Atmospheric kinetic energy spectra from high-resolution GEM models
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1 Atmospheric kinetic energy spectra from high-resolution GEM models Bertrand Denis NWP Section Canadian Meteorological Centre Environment Canada SRNWP 2009 Bad Orb, Germany
2 Outline Introduction What we are looking for Methodology Results -3 and -5/3 spectral slopes Effective resolution Spin-up time Diurnal cycle Seasonal and Domain impacts Vertical velocity vs total KE vs Conclusions
3 Introduction From aircraft observations From Skamarock, MWR 2004
4 Methodology Spectral decomposition using 2D-DCT (Denis et al. 2002, MWR) Average between hpa Season averages : June-July-August 2006 : January-February-March 2007 Domains (1000x1000 km 2 ) over two Canadian regions West : British-Colombia East: Southern Ontario-Quebec CMC-RPN Models
5 Methodology Model description GEM = Global Environmental Model CMC multi-scale model Global constant resolution (regular lat-lon grid) (GEM-Global) Seasonal forecasts / Climate simulations (100 km) Medium-range EPS (100 km) Medium-range deterministic forecasts (33 km) Global variable resolution (stretched grid) North America climate simulations (55 km) Short-range deterministic forecasts (GEM-Regional 15 km) Limited-area (LAM) constant resolution lat-lon grid North America climate simulations (15-55 km) Short-range EPS (33 km) Short-range high-res. deterministic forecasts (GEM-LAM 2.5/1.0 km) Urban emergency response (250 m)
6 Methodology Model descriptions GEM characteristics ( version) 3D Semi-lag, fully implicit, two-time level (Crank-Nicholson) Arakawa-C horizontal grid 58 unstaggered levels / top 10 hpa (Laprise mass hybrid vertical coordinate) Time step : 7.5 min. 1 min. Horizontal Diffusion : implicit del 6 (0.02) implicit del 4 (0.2) Non-hydrostatic? : no yes, fully compress. Deep convection param. : Kain-Fritsch - none - Shallow convec. Param. : Kuo-transient Kuo-transient Grid scale condensation : Sundquist Kong & Yau micro. Assimilation : 3D-VAR IC from GEM-REG
7 Methodology Model domains GEM-REGIONAL 15 km West East Every 10 th grid point shown
8 Methodology Model domains 1000 km 1000 km 1000 km 1000 km West domain East domain
9 Methodology model runs set up 00 UTC 06 UTC 12 UTC 18 UTC 00 UTC 06 UTC 12 UTC Time 0 h 6 h 12 h 18 h 24 h 30 h 36 h Period of comparison 0 h 6 h 12 h 18 h 24 h Analysis
10 Results: -3 and -5/3 slopes k -3 Transition k -3 West - summer - 00 UTC k -5/3 k -5/3 Common scales (grid resolution x 2 x)
11 Results: effective resolution k -3 k -5/3 effective resolution ~105 km ( 7 x ) effective resolution ~17.5 ( 7 x )
12 Results: Spectra from WRF From Skamarock, MWR 2004
13 Results: spin-up 12Z
14 Results: spin-up 15Z
15 Results: diurnal cycle 18Z
16 Results: diurnal cycle 21Z
17 Results: diurnal cycle 00Z
18 Results: diurnal cycle 03Z
19 Results: diurnal cycle 06Z
20 Results: diurnal cycle 09Z
21 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 12Z
22 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 15Z
23 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 18Z
24 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 21Z
25 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 00Z
26 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 03Z
27 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 06Z
28 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 09Z
29 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 12Z
30 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 15Z
31 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 18Z
32 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 21Z
33 Results: diurnal cycle (bis) 00Z => Convection participates in the -5/3 slope as suggested by Lilly (1983)
34 Results: Domain and seasonal impacts 00Z LAM 2.5 km West domain East domain West domain East domain
35 Results: W component vs total KE LAM 2.5 km 00Z REG 15 km Total KE W component Total KE W component
36 Results: 2D-DCT vs 2D-DFT with detrending 2D-DCT 2D-DFT with detrending 2D-DFT detrending spuriuosly removes large-scale energy
37 Vertical motion (m/s) at model level δx No two-δx diffusion Usual (del-4) horizontal diffusion 2-δx
38 Conclusions -5/3 spectral dependency and transition Generated by the LAM 2.5 km, not by the REG 15 km Effective resolution LAM 2.5 km : ~17 km REG 15 km : ~105 km Spin-up time of LAM 2.5 km small scales ~ 3h Diurnal cycle Convectively driven (summer) Participates in the 5/3 slope as Lilly (1983) suggested Influence of the domain (geophysical forcing) No major impact during summer conditions West domain exhibits higher level of small-scale energy in winter Vertical velocity energy vs total KE LAM 2.5 km near to 3D turbulence at scales < 10 km REG 15 km never close to 3D turbulence
39
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