four independent MCMC runs were initiated with an UPGMA starting tree and employed a constant population size coalescent tree model. Each chain was run for generations, with parameters sampled every 2000 generations. An uncorrelated log-normal clock was used with a mean substitution rate of 1.0, to provide branch lengths relative to an arbitrary time scale. The same analysis was repeated on a reduced data set that included only the unique haplotypes. This analysis was identical to that above, except that chain length was generations, parameters were sampled every 1000 generations, and the analysis was performed using BEAST v Evidence of convergence among runs was sought by examining trends, distributions, and effective sample size (ESS) of parameters, including the likelihood, in

2 Tracer v1.5 (Rambaut & Drummond 2007). Topology and branch lengths were summarized on maximum clade credibility trees using median heights. The final DNA sequence alignment is 1552 nucleotides long, with 415 terminal taxa and includes 764 variable characters, 706 of which are parsimony informative. The BIC favored the general time reversible model of sequence evolution with a proportion of invariant sites and gamma distributed rate variation (GTR + I + Γ). When we included all terminals in phylogenetic analyses, independent MCMC runs appeared to converge within the first generations. However because of difficulties summarizing over this large remaining sample of trees, we reduced the frequency of sampling to every 4000 generations and discarded the first 50% of each run. The combined posterior distribution thus contained trees and effective sample sizes (ESS) were > 400 for all parameters. In the analysis of the reduced data set (245 unique haplotypes), independent MCMC analyses appeared to converge within the first generations, and these were discarded from each run as burn-in. The combined posterior distribution thus contained trees and ESS were > 800 for all parameters. Recording Echolocation Calls Individual calls were recorded from adult bats held ca. 30 cm from the microphone using a direct data acquisition system (Ultrasound Gate 116, Avisoft Bioacoustics). The frequency of maximum energy (peak frequency) was determined from power spectra generated using Avisoft SASLab Pro software and was recorded from the first three calls that did not display signs of overloading. Power spectra were calculated from spectrograms created with a fast Fourier transform length of 512, bandwidth of 2754 Hz, resolution of 732 Hz, 50% temporal resolution overlap, and a sampling rate of 375 khz. Supplementary References: Drummond, A. J., & Rambaut, A BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol. Biol. 7, 214. Esselstyn, J. A., Garcia, H. J. D., Saulog, M. G. & Heaney, L. R A new species of Desmalopex (Pteropodidae) from the Philippines, with a phylogenetic analysis of the Pteropodini. J. Mammal. 89, Irwin, D. M., Kocher, T. D. & Wilson, A. C Evolution of the cytochrome-b gene of mammals. J. Mol. Evol. 32, Olson, L. E., Goodman, S. M. & Yoder, A. D Illumination of cryptic species boundaries in long-tailed shrew tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae: Microgale), with new insights into geographic variation and distributional constraints. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 83, Posada, D jmodeltest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, Rambaut, A Se-Al: sequence alignment editor. Available at Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A. J Tracer v1.4. Available at

3 Figure S1. Bivariate plot of the error and standard deviation in GMYC estimates of species diversity on simulated gene trees. Results from single- (ST) and multiplethreshold (MT) analyses are distinguished. Figure S2. Exemplar coalescent trees simulated within pure birth species trees where all species have equal effective population sizes (N e ). Nine trees are shown, each simulated with a different combination of N e (10 4, 10 5, and 10 6 ) and per-lineage birth rate (BR: 0.1, 1, and 10 per million years [MY]). GMYC species delimitation was tested on coalescent trees simulated under these and other conditions. Vertical gray bars indicate the transition from a Yule to a coalescent branching rate, as estimated in the R package SPLITS. The integer near the root of each tree indicates the maximum likelihood number of species estimated by the GMYC method. The true species diversity in each case is 20. Figure S3. The uncollapsed, maximum clade credibility phylogeny (branch lengths summarized as medians) of Philippine Hipposideros, presented for qualitative comparison with tree shapes in figure S2.

4 Standard Deviation Model MT ST Error

5 (a) Ne = 10K, BR = 0.1/MY (b) Ne = 10K, BR = 1/MY (c) Ne = 10K, BR = 10/MY (d) Ne = 100K, BR = 0.1/MY (e) Ne = 100K, BR = 1/MY (f) Ne = 100K, BR = 10/MY (g) Ne = 1000K, BR = 0.1/MY (h) Ne = 1000K, BR = 1/MY (i) Ne = 1000K, BR = 10/MY

6 0.03

7 Table S1. Median peak frequencies of echolocation calls of Philippine Hipposideros. Species Island Province Frequency (khz) ± SD (N) H. ater Bohol Bohol (1) Luzon Camarines Sur ± 4.84 (6) H. bicolor Bohol Bohol ± 2.76 (2) Luzon Quezon (1) Luzon Camarines Sur (1) H. coronatus Bohol Bohol (1) H. diadema Bohol Bohol 69.5 ± 1.02 (12) Luzon Quezon 69.5 (1) H. obscurus Bohol Bohol ± 1.85 (14) Luzon Laguna (1) Luzon Quezon ± 1.06 (2) Luzon Camarines Sur (1) H. pygmaeus Bohol Bohol 93.0 ± 1.35 (13)

8 Appendix S1. Voucher specimens used in this resarch. Genus Species Voucher Country Island/State Cyt b NADH2 Peak frequency Rhinolophus virgo KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Rhinolophus virgo KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Fuga JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Fuga JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Fuga JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE

9 Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater ROM Indonesia Java JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater TTU Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros bicolor UNIMAS-TK Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros cervinus TTU Malaysia Pahang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros cineraceus TTU Malaysia Pahang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros coronatus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros coronatus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros coronatus KU Philippines Samar JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros coxi TTU Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP 491 Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP 494 Malaysia Pahang JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Siquijor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE

10 Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU PNG East New Britain JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU PNG Simbu JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU PNG Gulf JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE

11 Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Calayan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Lubang JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Negros JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindoro JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindoro JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE

12 Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Palawan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Dinagat JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Camiguin JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Camiguin JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Samar JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Samar JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP MM1P Malaysia Perak JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP MM2P Malaysia Perak JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP MM3P Malaysia Perak JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema DWNP MM4P Malaysia Perak JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema NK Indonesia Sulawesi JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM Malaysia Johor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM Malaysia Johor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM Malaysia Johor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM Malaysia Johor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM Malaysia Johor JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM-CMF Laos Champassak JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema ROM-CMF Laos Champassak JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema THK 3001 Malaysia Pahang JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema THK 3848 Malaysia Pahang JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema UM Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros diadema USNM Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros dyacorum TTU Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros galeritus TTU Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros larvatus TTU Malaysia Borneo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros lekaguli FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus CMC M1800 Philippines Mindanao JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Sibuyan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Sibuyan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Sibuyan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Sibuyan JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE

13 Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Panay JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Mindoro JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Mindoro JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE

14 Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Tablas JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Samar JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Samar JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Samar JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Samar JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Samar JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus KU Philippines Leyte JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus USNM Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus USNM Philippines Catanduanes JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus USNM Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Luzon JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Polillo JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus KU Philippines Samar JQ FALSE FALSE Hipposideros cervinus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros cervinus FMNH Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros lekaguli KU Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros lekaguli KU Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros lekaguli KU Philippines Negros JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 1 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 10 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 11 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 12 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 13 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 14 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 15 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros coronatus MSU 16 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros sp. MSU 17 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 2 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 3 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 4 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 5 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE

15 Hipposideros obscurus MSU 6 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus MSU 7 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros coronatus MSU 8 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros obscurus MSU 9 Philippines Mindanao JQ JQ FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon FALSE FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon FALSE FALSE Hipposideros ater FMNH Philippines Luzon FALSE FALSE Hipposideros bicolor FMNH Philippines Luzon FALSE FALSE Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 68.8 Hipposideros diadema FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 70.3 Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE Hipposideros obscurus FMNH Philippines Luzon FALSE FALSE Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 92.2 Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 93.7 Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 95.2 Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 94.4 Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 93.0 Hipposideros pygmaeus FMNH Philippines Bohol FALSE FALSE 93.0 Museum Acronyms: FMNH Field Museum of Natural History KU University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute CMC Cincinnati Museum Center ROM Royal Ontario Musuem TTU Museum of Texas Tech University UNIMAS-TK Natural History Museum at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak NK Museum of Southwestern Biology MSU Mindanao State University USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History THK Thomas H. Kunz field number, Boston University DWNP Department of Wildlife and Parks, Malaysia UM Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia