Mobile Communication GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and beyond

Transcription

1 Mobile Communication GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and beyond Ralf Keller Ericsson Research, Corporate Unit Ericsson Eurolab Deutschland GmbH 1

2 Overview Services GSM GPRS & EDGE UMTS Beyond 2

3 Services 3

4 Personal and Secure Services Mobile Messaging Voic SMS/EMS + MMS Instant Message Mobile -WWW (Browsing/streaming) Information (news, sport, etc) Entertainment (Music, Games ) Location Services Mobile Commerce (Transactions) Banking Trading Ticketing Shopping UMTS GSM / EDGE / GPRS / HSCSD 4

5 GSM Global System for Mobile communication 5

6 GSM Evolution GSM P1 GSM P2 G2+ GPRS EDGE P1 EDGE P2 Basic CS domain: voice fax SMS data (9.6 kbps) Suppl Services: call waiting conf call Interw. with GSM 1800 GSM kbps HSCSD 57.6 kbps PS domain data 160 kbps 8PSK data 384 kbps EGPRS ECSD Voice over PS-domain all-ip 6

7 Key Terms LA-6 Location Area Roaming BSC-3 International Roaming LA-5 MSC Location Updating Paging Handover LA-1 LA-2 BSC-1 BSC-2 LA-3 LA-4 7

8 GSM900 Air Interface (TDMA) uplink frequencies 890 MHz F1-u TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 Time TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 915 MHz F124-u TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 downlink frequencies 935 MHz 960 MHz F1-d Frequency F124-d TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5TS6 TS7 8

9 GSM Frequency Bands GSM 900 egsm GSM 1800 GSM 1900 Uplink MHz MHz MHz MHz Downlink carrier separation 200 khz carrier pairs

10 Frequency Planning in GSM Cells Multiple Reuse Pattern Frequency Hopping Micro cell usage for further capacity increase Half rate calls for further capacity increase 10

11 GSM Network OSS BTS A-bis BSC BSS BTAP TRC A-ter BSSAP SC SMS-IWMSC SMS-GMSC A-IF MAP MAP MAP HLR MAP MAP EIR FNR MAP AUC CCN ILR ISUP GMSC SS PSTN BTS BSC BSS BSSAP A-IF MAP MSC/VLR ISUP CAP ISUP MSC/VLR Tigris PLMN A-bis SSP CAP SCP SDP MIN IP network 11

12 Most Important Traffic Cases Location Update with or without registration in HLR SMS-Mobile Terminating call SMS-Mobile Originating call Mobile Originating call Mobile Terminating call Handover (intra BSC, inter BSC, intra MSC, inter MSC) 12

13 SMS MT (Forw MT SM) SC SMS-GMSC HLR MSC Forward MT SM RR connection est Service request Authentication Ciphering mode set Data link est. Short message transfer RR connection rel Forward MT SM Send routing info for SM Result Forward SM 13

14 SMS MT (RR conn est) PCH MS BTS BSC MSC HLR Paging Paging Command Paging Request Forward MT SM RR connection est RACH Channel Request Channel Request cause, ref number Service request Channel Activation SDCCH #, MS-power Authentication Ciphering mode set Data link est. AGCH Immediate Assignment Channel Act Ack Imm Assignment Cmd Short message transfer SDCCH # RR connection rel 14

15 SMS MT (Data link est) MS BTS BSC MSC HLR Forward MT SM xyx SABM (SAPI=3) Est Req (SAPI=3) CP-Data(RP-Data) RR connection est Service request UA (SAPI=3) Est Conf (SAPI=3) Authentication Ciphering mode set Data link est. Short message transfer RR connection rel 15

16 SMS MT (SM transfer) MS BTS BSC MSC Forward MT SM xyx CP-Data(RP-Data) CP-Data (RP-Data) DTAP SMS- GMSC SC RR connection est Service request Authentication Ciphering mode set Data link est. CP-Ack CP-Ack(RP-Ack) CP-Ack CP-Ack(RP-Ack) CP-Ack CP-Ack(RP-Ack) RP-Ack Short message transfer RP-Ack RR connection rel 16

17 GSM Enhancements: GPRS and EDGE GPRS = General Packet Radio System EDGE = Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution 17

18 Why GPRS?? Packet-oriented services over circuit-switched bearers is often not resource-efficient New Services become possible Always Connected, Always On-line 18

19 GSM Enhancements GPRS BTS BSC BSS SC SMS-IWMSC SMS-GMSC BSSGP Gb -If MAP MAP MAP FNR HLR MAP MAP AUC MAP EIR CCN MAP CAP GTP SGSN ILR MAP GGSN PS-domain IP-network A-bis BSSAP A-If Gs-If MSC/VLR ISUP MSC/VLR CS-domain BSS 19

20 GSM Enhancements EDGE BTS A BSC A MSC/VLR Gr (MAP) HLR SOG Gb Gs SGSN GGSN Gi (IP) IP Network MS Gn Gn New HW New SW BGW Backbone Network IP Same core network and external interfaces Dimensioning and upgrades might be required 20

21 GSM Bit Rates Channel coding (error detection and correction) Interleaving Burst formation Modulation GMSK and 8PSK kb/s CS 57.6 kb/s HSCSD 115 kb/s GPRS 384 kb/s EDGE 21

22 Network Overview Abis BTS BSC A MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC Gd SMS-IWMSC (MAP) (MAP) HLR MS Gb Gs SGSN Gr (MAP) Gc GGSN Gi (IP) IP Network Gb Gb - - Interface Interface between between SGSN SGSN and and BSC BSC (Frame (Frame Relay) Relay) Gi Gi - - Reference Reference point point between between GPRS GPRS and and external external packet packet data data network network Gs Gs - - Interface Interface between between SGSN SGSN and and MSC MSC Gr Gr - - Home Home Location Location Register Register Gn Gn - - Interface Interface between between two two GSN GSN within within the the same same PLMN PLMN Gp Gp - - Interface Interface between between two two GSN GSN in in different different PLMN PLMN Gn Gn Backbone Network Gp (IP) PTM-SC Other PLMN 22

23 Gb Interface (BSS-SGSN) BTS BSC BSS BSS GPRS Protocol Network Service Frame Relay BSSGP NS FR E1/T1 BSC MS BSSGP NS FR E1/T1 SGSN Gb SGSN 23

24 Gs Interface (SGSN to MSC) BTS BSC MSC/VLR MS Gs SS7/BSSAP+ based Carries all all paging of of class A and and B terminals Combined attach/detach for for class A and and B terminals Combined routing/location area update SGSN 24

25 Gn and Gp Interfaces (SGSN to GGSN and SGSN to SGSN) SGSN Gn SGSN Gn GGSN Gp SGSN Other PLMN GGSN GTP protocol carries payload as as well well as as signalling (PDP context activation) SGSN to to SGSN transfer buffers in in case of of inter- SGSN routeing area update Gp Gpis is the the same as as Gn, Gn, but but inter-plmn 25

26 Gi Interface (GGSN to ISP/corporate network) IP Network Interfaces to to ISPs (and corporates) using standard IP-based protocols. Security functions Firewall (packet filtering) Authentication, integrity and and confidentiality (IPSEC, tunneling, key key exchange) Routing functions Static/dynamic routing supported GGSN Gi 26

27 PDP Context Activation How to Locate Correct GGSN BTS BSC ISP A MS DNS DNS GGSN (A) ISP B SGSN DNS Backbone GGSN (B) Corp. Network SGSN resolves an Access Point Name (APN) into the IP address for the GGSN connected to the target network 27

28 Fixed or Dynamic IP Address Allocation HLR ISP RADIUS BTS BSC SGSN Backbone GGSN MS Fixed: IP IP address stored in in the the HLR HLR Dynamic: A set set of of IP IP addresses are are allocated to to the the GGSN domain Dynamic: IP IP address can can be be allocated by by external RADIUS Corp. Network 28

29 Authentication in GPRS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) ISP HLR RADIUS server BTS PAP/CHAP BSC SGSN Backbone GGSN RADIUS client Accept / Reject MS RADIUS server is is used primarily for for authentication IP IP address allocation is is optional RADIUS server validates PAP/CHAP sent sent from from MS MS and and returns Access -Accept/-Reject 29

30 Transmission Plane in GPRS Application IP / X.25 IP / X.25 SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP LLC LLC UDP/ TCP UDP/ TCP RLC MAC RLC MAC BSSGP Frame Relay BSSGP Frame Relay IP L2 IP L2 GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1 MS BSS SGSN GGSN Um Gb Gn Gi 30

31 Interaction of GPRS services with CS connections Class A: A: Simultaneous usage of of Circuit- and Packet switched services (two TRX). Class B: B: Automatic choice of of service, Circuit- or or Packet switched, but but only one at at a time (one TRX). Suspension/resumption of of GPRS services at at setup/release of of CS CS connection. Class C: C: Manually selected use of of either Circuit- or or Packet switched service. Special case is is a packet only MS MS (one TRX). 31

32 GPRS High-Level Functions Network Access Control Functions Packet Routing and Transfer Mobility Management Logical Link Management Radio Resource Management Network Management 32

33 Packet Routing and Transfer Routing Address Translation Encapsulation and Tunneling Compression Ciphering 33

34 Mobility Management Attach Detach Location Management procedures Cell Update Routing Area Update Security functions 34

35 Mobility Management State Diagram IDLE Periodic Supervision Timer Expiration or Cancel Location GPRS Attach READY READY Timer Expiration or Force to STANDBY or Abnormal RLC condition STANDBY GPRS Detach or Cancel Location PDU Reception 35

36 EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution - 36

37 EDGE Modulation Principle Currently: GMSK Modulation Q EDGE: 8PSK Modulation (0,1,0) Q 1 I (0,0,0) (0,1,1) I 0 (0,0,1) (1,1,1) (1,0,1) (1,1,0) (1,0,0) 1 bit per symbol 3 bits per symbol 37

38 Comparison of Data Rates GPRS EGPRS CS4 = 20.0 kbps CS3 = 14.4 kbps CS2 = 12.0 kbps CS1 = 8.0 kbps 8PSK modulated Note: Both GMSK modulated but not the same! MCS9 = 59.2 kbps MCS8 = 54.4 kbps MCS7 = 44.8 kbps MCS6 = 29.6 kbps MCS5 = 22.4 kbps MCS4 = 16.8 kbps MCS3 = 14.8 kbps MCS2 = 11.2 kbps MCS1 = 8.4 kbps 38

39 EDGE Link Adaptation Data rates With EDGE Standard GSM Good Bad Signal quality 39

40 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UMTS 40

41 Standardization Bodies 41

42 3G Systems CDMA technique IMT-2000 UMTS (WCDMA) Cdma2000 Two modes: FDD or TDD Europe - 3GPP (South Korea, Japan, USA) CDMA technique USA, South Korea 3GPP2 EDGE TDMA technique USA (Europe) TIA (ETSI) 42

43 UMTS Spectrum Division Europe Frequency Division Duplex; 2x60 MHz UTRA Paired Band: WCDMA Uplink: MHz Downlink: MHz TDD FDD MSS TDD FDD MSS f MHz Time Division Duplex UTRA Unpaired Band: TD-CDMA MHz and MHZ Mobile Satellite Service; 2x30 MHz Uplink: MHz Downlink: MHz 43

44 UMTS/GSM Reference model UE AN CN SIM SIM USIM USIM USIM USIM MT MT ME ME ME ME BTS BS BS UTRAN BSS RNS RNS BSC RNC Iur RNC A Iu Iu Gb MSC MSC MSC MSC EIR EIR SGSN SGSN SGSN SGSN SCF SCF HLR HLR SMS- SMS- GMSC GMSC SMS- SMS- IWMSC IWMSC GMSC GMSC AUC AUC GGSN GGSN Note: Not all interfaces shown and named External Networks ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: -Intranet -Extranet -Internet 44

45 WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access High data rates in 5 MHz 384 kbps with wide-area coverage 2 Mbps with local coverage High service flexibility support for services with variable rate support for simultaneous services support of multiple parallel variable-rate services on one connection packet and circuit switched services Fast and efficient packet access Higher capacity 45

46 WCDMA Technical characteristics 5 MHz carriers Frequency Division Duplex, FDD 3.84 Mcps chip rate Variable spreading codes Optimised packet access on common or dedicated channel High spectrum effiency f P MHz t 10 ms frame 46

47 Why Spread Spectrum? Frequency selective fading - Frequency Diversity Interference Averaging Channel Quality Channel Quality f f 47

48 Bit-rate Flexibility WCDMA variability principle: Power is the common shared physical resource Bit rate Power level Spreading factor Varying user bit rate Translates into Varying power level Varying spreading factor 48

49 Power Control What? The Transmitter adapts the output power according to Path Loss Why? Mainly to solve the Near-Far problem Goal is that all users should experience the same SIR How? Open Loop Power control (Initially, No signaling) Inner Loop Power control (Signaling channel, continuously: 1500 times/s, relative changes: up or down) Outer loop Power control (Between BTS and RNC) 49

50 Uplink Power Control in Soft Handover BS1 BS2 P MS UP/DOWN Command UP/DOWN Command Outer loop: Down + Down Down + Up Up + Up Ul Eb/No target FER/ BER Adjust target QoS target Decrease power Increase power 50

51 Technical Vision Vertical vs Horizontal Integration Today s Solutions Services Future Solutions Services/Applications PLMN PSTN/ISDN Data/IP Networks CATV PLMN PSTN/ISDN Data/IP Networks CATV Connectivity Access Transport & Switching Networks 51

52 Connectivity Layer Services/ application layer Application Servers Service Capability Servers Application Servers MSC SGSN HLR/AuC/FNR GMSC/Transit Server Server Server SGW Control PSTN/ ISDN GSM EDGE MGW WCDMA Connectivity MGW Internet Intranets 52 Control User data

53 And beyond? 53

54 The future Telecommunication Environment is Multi-Access Always Best Connected to Common Personal and Secure Services Mobile Nomadic Digital Broadcasting Fixed Wireless Fixed PAN 54

55 Capabilities of IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond Mobility Systems Beyond IMT-2000 will encompass the capabilities of previous systems New Capabilities Of Systems Beyond IMT-2000 High IMT-2000 Enhanced IMT-2000 New Mobile Access Dashed line indicates that the exact data rates associated with Systems Beyond are Enhancement not yet determined. Low New Nomadic / Local Area Wireless Access Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s) KEY: denotes interconnection between systems via networks or the like, which allows flexible use in any environments without making users aware of constituent systems. Nomadic / Local Area Access Systems Digital Broadcast Systems 55

56 Questions? 56