Mobile Data Transfer

Transcription

1 Mobile Data Transfer -Access Technologies for 3G Services- Bonn, April 8, 2003 Presented by: Vice President Training Telecommunication Networks Klingenhofstrasse 58, Nuremberg / Germany About TOP WBTs:,, TCP/IP,, ATM, VoIP Training Information Technology Training Telecomms Networks Consultancy Mobile & Fixed Networks Training & Consultancy Org & Mngmt Development Training Proj Mngmt Indiv Skills Training & Consultancy TQM ISO / TL9000! Since 1994, independent training institute, privately owned! Training centers: Nuremberg, Hamburg, Neuss, Neu-Ulm! Total Staff in 2003: 65! Total Sales in 2002: EUR 77m! DIN EN ISO 9001 certification since 1993! ETSI, 3GPP, EFQM member 2 1

2 Possible Mobile Data Technologies DECT IrDA SatCom EDGE 3 Presentation Contents 4 2

3 Throughput Capability 10 M throughput bps 1 M 100 k 64 k 10 k 1 k circuit 576 packet <1Mbps ~53kbps <2Mbps IEEE80211b <11Mbps Time frame 5 Still Alive: Data Services Value Added Services 96kbps Supplementary Services Tele-Services Bearer-Services OSI Layer 1-3 3

4 Transparent / Non-transparent Mode Transparent Mode Forward Error Correction by Data Terminal Equipment requires constant data rate Non-transparent Mode RLP by MS and IWF Enables flexible bit rates BSS MSC/IWF PSTN Non-Transparent: RLP error handling Transparent: Terminal Protocol handles corrections 7 Standard Channel Coding bits / 20 ms Block Code /2 Rate Convolutional Code Puncturing kbps (96 net) 228 kbps 8 4

5 CS Data Applications 0396kbps Circuit-switched Expensive (time-based billing) browsing (headlines, low content) M2M (Machine-to-Machine communications) Vending machine control Traffic flow measurements 9 A First Step Forward: TS Bundling With High-Speed CS Data 3+1 TCH BSC 3+1 TCH 5

6 Key Features (1) Smooth integration into infrastructure by SW updates Net bit rate per TS boost from 96 to 144 kbps by improved channel coding bits / 20 ms Block Code kbps (144 net) 1/2 Rate Convolutional Code Puncturing kbps 11 Key Features (2) TCH bundling: 14, different for UL and DL Higher net bit rate but less resistant against interference Handover problems at cell borders Adaptive Link Adaptation: Selects either standard or improved channel coding according to transmission quality (BER) for optimized data transmission No QoS levels TCH 96 kbps Input 144 kbps Input

7 System Architecture Max BTS BSC TRAU MSC PSTN ISDN PDN 4 TCH IWF Split & combine function located in IWF of MSC and MS IWF /MSC: Mapping of 4 TCH at 64kbps each to 1 TCH at 64kbps towards PSTN MS: 3 TS offset between TX and RX TS for adjacent cell monitoring Max no of 4 TCH (with 2nd RX) 13 Applications retrieval with low volume attachments Data download from host PC Web surfing Still time-based billing Available at: Few roaming possibilities 14 7

8 From CS To PS Data: General Packet Radio Service Packet Data Network Packet Data Network network Packet Data Network Packet Data Network The Idea Load Capacity used for delayed traffic Necessary Capacity Load Time Load Load 16 8

9 As A Part Of The Packet World Network Network A Router (IP) Network B Terminals Types Type A - attached AND attached simultaneous voice and packet data two radio chains required Class B Class A Class C Type B - attached AND attached alternate voice and packet data required for mass market applications complex implementation Type C - attached OR attached manually switched simple to implement 18 9

10 MS Classes For Multislot Capabilities Multislot class class max no of TS RX TX class1 class2 class3 class4 class8 class17 class Limitation in Phase1 19 Services Point -to-point Services PTP Connection-Less Network Services (PTP-CLNS) using IP PTP Connection-Oriented Network Services (PTP-CONS) using X25 Point-to-Multipoint Services Transmission of packets between a service requester and a receiver group currently located within a geographical area Both, the receiver group and the geographical area are specified by the service requester PTM-M : PTM Multicast PTM-G : PTM Group Call A IP-M : IP Multicast B 20 10

11 QoS Parameter Quality of Service (QoS) profile defines the quality of service expected in terms the following attributes: precedence class delay class reliability class peak throughput class mean throughput class 21 Network Architecture A MSC A GMSC TC VLR SSS SMS-C HLR A-ter AuC BSS Gs BSC PCU Gr Gd EIR Gf Gb A-bis SGSN Gn GGSN FW Gi BTS A-bis Gn BG Gp BTS Um Backbone DNS CG Ga Core GGSN PSTN ISDN INTERNET INTER-PLMN Backbone BC 22 11

12 The Wor l d Robi nson Pr oj ect i on B r u c e J o n e s D e s i g n I n c Serving Support Node (SGSN) Tasks Converts protocols used in the IP backbone to protocols used in the BSS and the MS Takes care of authentication and mobility management Routes data to the relevant GGSN when connection to an external network is required Collects charging data and traffic statistics Ciphers the Packet Data Unit (PDU) Routing Table 23 Gateway Support Node (GGSN) Tasks Acts as the interface between the network and external networks Collects charging data and traffic statistics Allocates IP addresses for users Routes packets coming from external networks towards the correct SGSN and vice versa Address Mapping Routing Table 24 12

13 Packet Control Unit (PCU) BTS + CCU Packet Control Unit PCU SGSN Relay function BSC Abis synchronous RLC blocks TRAU frames management Radio part BSSGP Frame Relay Packet part Gb asynchronous 25 Additional Network Elements SGSN Intra- Backbone DNS DHCP NAT RADIUS other network Border Gateway 26 13

14 Domain Name Server (DNS) wwwtopbusinessagcom IP address Symbolic name DNS Server 27 Remote Access Dial In User Server (RADIUS) RADIUS Client RADIUS Client authentication allocation of IP address request authentication allocation of IP address RADIUS Server 28 14

15 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server ( DHCP) Request for IP address Allocation for a leased time DHCP Server 29 Border Gateway (BG) Transit Network Network A Network B Border Gateway! Routing! Address translation! Port translation! Fire-Wall functionality 30 15

16 Open Network Interfaces A MSC A GMSC TC VLR SSS SMS-C HLR A-ter AuC BSS Gs PCU Gr BSC Gd EIR Gf Gb A-bis SGSN Gn GGSN FW Gi BTS A-bis Gn BG Gp BTS Um Backbone DNS Ga GGSN CG Core BC!Gb: between SGSN and BSS PSTN (Frame ISDN Relay)!Gn: between GSNs ( Tunneling Protocol)!Gr: between SGSN and HLR (SS7-MAP) INTERNET!Gs: INTER-PLMN between SGSN and MSC Backbone (SS7-BSSAP+)!Gi: between GGSN and external data networks (IP or X25)!Gf: between SGSN and EIR (SS7-MAP)!Gd: between SGSN and GMSC /SMS-C (SS7-MAP)!Gp: between GSNs of different PLMNs ( Tunneling Protocol) 31 Air Interface: Timeslot Allocation 32 16

17 Channel Coding Four different channel coding schemes have been defined for : RLC/MAC block data Coding Scheme 1 (CS-1) Coding Scheme 2 (CS-2) Coding Scheme 3 (CS-3) Coding Scheme 4 (CS-4) Channel Coding Scheme Single TSL Data Rate 3 TSL Data Rate 8 TSL Data Rate 1 Packet=4 bursts CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 905 kbps 134 kbps 156 kbps 214 kbps 2715 kbps 402 kbps 468 kbps 642 kbps 720 kbps 1072 kbps 1248 kbps 1712kbps 33 Coding Scheme Throughputs Coding Scheme CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 Theoretical RLC/MAC User Throughput (kbps) User Throughput at Application layer in kbps (without retransmission) Effective User Throughput at Application layer in kbps (with retransmissions: BLER = 4%) Effective User Throughput at Application layer in kbps (with retransmissions: BLER = 10%)

18 Coding Scheme Areas 35 User Throughput vs C/I ratio User Data Throughput (kbps) C S C S - 2 C S - 3 C S C / I ( db ) 36 18

19 Global Multimedia Mobility: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Power Spectral Density (PSD) Narrowband Waveform Spread Waveform Noise Level Frequency Evolution from to R99 = (Speech) Services + (Data) Services BSS A Gb NSS Circuit Switched Networks (eg ISDN) Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRAN IWU IA Iu IWU IGb CN CN Packet Switched Networks (eg Internet) 38 19

20 Network Interfaces Um Abis Ater A AuC HLR EIR PSTN PSTN BTS BSC TC MSC VLR GMSC VLR Gb Iucs Gr SMSC Uu NODE B NODE B Iub RNC RNC Iur Iups Gs SGSN Gn Gf Gd GGSN Gn Ga Gn BC CG Gi Internet Internet LIG BG Gp PLMN PLMN 39 User Equipment (UE) + = UE ME USIM! ME Mobile Equipment! USIM Universal SIM! UE User Equipment 40 20

21 UTRAN Element Tasks Node B ( Base Station) Transmitter (TX) / Receiver (RX) functions Spreading and de-spreading Softer Handover arrangements Power Control Micro Diversity Encoding and decoding Uu interface channelization Iub signaling and switching ATM termination Radio Network Controller (RNC) Radio Resource Management (RRM) Radio Resource Control (RRC) Telecommunication Management RNC 41 Core Network Element Tasks -NSS / -CN / Additional Elements Connection Management (CM) Bearer Management (BM) Call Control (CC) Supplementary Service (SS) Short Message Service (SMS) Session Management (SM) Mobility Management (MM) Security issues Charging 42 21

22 IMT-2000 by ITU-R Approach IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces by ITU-R Source: Q, March 2001 IMT-DS Direct Spread IMT-TC Time Code IMT-MC Multi Carrier IMT-SC Single Carrier IMT-FT Frequency Time UTRA-FDD (WCDMA) (3GPP) Europe Japan Korea UTRA TDD (TD-CDMA) (3GPP) Europe Japan PR China cdma2000 (3GPP2) USA UWC-136 (EDGE) (UWCC/ETSI) USA DECT (ETSI) Europe 43 Terrestrial Radio Access Modes TD-CDMA (derived from )! Time Division Duplex (TDD) in unpaired band! High data rates up to 2 Mbps! Both symmetric and asymmetric traffic supported! Suitable for small cells (Pico Micro)! Does not require special wireless network functions W-CDMA (derived from IS-95)! Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in paired bands! Medium data rates up to 384 kbps (2Mbps with restrictions)! Suitable for larger cells! Requires extremly fast & precise power control and soft handovers 44 22

23 WCDMA FDD Mode Principle Code Frequency UL DL Time 45 WCDMA TDD Mode Principle Code UL DL Frequency Time 46 23

24 Spectrum Overview MHz IMT-2000 Mobile Satellite ITU IMT-2000 Mobile Satellite 1800 DECT PCS ( 1900) (4 x TDD) PHS (12 x FDD) PCS unlicensed IMT-2000 PCS ( 1900) (1 xtdd) SPA Mobile Satellite Mobile Satellite Mobile Satellite Europe Japan USA (12 x FDD) IMT-2000 Mobile Satellite Mobile Satellite Mobile Satellite 47 Frequency Allocation in Germany Frequencies for FDD Mode: Vodafone Group 3G e-plus Mobilcom O2 T-D f / MHz Frequencies for TDD Mode: Group 3G Mobilcom T-D1 Vodafone e-plus Source: RegTP, Aug 2000 f / MHz 48 24

25 WCDMA Radio Frame Structure Code Frequency TS 0 TS 1 ~6667 µs TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 TS 8 Frame = 10 ms TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 12 TS 13 TS 14 Time 49 Separation By WCDMA Codes Subscriber 1 $ 1 Subscriber 1 Subscriber 2 Code 1 1 Code 2 2 " Subscriber 2 $ "

26 Direct Sequence Code Spreading (1) M 1 (t) M 2 (t) Baseband part Baseband part S 1 (t) S 2 (t) C 1 (t) C 2 (t) S 1 (t) C 1 (t) S 2 (t) C 2 (t) Modulator Air-Interface Demodulator Demodulator 1 0 S 1 (t) C 1 (t) C 1 (t) + S 2 (t) C 2 (t) C 1 (t) C 1 (t) C 2 (t) S 1 (t) C 1 (t) C 2 (t) + S 2 (t) C 2 (t) C 2 (t) 0 1 S 1 (t) Integrator Integrator S 2 (t) Baseband part Baseband part M 1 (t) M 2 (t) 51 Direct Sequence Code Spreading (2) Power Spectral Density (PSD) Narrow-band Waveform Noise Level Spread Waveform Frequency 52 26

27 Direct Sequence Code Spreading (3) Power 384 MHz 5 MHz f 53 Direct Sequence Code Spreading (4) Symbol User Data Spread Seq (Code 4,2) User Data x Code De-spread Seq (Code 4,2) De-spread Data 4 Signal After Integration ( 0-1 ) Chip

28 WCDMA Channelization & Scrambling Code Channelization & Spreading Code 2 Signaling Code 3 Scrambling Pseudorandom code Code 1 Speech / Data Signature / ID 55 Service Capabilities Operating Environment Rural Outdoor min 144 kbps (Terminal Speed (preferable: 384 up to 500 km/h) kbps) Real Time / Constant Delay Non Real Time / Variable Delay Peak Bit Rate BER / Max Transfer Delay Peak Bit Rate BER / Max Transfer Delay / ms min 144 kbps (preferable: 384 kbps) / 150 ms or more (Sub-) Urban outdoor (Terminal Speed up to 120 km/h) Indoor / Low Range Outdoor (Terminal speed up to 10 km/h) min 384 kbps (preferable: 512 kbps) 2 Mbps / ms / ms min 384 kbps (preferable: 512 kbps) 2 Mbps / 150 ms or more / 150 ms or more 56 28

29 Threat? IEEE The Ultimate 3G Threat IEEE80211 standard available since GHz ISM & 5GHz band Unlicensed! Access points and terminals now available at moderate costs In-house coverage for -like data services <11Mbps <54Mbps Today: isolated networks Tomorrow: interconnected? LAN 1 LAN

30 Ad-hoc Desktop AD HOC Network Tablet Laptop LAN created solely by wireless devices themselves, with no central controller or access point Each device communicates directly with other devices in the network 59 Infrastructure Device traffic is managed by access point Carrier-sense collision-avoidance protocol is used 60 30

31 Roaming State and location information must be moved along with the station Protocols to transfer this information are not defined in the standard Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) under development for roaming and multi-vendor interoperability 61 Current Implementations First focused on the US, now spreading globally PC cards <$100-, subscription fee <$15-/month Airwave wwwairwavecom Mobilestar wwwmobilestarcom 3000 Starbucks outlets Hotels in 27 US states 16 airport lounges Wayport Inc wwwwayportnet Surf And Sip Inc wwwsurfandsipcom 62 31

32 Key Characteristics 63 Security Issues Only low security mechanisms available: optional Service Set Identifier (SSID) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm with 40-bit / 104- bit secret key for authentication and encryption No management protocol for key distribution defined 8021x standard was developed specifically to address this issue Access point acts as authenticator using Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server 64 32

33 - Co-existence (1) Coverage / Availability : ruralcountry-wideregionalglobally : hot spots Data Rate : <2Mbps : <1154Mbps Commercial Availability: : year-end 2003 : year-end 2002 Pushes Demand Costs : high : low 65 Combined Future: R-5 Architecture IP-RAN Radio Access Server CRRM Server IPv6 Core Network SGSN Server HSS OSS & Policy Signaling & Data Transfer Interface Signaling Interface Service Enabling Platform Application Servers IP Multimedia & Messaging Control Plane / / EDGE EDGE TDMA TDMA / / EDGE EDGE WCDMA WCDMA 1XEV-DV 1XEV-DV xdsl xdsl BRAN BRAN RAN GW Broad band GW B-(R)AN SGSN Router IP Connectivity Layer IP / MPLS Backbone GGSN CPS MSS Netw Mngmt OMC Service Messaging Creation Servers Environment Media GW PSTN PSTN Internet Internet User & GW Plane 66 33

34 Short Range Connectivity: Key Features For voice and data transmission Global usage Low power consumption Based on open standards Very small size Very low cost Line-of-sight not necessary Displacement of IrDA Rival technology to DECT, HomeRF, IEEE Interference with IEE80211! 68 34

35 Topology 2 topology types: Piconet with a max of 8 devices Scatternet: up to 10 piconets can communicate with each other Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint Scatternet First device that establishes a communication acts as master and determines physical network parameter (eg, frequency hopping sequence, synchronization) 69 Radio Unit Spectrum: 2,402-2,480 MHz No of used frequencies: 79 Multiple Access: CDMA (FHSS) Frequency hopping rate: 1,600 sec -1 TX power: 0 dbm (optional range: dbm) RX sensitivity: -70 dbm Link range: 01 10m (with increased TX power: up to 100m) Authentication: SAFER+ Algorithm with128 bit key Ciphering key: 8128bits 70 35

36 Connection Types Synchronous Connection-oriented Link (SCO) P-t-P, for speech services 2 sub-sequent TS used in fixed intervals P-t-MP, for symmetric / asymmetric data links 64kbps Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL) 2 x 4326 kbps kbps 71 Profiles 72 36

37 Finally More info www topbusinessagcom wwwbusiness-interactivecom Thanks a lot for Your attention and further enjoy the conference!! 73 37