80 Points Marketing Checklist for Cleaning Businesses
|
|
|
- Alice Farmer
- 10 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 80 Points Marketing Checklist for Cleaning Businesses
2 Cleaning Business Marketing Checklist Establish your Marketing Message. Many people believe that marketing is just about advertising their product to potential customers but this is not the whole truth. In fact, much money is wasted when businesses fail to advertise an effective marketing message. Marketing is more complex and covers more grounds than just advertising. Marketing is really about adding value to your customers. All good business owners should start by considering the need of their customers and this may be the only difference between a successful business and one that is struggling. Before you spend another advertising dime, STOP! And consider if the aims of your business includes how you intent to add value to your customers. Creating customer value means that people are more likely to spend their money with you. I have put together a very useful and resourceful checklist to help you navigate through what your priorities should be, to save you time and of course potential loss of advertising investment. So before you think about sending out another advertising campaign, here is a list that will help you to maximise your marketing. In this Guide! General marketing checklist! Marketing Research! Website checklist! Website planner template! Marketing checklist! Online Marketing checklist! Mobile Marketing checklist! Social Media Marketing Checklist! Other areas 2
3 General Marketing Questions Who s in charge of your marketing? Do you need to update your skills? What s your have a Unique Selling Proposition? Marketing Research Who are your target markets? Write a description of your market? What is the estimate of your target market? Write down your 5 closest competitors? What does your 5 closest competitors? What are the prices of your competitors? What is your expected income on a monthly basis? How do you ensure that you stay on top of industry information? i.e. what s working now! What is your annual budget for your marketing? 3
4 How do you measure your marketing? Advertising Mix: Website Do you have a fully functional website? What is the domain name? Is the domain name memorable? Do you have a keyword analysis program in place? Is your website easy to navigate and is information easily accessible? Do you have a system to collect visitors address? Do you have a FAQ tab on your website? Can your potential clients tell you how they found you on your contact page? 4
5 Website Planner Template Home page Business Name Slogan Benefits of your business About Us Mission statements Vision History of Company Credentials Coverage What areas you cover Services and Pricing Outline services and Pricing Contact us Contact form Address of business Telephone number Address Other page FAQs Terms Testimonial Photo album Blog Videos 5
6 Marketing Do you have a system to collect addresses? What marketing solution are you using? Do you require any training in this area? How would you add value to your customers by ? How frequently will you send to your clients? Online Advertising Will you use paid per click? Do you have a Search Engine Optimisation? How about Local Search Engine Optimisation? Do you need further training in this area? 6
7 Mobile Marketing Is your website mobile compatible? Do you have a mobile compatible landing page? Do you utilise QR code on your marketing material? Do you run a SMS campaign? Social Media How will you use Twitter? o Twitter Username: How will you use Facebook? o Facebook page name Do you have a system in place to communicate with followers? Do you have the time to commit to consistent social media conversation? Do you have a constant profile across social media network? 7
8 Other areas Do you have a PR campaign in place? Do you have a system of driving reviews to your business? How about Local Search Engine Optimisation? About CleanTown.co.uk This checklist is courtesy of Clean Town cleaning business directory and cleaners recruitment platform. Clean Town directory platform enables cleaning business owners to Seamlessly Highlight the uniqueness of your Business- Attract qualified leads & Increase bookings. Clean Town employment platform is a cleaner s recruitment software for business owners, who struggle to address the problem of high cleaning staff turnover in their business. The software simplifies the entire recruitment process, all from a single dashboard. With just a few clicks, cleaners key skills are easily identified which ensures that the right applicants are shortlisted- first time. Because the platform is easy to use and the cleaners registration process tailored to cleaning jobs; Clean Town software will save you time, money and ultimately prevent the loss of clients. Copyright Disclaimer: All material in this book is, unless otherwise stated, the property of Starple Ltd. Copyright and other intellectual property laws protect these materials. Reproduction or retransmission of the materials, in whole or in part, in any manner, without the prior written consent of the copyright holder, is a violation of copyright law. Users may not distribute such copies to others, whether or not in electronic form, whether or not for a charge or other consideration, without prior written consent of the copyright holder of the materials. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure complete accuracy of this content, the publisher cannot accept any responsibility for any loss incurred as a result of any statement or implication made in this guide. 8
80 Point Business Marketing Checklist
80 Point Business Marketing Checklist No matter what the size of your business, marketing is what helps you take your product or service from inside your company and deliver it to potential clients/customers.
Business Information. IMPORTANT! Areas marked with an asterisk (*) are required. Business or organization name* Mailing Address* Street Address
Web Design Worksheet This form will take 30 to 45 minutes to complete and will insure you get the site you want and need for your business or organization. Take your time and fill it out completely it
IS YOUR BUSINESS OPTIMALLY EQUIPPED TO MAXIMIZE YOUR RETURN ON YOUR INVESTMENT?
IS YOUR BUSINESS OPTIMALLY EQUIPPED TO MAXIMIZE YOUR RETURN ON YOUR INVESTMENT? Whether your business is large or small, marketing is all the touch-points that connect you to your customers. Having a written
Our Five Step Guide To Successful Internet Marketing. Getting the best from your website: An introductory guide
Our Five Step Guide To Successful Internet Marketing Getting the best from your website: An introductory guide Step 1: Select your keywords carefully On one hand there is no point spending lots of time
How To Increase Business Leads Using LinkedIn
How To Increase Business Leads Using LinkedIn Are you looking for an easy and effective way to bring more traffic to your company website and generate more leads for your business? ParasolLeads, a division
PART 1 of 2 Local SEO Questionnaire
PART 1 of 2 Local SEO Questionnaire Fill everything out below ONLY after you have become our client and made your initial payment. We will then get started immediately. We are so excited about helping
Client Questionairre. Website Design Checklist
Client Questionairre Website Design Checklist Every website design project begins with a plan! We ve created this to help you define your requirements, preferences, and resources. When you put the plan
Dos and Don't s when setting up a small business website.
Free Report Dos and Don't s when setting up a small business website. In these current times of on line shopping - daily deals, and cheap imported products, small businesses have a lot to compete with.
Lead Generation Quickstart Guide
Lead Generation Quickstart Guide 1 2 Lead Generation Quickstart Guide Copyright 2014 Mooloop Ltd All Rights Reserved You re welcome to email, tweet, blog, and pass this ebook around. But please don t change
MARKETING KUNG FU: 25 Things. Every Marketing Department Needs. Use this checklist as a guide or as a starting point for your complete marketing plan.
MARKETING KUNG FU: 25 Things Every Marketing Department Needs Use this checklist as a guide or as a starting point for your complete marketing plan. 1 Your Business Plan How big is your market opportunity?
Vista Lead Generation Through Search Engine Marketing 2012
Vista Lead Generation Through Search Engine Marketing 2012 June 2012 SEM Overview Target Consumers Ready to Buy What is Search Engine Marketing? Search Engine Marketing, or SEM, is a form of Internet
Is your website generating leads for your business?
Is your website generating leads for your business? By Denis Finnegan Finn Media Ltd Sales Focused Digital Marketing Twitter: @finnmediamkt @denispfinnegan For event : #DEW Web: www.finnmedia.ie Facebook:
WEBSITE CONTENT FORM
Professionally Designed Templates A selection of professionally designed templates, which allow us to change the colour of the background, headers, footers and text - so we can totally customise your website
WEB DESIGN WORKSHEET
WEB DESIGN WORKSHEET The perfect website is the result of a collaborative effort between you and Xpertwebs. To help us in this effort, we have developed a worksheet that will help you clarify your thoughts.
TO THIS IS OUR TOWN. - Round 1 investment pack -
TO THIS IS OUR TOWN - Round 1 investment pack - THE OPPORTUNIty The rise of digital, mobile and social media is unprecedented, more people than ever before now use these mediums for their news and information
Web Strategy Assessment and Components
Topic The basics Tutorial 3 Web Strategy Assessment and Components Description This tutorial will help you assess your e- readiness level. It will also review the different components of a successful online
Marketing. Fire Up Your. Work with WDL s expert team for three months and discover how developing your digital marketing will benefit your business.
Fire Up Your Marketing Work with WDL s expert team for three months and discover how developing your digital marketing will benefit your business. www.websitedesign.co.uk [email protected] 01206
WEB DESIGN & SEO PLANNING WORKSHEET
Company: Contact: Address: Email: State: City: Zip: Phone: Domain Name: Domain Registrar: Host Server: Host Directory: Username: Password: Before ABS Technologies can construct or build your website, we
Website Design Worksheet Form
Website Design Worksheet Form COMPANY INFORMATION Company: Date: Contact Name: e-mail: Address: City: St: Zip: Work Phone: Fax: Cell Phone: Category: Small Business Large Business Public Interest Non-Profit
Online Marketing Training
Online Marketing Training Level: 1 Duration: 3 Days Time: 9:30 AM - 4:30 PM Cost: 697 Overview Online Marketing is all about ensuring your business, product or service is maximising the potential of the
Checklist: Are you ready for ecommerce?
ORGANIZATION 1. Please provide your e-mail address so we can mail your results: 2. ebusiness Plan in Place? An e-business plan is much the same as any business plan where the business concept, its financials,
Social Media, How To Guide for American Express Merchants
Social Media, How To Guide for American Express Merchants americanexpress.com.au/merchant How to use Social Media successfully for small independent businesses 1 Contents Introduction - Page 3 1. What
Google Analytics. Google Analytics Glossary of terms
Google Analytics Google Analytics is a service offered by Google that generates detailed statistics about a website's traffic and traffic sources and measures set goals. Google Analytics isn't a magical
Local Seo With Google Plus
Local Seo With Google Plus PageTraffic Web Tech Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. GET NEW CUSTOMERS EVERYDAY! TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 CLAIM GOOGLE+ LOCAL LISTING... 2 OPTIMIZING WITH LOCATION-ORIENTED
Top 10 Tips for Online Success
Top 10 Tips for Online Success Contents: Welcome:... 3 Tip1 The Why and the What:... 3 Tip2 The Who... 4 Tip 3 The How... 4 Tip 4 Get your domain name sorted... 5 Tip5 Choosing the right supplier... 6
6 Steps to Marketing. yourself as a contractor. a 6 step guide to marketing your services to agencies and end clients...
6 Steps to Marketing yourself as a contractor. a 6 step guide to marketing your services to agencies and end clients... Freestyle Contractor - the complete contracting solution! In these difficult economic
THE EVENT PLANNER S COOKBOOK PROVIDING EVENT PLANNERS WITH THE RECIPE FOR SUCCESS
THE EVENT PLANNER S COOKBOOK PROVIDING EVENT PLANNERS WITH THE RECIPE FOR SUCCESS THE EVENT PLANNER S COOKBOOK HAS BEEN CREATED TO HELP EVENT ORGANISERS BUILD STRONGER FOUNDATIONS FOR THEIR EVENTS. THE
Your App website SEO & copy!
Your App website SEO & copy! Information on how to advertise your APP online >>> www.myfirmsapp.co.uk ios & Android compatible Your App website SEO and copy Note to client about On-page SEO With your marketing
Fully Qualified Marketing Company
Fully Qualified Marketing Company Helping our clients succeed online Visit www.finnmedia.ie for free advice & details Digital Marketing Strategy What is it? Digital strategy is about adapting your organisation
Graphic Design Programming Web Site Design SEO SEM BOTH. email Marketing. Referred by: (Online, Person, DN Show, Referral, Marketing) Name:
1435 W. SR. 434 Longwood, FL 32750 407.478.6600 www.taylorworks.net Web Development Worksheet 1. Client Information Today s Date: / / Services Requested: Graphic Design Programming Web Site Design SEO
Moonfruit. 2. Getting Started With Moonfruit You will begin the set up process through the email you will receive from Moonfruit.
Moonfruit 1. What is Moonfruit In 2010, 30.1 million adults in the UK (60 per cent) accessed the Internet every day or almost every day, highlighting the importance of having a web presence. Moonfruit
Agile&wired Web Development & Online Marketing Experts. Intelligent Inspired Integrated Digital Development and Digital Marketing
Agile&wired Web Development & Online Marketing Experts Intelligent Inspired Integrated Digital Development and Digital Marketing TRANSFORM your advertising and boost your business If you re in business,
Social Media and how Parks can benefit from it
Social Media and how Parks can benefit from it David Lakins [email protected] www.keymultimedia.co.uk/seminars Follow me: twitter.com/davidlakins About Key Multimedia Founded in 2007 Based in Poundbury,
Sample Website Brief. Sample Website Brief 1
Sample Website Brief Sample Website Brief 1 Sample Website Brief Many potential clients ask us for an example website brief. The following is a fictional example based on a non-profit organisation. It
10 ways Professional Service companies can increase their profits through marketing
10 ways Professional Service companies can increase their profits through marketing A Xander Marketing Guide T: 03302232770 E: [email protected] W: www.xandermarketing.com Introduction Traditionally
THE SECRETS TO ONLINE MARKETING (MOST AGENCIES WILL NEVER TELL YOU!) A Key Principles publication
10 THE S TO ONLINE MARKETING (MOST AGENCIES WILL NEVER TELL YOU!) A Key Principles publication 10 S THE TO ONLINE MARKETING (MOST AGENCIES WILL NEVER TELL YOU!) By Jackie Key, Managing Director, Key Principles
Everything You Need to Know About Digital Marketing
White Paper Everything You Need to Know About Digital Marketing A website must be supported with marketing and advertising if it is to become a true business channel Sam Saltis Copyright bwired 2009 Copyright
Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click Building Your Online Success
Search Engine Optimization and Pay Per Click Building Your Online Success Jennifer Shaheen The Technology & emarketing Therapist www.technologytherapy.com You Will Learn How consumers currently search
Marketing Online SEO Facebook Google Twitter YouTube
Marketing Online SEO Facebook Google Twitter YouTube What is Internet Marketing? Internet marketing is considered to be broad in scope[1] because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also
POSITIONING STATEMENT
www.click.co.uk [email protected] POSITIONING STATEMENT CLICK CONSULT LTD WILLOW HOUSE, HOOTON ROAD, HOOTON, CHESHIRE, CH66 7NZ www.click.co.uk 0845 205 0292 @clickconsultltd facebook.com/clickconsult
Digital marketing. #infographics to inspire your marketing and help planning. v2 Published: May 2012. Content Matrix added
Digital marketing #infographics to inspire your marketing and help planning v2 Published: May 2012 Content Matrix added About the Smart Insights marketing planning infographics We think useful infographics
Internet Marketing Institute Delhi Mobile No.: 9643815724 DIMI. Internet Marketing Institute Delhi (DIMI)
Internet Marketing Institute Delhi () LEARN INTERNET MARKETING To earn money at home and work with big entrepreneurs Batches Weekday Batches (60 hours) Morning Batches (60 hours) Evening Batches (60 hours)
Pay-Per-Click/Google Adwords Services
Pay-Per-Click/Google Adwords Services 1. Development of PPC Campaign and Optimisation Services. SIMPLE ID agrees to create, install, manage, develop and employ custom PPC Advertising tactics according
A REAL PASSION FOR MARKETING
A REAL PASSION FOR MARKETING Accelerating YOUR Clients Business Growth Through Online Marketing CONTACT ww w.luv4marketing.com info@ luv4marketing.com UK - +44 (0) 1949 833014 US - +1 (702) 439 0025 INDEX
Digital Marketing Capabilities
Digital Marketing Capabilities Version : 1.0 Date : 17-Apr-2015 Company Framework Focus on ROI 2 Introduction SPACECOS is a leading IT services and marketing solutions provider. We provide the winning
Guide to Digital Marketing for Business-To-Business (B2B)!
o2markit consulting ltd Guide to Digital Marketing for Business-To-Business (B2B) A brief guide aimed at small business or start-up executives who are not Marketing professionals but who need to understand
Lecture 7: Social Media Sharing, Google Analytics, Keyword Research & Meta-Tag Optimization, Facebook Fan Pages
Lecture 7: Social Media Sharing, Google Analytics, Keyword Research & Meta-Tag Optimization, Facebook Fan Pages Agenda Social Media Sharing Traffic Sources Google Analytics Meta-Tags Keyword Research with
Web Applications. Search Optimization. Social Media Digital Marketing. E-Commerce
Web Applications Search Optimization Social Media Digital Marketing E-Commerce Tel: (732) 238-2122 Mobile: (917) 577-4989 www.infowaysoftware.com [email protected] Scan QR Code using Smart Phones
PREPLY PRIVACY POLICY
PREPLY PRIVACY POLICY Effective Date: November 21, 2012. Welcome to Preply! This Privacy Policy discloses FindGuru, Inc. s ( Preply, we, us or our ) privacy practices and procedures in connection with
Managed Pay per Click Advertising Google Adwords
Managed Pay per Click Advertising Google Adwords Immediate, cost effective traffic building www.sensable.co.uk How Does Pay Per Click Work Pay per Click (PPC) is a way of bidding for search terms in the
Digital Media Technologies. Web & Social Media Marketing. Australian College of Information Technology Gold Cost Brisbane AUSTRALIA www.acit.edu.
Digital Media Technologies Certificate IV Program Web & Social Media Marketing Australian College of Information Technology Gold Cost Brisbane AUSTRALIA www.acit.edu.au overview Digital Media Technologies
HOW THE BEST RECRUITMENT AGENCIES SUCCEED ONLINE A STUDY OF HOW LEADING AGENCIES PROMOTE THEMSELVES ONLINE TO ATTRACT QUALITY CANDIDATES
HOW THE BEST RECRUITMENT AGENCIES SUCCEED ONLINE A STUDY OF HOW LEADING AGENCIES PROMOTE THEMSELVES ONLINE TO ATTRACT QUALITY CANDIDATES 1 MAKE MOBILE EASY With around 15% of visits now coming via mobile
www.store.belvg.com skype ID: store.belvg email: [email protected] US phone number: +1-424-253-0801
www.store.belvg.com skype ID: store.belvg email: [email protected] US phone number: +1-424-253-0801 1 Table of Contents User Guide Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Facebook Connect and Like Free... 3
Change of preference campaign Evaluation report
Change of preference campaign Evaluation report NOVEMBER 2011 JANUARY 2012 Prepared by: Sophie Bierbaum CASS Marketing and Communications Office February 2012 ANU College of Arts & Social Sciences EXECUTIVE
If you re not sure of an answer, please leave it blank. If a question does not apply to you please write not applicable.
PO Box 2680 Fitzroy DC, VIC 3121 Australia Level 1, Suite 4, 397 Smith Street Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia Website Design Brief Completing this website design brief will help us understand your organisation
How To Market Your Business Online
Social Media Marketing Today the question is not if Social Media Marketing is right for your business, the question is how to use it right! How the Internet Has Changed Marketing Old Marketing = Outbound
Copyright Notice. ISBN: N/A Parallels 660 SW 39th Street Suite 205 Renton, Washington 98057 USA Phone: +1 (425) 282 6400 Fax: +1 (425) 282 6444
Parallels Panel Copyright Notice ISBN: N/A Parallels 660 SW 39th Street Suite 205 Renton, Washington 98057 USA Phone: +1 (425) 282 6400 Fax: +1 (425) 282 6444 Copyright 1999-2009, Parallels, Inc. All rights
Findability Consulting Services
Findability Consulting Services In 2012, after twelve years of running the Findability Group, I was delighted to merge my firm with industry innovators Volume 9 Inc., who are now my exclusive referral
Social Media, Website Marketing & Sales Training. Clever internet marketing that grows
Social Media, Website Marketing & Sales Training Clever internet marketing that grows Social Media, Website Marketing & Sales Training First published 2013 Edited by Rebecca Harrison Designed by Nikki
http://firstsourcemoney.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/firstsourceholdings-seo-certificate.pdf Domain
SEO Search Engine Optimization ~ Certificate ~ The most advance & independent SEO from the only web design company who has achieved 1st position on google SA. Template version: 2nd of April 2015 For Client
Do It Yourself Wordpress SEO
Do It Yourself Wordpress SEO By Kursat Kahyaoglu www.createyouronlinebiz.com By Kursat Kahyaoglu www.createyouronlinebiz.com 1 Contents Introduction... 2 Step One - Do It Yourself SEO... 3 First Step --
Sales Performance Improvement
Sales Performance Improvement The CappcoPartners team manage and improve revenue generation processes by fine tuning the value proposition, implementing demand creation campaigns which drive quality leads
Presented by Rick Newberry, Ph.D.
Presented by Rick Newberry, Ph.D. [email protected] www.enrollmentcatalyst.com 2011 Enrollment Catalyst During this session, we will discuss best practices in recruitment strategies
KIA MARKETING DIGITAL ADVERTISING (PPC)
KIA MARKETING TM DIGITAL ADVERTISING (PPC) Having a great site is essential. But if you really want to get noticed by customers and search engines alike, you re going to want to pair your site with top-notch
INSIGHTS WHITEPAPER What Motivates People to Apply for an MBA? netnatives.com twitter.com/netnatives
INSIGHTS WHITEPAPER What Motivates People to Apply for an MBA? netnatives.com twitter.com/netnatives NET NATIVES HISTORY & SERVICES Welcome to our report on using data to analyse the behaviour of people
Small Business. Online Success. Google offers insights and tools to help your business grow.
Small Business. Online Success. Google offers insights and tools to help your business grow. Contents Introduction 5 The basics: Get online 6 Ready-made sites 6 Google Sites 7 The next step: Attract and
About 0 to 60 Marketing
About 0 to 60 Marketing Let the experts take your business from 0 to 60 in less than 90 days! Approach. Technology. Support. All Inclusive Founded in 2010 0 to 60 Marketing has helped numerous businesses
Business and Process Improvement Specialists. Ai Virtual Assistant Sourcing and Operational Delivery. Sales & Service Centre Efficiency & Performance
DELIVER GREAT SERVICE THAT COSTS LESS Business and Process Improvement Specialists Ai Virtual Assistant Sourcing and Operational Delivery Sales & Service Centre Efficiency & Performance Working in Partnership
The Best and Most Innovative Ways to Onboard Students Using Social Media. Holly Rich Higher Education Client Partner @ Net Natives
The Best and Most Innovative Ways to Onboard Students Using Social Media Holly Rich Higher Education Client Partner @ Net Natives Contents Why is it important? The Loyalty Loop Content Types Social Media
Marketing in the 21 st Century Syllabus
Marketing in the 21 st Century Syllabus Fall 2013 UCSB Extension Instructor: Amber Wallace Many factors affect marketing in the 21 st century, including changing technologies, globalization, deregulation,
Web Copywriting and Web News. Get seen first with matm
Web Copywriting and Web News Get seen first with matm Web Copywriting and Web News from matm If you want to attract more online customers and clients and become more successful, it is essential that the
Full Website Analysis
Full Website Analysis A Website Analysis tests over 200 indicators that search engines use to analyze your website before ranking it. Items such as hosting, website structure, index-ability, META information,
IT Support. 020 8269 6878 www.premierchoiceinternet.com [email protected]. 30 Day FREE Trial. Free Site Survey & Network Health Report
IT Support Premier Choice Internet has been providing reliable, proactive & affordable IT Support solutions to companies based throughout the UK since 2002. Our goal is to provide our customers with the
Presented by David Vane
Presented by David Vane Traditional Marketing for the SME? What are the problems? Identifying market? How to reach them? Knowledge of activities? Skill? Budget? Time? Online Marketing for the SME? Online
Fishbone Diagram Case Study How to Increase Website Traffic
Fishbone Diagram Case Study How to Increase Website Traffic Download this article and Presentation In this article I will explain in detail on how to draw a Fishbone diagram using a Case study. The Case
Digital Marketing Boot Camp 4 Days Residential Program Dubai Singapore Thailand
Digital Marketing Boot Camp 4 Days Residential Program Dubai Singapore Thailand Agenda About EduPristine About EduPristine Detailed Workshop Outlines Contact Information 1 About EduPristine Trusted by
Ignite Visibility Consulting. How to Blog. Prepared by John Lincoln. Copyright 2013 Ignite Visibility Page 1
Ignite Visibility Consulting How to Blog Prepared by John Lincoln Copyright 2013 Ignite Visibility Page 1 Introduction... 3 What is a Blog?... 3 Technical Checklist... 3 Important Promotional Notes...
www.superbikemag.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/superbike-seo-certificate Domain
SEO Search Engine Optimization ~ Certificate ~ The most advance & independent SEO from the only web design company who has achieved 1st position on google SA. Template version: 2nd of April 2015 For Client
Maria College Communications Policy
Maria College Communications Policy The Office of Maria College s Marketing and Communications (Maria Marcom) is responsible for telling the college s story and upholding its image and reputation, as expressed
