The Auckland Waterfront. Heritage Study

Transcription

1 The Auckland Waterfront Heritage Study PREPARED FOR Waterfront Auckland October 2011

2 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 HERITAGE STUDY 3 APPENDICES 19 1 Chronology 19 2 Bibliography 40 3 Maps and Plans 46 4 Auckland Waterfront Plans 50 - Maori Cultural Landscape - European Cultural Landscape Eastern Waterfront - European Cultural Landscape Central Business District - European Cultural Landscape Western Waterfront - Port Development 5 Historic Images 56

3 Introduction Waterfront Auckland (An Auckland Council Organisation) has commissioned Salmond Reed Architects (SRA) to undertake research as the foundation for a heritage trail within their administrative area. This area extends from Teal Park in the east to Point Erin Park in the west and is bounded by Tamaki Drive, The Strand, Parnell Rise, Beach Road, Customs Street, Fanshawe Street, Halsey Street, Victoria Street West, Beaumont Street, State Highway 1, Sarsfield Street and Curran Street, Herne Bay. (as illustrated below) A number of heritage walks have already been produced by the former Auckland City Council, including walks for Ponsonby, Downtown, Midtown, Uptown, Original Foreshore, Princes Street University Quarter. In addition, a University heritage trail was produced by the University of Auckland Business School. It is anticipated that this report will form the basis of a waterfront heritage trail publication in the same hand-held format used for the existing walks. The study sits within a broader framework established by the former Auckland City Council before the Supercity amalgamation of Its publication: The Historic Landscape, Guidelines to a New Approach, outlines a methodology based on emerging national and international best practice to consider a holistic landscape view of heritage, rather than the current segmented and discipline-based view of individual heritage resources, which groups them into categories such as geology, archaeological sites, sites of significance to Maori, trees, ecological sites and buildings and structures. It acknowledges that heritage is a succession of closely inter- related layers and the approach is a tool to identify, assess and manage heritage resources and the inter-relationship of these resources across a range of heritage disciplines. Following this policy approach Council devised a number of heritage themes or layers in the landscape: Linkages: restoring our natural connections Land and Water: forming and framing Ecotopes: representative and indigenous ecosystems Our Special Places: connecting our historic heritage Settlement of Auckland post 1840 Governance in Central Auckland Development and Growth of Central Auckland WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 1

4 which were researched, mapped and presented in the Heritage Themes Mapping Auckland Central Area document. This was used as a reference source for this study; a heritage walk touches many of the themes articulated. Methodology This waterfront study was undertaken in a number of stages. Background work consisted of a chronology of development distilled from a number of sources outlined in the bibliography, and from early maps and photographs. A list was compiled of all known heritage resources including the heritage schedules of the Auckland City Council District Plan, both the Central Area and Isthmus sections, since the Waterfront Auckland area straddles both of them. The schedules included geological features, archaeological sites, Maori heritage sites, ecological sites, trees and buildings and objects. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust register was also consulted for archaeological sites, wahi tapu, buildings and areas. In many cases heritage items are both Council scheduled and NZHPT registered. This list of known places was expanded and augmented with many additional sites which came to light during the background study. The study was undertaken in several parts; Assemble and review existing information including material from SRA archives, maps and historic photographs from Auckland City Library and other sources. List and map scheduled and registered sites, buildings and areas. Prepare a chronology of development and important events. Prepare a bibliography of references, maps, plans and aerial photographs (see Appendices). Each of the bays and headlands in the Waterfront Auckland area was considered in turn, like beads on a thread, starting with Teal Park and moving westward to Point Erin. Acknowledgements Salmond Reed Architects wishes to acknowledge the assistance of historian, Kate Hill, in compiling the chronology of development, the bibliography and maps and plans. Also acknowledged is the assistance of Waterfront Auckland in preparing the mapping work. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 2

5 Heritage Study Area TAMAKI MAKAU RAU The Auckland City topography is composed of an alternating sequence of bays divided by coastal headlands or points which were used by Maori as pa. The bays provided food and abundant cockles were to be found at Waiatarau / Waikokota (Freeman s Bay) with flounder and pipi at Horotiu (Commercial Bay). The Maori name for the Auckland isthmus was Tamaki makau rau, The Bride sought by a hundred suitors. The land was highly valued and many battles were fought for supremacy. It had many settlement sites, including the fortified volcanic cones, and supported one of the most concentrated Maori populations in New Zealand. It is estimated, for example, that Maungakiekie (One Tree Hill) housed over 3000 people. (Auckland s Historical Background, Auckland City Council November 1976) The Waitemata and Manukau harbours contained extensive shellfish beds and birds, while the fertile soils of the volcanic field cropped well. The harbours, with their various portages, were the centre of an extensive water-based transport network. Natural watercourses were found in the valleys that separated the north / south oriented ridges and these too provided food. The Waihorotiu stream which ran down Queen Street was observed by early settlers to contain eel and native trout. This stream which later became the Ligar canal, was bricked in from the 1880s and now lies beneath Queen Street. Auckland s volcanic origins provide a permeable substrate of scoria and rock and underlying aquifers which fed a number of springs which bubbled to the surface and became streams. These were used by Maori and later by the colonists for drinking water and to irrigate their crops and gardens. The spring from the Domain was used by the Low and Motions mill and Robertson s rope factory in Mechanics Bay. On their arrival in the 1840s, the colonists found that the pa sites had been vacated and that the area was mostly covered in fern scrub and manuka. This natural landscape is now hugely modified, the points cut down, the bays infilled to provide wharves, the streams piped underground and the fledgling city developed to become New Zealand s largest city. JUDGES BAY / TAURARUA Teal Park Mechanics Bay Mechanics Bay was the Flying Boat base from the late 1930s s. Pan American World Airways and Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL) flew to the Pacific Coral Route, USA, and Australia from here. Teal s solent class flying boats, introduced in 1949, were the last trans Tasman aircraft to fly from the bay. Teal Park and Solent Street take their names from the early aviation industry established here. Auckland Council NZHPT The Ports of Auckland Building (Sunderland Street)was formerly the engineering building for TEAL and was converted to offices WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 3

6 CAMPBELLS POINT Campbells Point was named after Sir John Logan Campbell. His house, Kilbryde, stood on the point until its demolition in The Parnell Rose Gardens and the Fred Ambler Lookout are located on what is left of that point. Trees along the former cliffline, including the cut back portion of the point, are included in a Cliffline Tree Amenity Area. This confers additional District Plan protection on trees, especially indigenous trees, including coastal pohutukawa. The point was cut down in the mid 1920s to enable Tamaki drive to be formed, Gladstone Road to connect with The Strand and the Britomart to Westfield railway line to be constructed. This was the last passenger line to be built in Auckland, providing an alternative access to Auckland and passenger services to the eastern suburbs. ST GEORGES BAY TE WAI O TAIKEHU Taikehu, ancestor for the ancient Ngai Tai tribe, arrived aboard the famed Tainui waka, naming a number of places in the region including the three peaks of Rangitoto, Nga Tuaira a Taikehu, the dorsal fins of Taikehu Initially named Coppers Bay after George Copper, the first Colonial Treasurer, then George s Bay and finally St George s Bay, St George s Bay Road originally ran into the bay and provided access to the water. Before reclamation of the bay in the early 1920s, boatsheds were found on the eastern (Campbells Point) side. The Strand Railway Overbridge, interwar reinforced concrete Former New Zealand Loan and Mercantile wool store, 124 The Strand, Parnell, corner St Georges Bay Road. Now the Saatchi and Saatchi Building. ST BARBAS POINT Originally named Point Dunlop after a British Naval Commander, it was later called St Barnabas Point after the Anglican Church constructed there in 1849 to the design of Frederick Thatcher. This church, originally intended for the Maori traders in Mechanics Bay, also served as a church for Parnell parishioners. However in 1877 when the point was cut back, it was moved by bullock wagon to the corner of Bellevue and Mt Eden Roads. MECHANICS BAY TE TOANGAROA The Maori name for this bay, Te Toangaroa, the dragging of waka a long distance refers to the long haul required to drag waka to the beach at Beach Road and float them, if the tide was missed at Mechanics Bay. Early settlers depended greatly on produce grown by Maori which was often transported some distance from the Hauraki and Waikato areas to Te Toangaroa where the Waka Reserve and Waipapa Hostel at the foot of Constitution Hill stood. This hostel, built by Ngati Whatua for Maori traders, provided a gathering space for them as they bought their goods to the Auckland market. In 1848 some 20,000 tons of apples, peaches, potatoes and wheat were delivered here. Cat B N / A WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 4

7 A Maori Heritage Site, Te Toangaroa, (Stanley Street / Churchill Street / Parnell Rise) is identified in the District Plan. Schedule Ref No 277 B In the early 1840s this bay was named after the workmen or mechanics employed by the Government to build Auckland s first houses. Auckland s first sawmills and industries such as JJ Craig, boatyards (Niccol and Sharp), the Union Sash and Door Company, Harkers Brickyard, Fraser and Tinnes Brickyards and James Robertson s Rope Walk (rope factory) 1843, established here. Low and Motions Flour mill was also here before shifting to Western Springs. The mill and rope walk used water from a spring in the Domain. Dilworth Terrace Houses, 1-8 Dilworth Terrace Parnell. Located along the top of the cliffline, these visually prominent terrace houses were built in the Queen Anne style in 1899 to the design of architect Thomas Mahoney, as in investment for the Dilworth Trust Board. Views of these houses from The Strand and Quay Street are protected by the Auckland City Council District Plan Isthmus Section, which limits the height of buildings built in front of them. Cat B Cat I Parnell Rail Overbridge, Parnell Rise, Piers and Viaduct , believed to be the earliest bridge associated with steam railways in the North Island. This bridge together with the Parnell tunnel was part of the Auckland- Onehunga line, 1873, the first in the Auckland province. Connecting the Waitemata and Manukau harbours, it opened the hinterland for suburban development and the efficient movement of goods. Former Swan Hotel, 2 Stanley Street, corner Parnell Rise and Stanley Street, now the Strand Tavern, is one of the earliest surviving timber public houses in Auckland, dating from Cat A App1.Schedule B No 393 Cat B Cat II Cat II Constitution Hill Te Reuroa Te Rueroa pa the longer outer palisading occupied the Supreme Court site and extended to the foreshore. A Maori Heritage Site (Te Reuroa Pa) is District Plan listed in the Waterloo Quadrant / Anzac Avenue / Parliament Street area. Schedule Ref No 280 B Former Supreme Court (now High Court) , Waterloo Quadrant. Built to the design of architect, Edward Rumsey, in the Gothic Revival style, it has been in continuous use as a courthouse since construction and is part of the historic area of nearby Victorian buildings, including Parliament buildings (now demolished), St Andrew s Church and the former Government House. Two pohutukawa in the reserve facing Anzac Avenue and to the rear of the High Court are scheduled for protection in the District Plan. Cat A Cat I To the rear of the Supreme Court was the first Parliament. Built in 1854 and vacated when Parliament relocated to Wellington, it became part of the University and was subsequently demolished in A plaque erected in 2004 by the New Zealand House of Representatives and Auckland City Council marks the entry to the building and commemorates 150 years of Parliament. Nearby Parliament Street and the Parliament reserve are named after this institution. Corner Courtville / Middle Courtville opposite the High Court in Parliament Street are two early blocks of flats. On the Waterloo Both Cat B Both Cat I WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 5

8 Quadrant corner is the five storey high rise block known as Corner Courtville. Designed in 1919 by Sinclair O Connor, it shows influences of the Viennese architect, Otto Wagner and the American Chicago School architects, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Immediately next door is Middle Courtville, 1914, also by Sinclair O Connor. Braemar, immediately next to Middle Courtville, is a turn of the century, late Victorian townhouse, now a bed and breakfast establishment. Westminster Court (1936) and Windsor Towers (1920s), both blocks of flats, are further along Parliament Street. Former Berrisville Flats (now William Martin Chambers), opposite the Supreme Court at the top of Anzac Avenue, are pre-war flats designed in 1937 by Richard Toy from the office of E. Rupert Morton. St Andrews Presbyterian Church, Alten Road / Symonds Street corner. The nave of this first Presbyterian Church in Auckland was a functional rectangular building with a pitched roof constructed from local bluestone to the design of Walter Robertson in The more ornate portico and tower with its superimposed Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders, was an 1882 addition designed by Matthew Henderson. Former Government House Waterloo Quadrant. The first Government House was prefabricated and shipped from Britain and erected in 1842 for Governor William Hobson. Burnt down in 1848, it was replaced in by the current building designed by colonial architect, William Mason. It served as the viceregal residence in Auckland until it was transferred to the University of Auckland in 1969, becoming the Staff Common Room. The site contains many fine old trees, some of them being commemorative plantings while others are reputedly grown from acorns taken from the Great Forest at Windsor and the Royal Oak at Boscobel Shropshire. Scheduled trees include oaks, a Coral tree, Norfolk Island Pine, Big Tree and a Maiten, supplemented with native planting, including a rimu and a kauri. Cat B Both Cat B Cat B Cat A Cat A Cat II Cat II Cat I Cat I Former Station Hotel 131 Beach Road N/A Cat II Associated : Zig Zag walkway beside Station Hotel, provides access to Anzac Avenue up the old cliff face. Former Railway Station Beach Road / Te Taou Crescent. Based on American railway stations, this grand Beaux- Arts style building was constructed on reclaimed land in by architects Gummer and Ford and the Railways chief engineer F. C. Widdop, when the rail terminal was moved from its existing location behind the Central Post Office. Sold during the privatisation of New Zealand Rail in the 1990s, it was used for a period as The Railway Campus by the University of Auckland, but vacated in 2008 when weathertightness problems emerged. Following extensive works the complex in now in residential use and is known as the Grand Central Apartments. A number of native trees around the former station are scheduled for protection in Appendix 2, Schedule of Trees in the District Plan. These include six exotic Canary Island Palms, which form part of the railway station gardens which fronted Beach Road, and two kauri in the road berm in front of this space. Cat A Cat I WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 6

9 POINT BRITOMART- TE RERENGA ORAITI This former point was the site of Te Rerenga Oraiti pa the leap of the survivors, which refers to incidents when Ngati Whatua drove their foe to the end of the point and their only chance of survival was to leap into the harbour below. Known for a short period as Flagstaff Hill then Point Britomart, the Union Jack was hoisted on this spot in September 1840 and the City of Auckland founded. It was occupied by British troops and known as Fort Britomart. Following the formation of the Auckland Harbour Board in 1871, the point was cut down and used to fill in Freemans, Commercial, Official and Mechanics Bays between 1872 and Behind the fort, at the end of Emily Place was St Paul s Anglican Church, designed by William Mason in the gothic style and opened in It was known as the soldiers church, because it was attended by the regiments from the nearby Fort Britomart and Albert Barracks. It was demolished in 1885, in exchange for compensation of nearly 4000, to allow the earthworks to proceed. Today a remnant of the Albert Barracks wall runs behind the Old Arts Building and Old Choral Hall on the University of Auckland site. The first vicar of St Paul s, the reverend J. F. Churton, is commemorated in an obelisk to his memory erected in and located close to the site of the demolished church in the present day Emily Place Park. The six pohutukawa trees which surround the memorial were planted to hold the bank in place after the point had been quarried away. These trees are scheduled in the District Plan for protection as are four Maidenhair trees (Ginkgo Biloba). Anzac Avenue, formerly Jermyn Street was reformed during WW1 to a gentle gradient. App1.Schedule B No 034 A Maori Heritage Site (Te Horo Roa) at the intersection of Anzac Avenue and Beach Road, is District Plan listed. Schedule Ref No 267 B Fort Street, originally Fore Street, the street extending along the foreshore, had steps leading up the hill to the Britomart barracks. The Fort Street / Gore Street area was known by Maori as Te One Panea beach of the heads in line alluding to the heads of slain enemies being stuck on posts which were set along the foreshore. Extending into the harbour from the Queen / Fort Sts intersection was the second Auckland wharf (1400 ft. long), constructed in Former Northern Roller Mills original mill building 65 Fort Street. Cat B N/A Wrights Building constructed for A. B. Wright and Sons, carriers, to the design of architect Thomas Mahoney in It one of the earliest New Zealand examples of the Chicago School style. Former Jean Batten Post Office, corner Fort Street and Jean Batten Place was built in 1941 and named after New Zealand s most famous aviator. This building has now been incorporated into a much larger development for the Bank of new Zealand. Imperial Hotel, corner Fort / Queen Streets, is an example of one of the few remaining corner pubs in Auckland and incorporates earlier structures from 1862 and The corner building was designed by Edward Mahoney and Son in the then-fashionable Italianate style. Cat B Cat B Cat II Cat I Cat II WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 7

10 OFFICIAL BAY TE HOROROA Before the Ngati Whatua invasion in the seventeenth century, part of a pa here slipped into the sea, with some loss of life and this place became known as Te Hororoa the slipping away. Known later as Official Bay, it was also called Exclusion Bay, since it was settled by government officials and other notables. Residents included Felton Mathew, the Superintendant of Works (and first New Zealand architect), William Mason, Dr John Johnson and the Nathans, whose Waterloo Quadrant House Newman Hall ( ) still remains. It was, for a short period, the seat of Government. It was close to Fort Britomart, Princes Street where government offices and merchants houses were to be built, St Pauls Church, Government House and the commercial area in Shortland Street. Auckland s first wharf, Wynyard Pier, was constructed at the end of Short Street. A timber wharf 500 feet long, it was mainly funded by public subscription and constructed in It is named after Colonel Robert H Wynyard. The Waiariki spring once ran into Official Bay from the vicinity of Eden Crescent and is found today in an opening in the bluestone retaining wall along the rear boundary of Newman Hall, adjoining the University of Auckland Law School carpark. The spring is now piped away but has had a number of uses over the years. Maori used this plentiful source for drinking and to water their crops, as did the early settlers and it was also used by the nearby troops in Fort Britomart. Water from the spring was barrelled up for ships anchored in the bay and barged out to them and, after the construction of Wynyard wharf, it was piped. In 1845 the water was used to supply Alexander Wilkie s cordial factory in Eden crescent and cordial production continued on this site until COMMERCIAL BAY At the foot of Queen Street this bay offered a wide flat beach area with mudflats suitable for transferring passengers and goods from ship to shore. The Felton Mathew Plan of 1841 anticipated the reclamation of Mechanics, Commercial and Freemans Bays. Reclamation of Commercial Bay began with the formation of Fore Street (Now Fort Street), completed in 1850, and continued with the first Queen Street wharf in The port grew rapidly, reaching Quay Street by the 1880s. Fill from the cutting down of Point Britomart, c was used as fill for reclamations in all of the bays. This area developed as a warehouse precinct benefitting from easy access to the wharves, Queen Street and, from 1885, the railway station. Within this larger area is the Britomart Precinct bounded by Quay Street / Britomart Place / Customs Street East and Queen Elizabeth Square. This precinct contains many historic buildings and heritage streetscapes. It also has three NZHPT registered historic areas, Customs Street East, Quay Street and the Harbour Historic Area. Customs Street Historic Area (forms southern side of the Britomart Precinct). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 8

11 On the northern side : Kiwi Tavern, 3 Britomart Place, Adjacent to the Tavern and located in the road reserve is a Pin Oak which is scheduled for protection in the District Plan. Cat B HA Charter House Customs Street East, c1900. HA A. H. Nathan Building 42 Customs Street East, Cat A HA / Cat II Australis House 36 Customs Street East, corner Gore Street, Buckland Building 34 Customs Street East, corner Gore Street c Cat A Cat B HA / Cat I HA Masonic Building, Customs Street East, Cat B HA / Cat II Stanbeth House Customs Street East, 1885 (front), 1908 (rear). Excelsior Block 22 Customs Street, Commerce Street corner, c Levy Building 20 Customs St East, c.1896, façade remodelled 1930s. During WWII it housed the YWCA s Downtown Club, an organization serving the social needs of women in the armed forces. Cat B Cat B HA / Cat II HA /Cat II HA / Cat II Old Sofrana House Customs Street East, Cat B HA / Cat II The Barrington Building Customs Street East, c On the southern side: Achilles House 47 Customs Street East, Commerce Street corner, 1904 façade remodelled 1930s. Former G. W. Owen and Co building, produce Merchants, 1901, 55 Customs Street East. Cat B Cat B HA / Cat II HA HA Stamford House, 57 Customs Street East. HA Britomart Tavern, 69 Customs Street. Cat B HA Queen Elizabeth II Square In the 1970s the downtown area to the west of the CPO was redeveloped to include Air NZ House, (now HSBC) the Downtown shopping centre, Auckland City Council Downtown Carpark building and the fourteen storey Travelodge (now the Copthorne). Queen Elizabeth Square has several sculptures of interest including Molly Macalister s Maori Warrior (1967), Te Ahi Kaa Roa, Ngati Whatua (2004) and eighteen kauri trees planted in the square to the design of Michael Parekowhai (2004). Former Chief Post Office, 12 Queen Street, This building was designed in the Imperial Baroque style by the then Government architects, John Campbell and Claude Paton. It is now part of the Britomart Transport Centre which opened in This development brought rail back into the CBD for the first time since 1930 and linked rail, bus and ferry services in the downtown area. Cat A Cat I WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 9

12 QUAY STREET includes the NZHPT Quay Street Historic Area. Endeans Building, 2 Queen Street, corner Quay Street. Built in the 1920s to the design of Chilwell and Trevithick. An additional storey was added in the 1970s. Union House, 2 Commerce Street, corner Quay Street. Built , to a design by Warren and Mahoney, it is known for its distinctive exterior bracing. It received an NZIA Regional Award and NZ Concrete Society Award in HA HA / Cat II Former Maritime Building, 130 Quay Street, corner Gore Street. Built in 1946 to the design of Chilwell and Trevithick as the head office and passenger service centre for the New Zealand Shipping Co. Alterations were designed by Gummer and Ford in Former Northern Steamship Company Building, Quay Street. Design in 1898 designed by A. P. Wilson. Former Marine Workshops / Union Fish Company 116 Quay Street. Cat B Cat B Quay Buildings. Former NZ Harbour Board Employees Union. Former Colonial Sugar Refining NZ Head office, 102 Quay Street, designed by Charles Arnold. It later became the Wharf Police Station. Cat B Cat I Cat I Cat I QUAY STREET harbourside area includes NZHPT Harbour Historic Area Red Fence delineating wharves and former Harbour Board area, This fence cast in iron and fabricated in Manchester and Glasgow originally enclosed Queen Street wharf (Queens Wharf) and later extended along Quay Street. The fences were under construction at the time of the 1913 Waterfront Strike. Rainbow Warrior Memorial, Quay Street, by the Axis Bledisloe Container Terminal. The anti-nuclear protest ship Rainbow Warrior was sunk at Marsden Wharf by the French Government on July Rock from Britomart Point, this rock marks Point Britomart, which was quarried away c Admiralty Steps, once used by royalty visiting on British naval ships, this area is now used as berths for tugs. Queens Wharf, Two sheds remained on the wharf, sheds 10 (1914) and 11 (1911). Shed 11 was recently dismantled into storage to make way for The Cloud a temporary marquee for Party Central events in association with the Rugby World Cup. Ferry Building, 99 Quay Street, Built to the design of Alexander Wiseman, a fifth storey and balcony to the first floor was added in Eastern Ferry Tee (North Shore Ferry services). This modern structure incorporates part of a 1908 timber and cast iron shelter structure. App1.Schedule B No 114 Cat A HA HA /Cat II HA/ Cat I HA /Cat I HA WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 10

13 Gulf Islands Ferry Tee. Shelter Sheds eastern and western, built in 1915 and moved to their present position in Quay Street Landings. Reinforced concrete steps leading into the water, constructed 1914 and moved forward to their present position in Former Auckland Harbour Board Building,139 Quay Street. This was Designed by Dodd Patterson Newman Pearce Collective and built , this building earned an NZIA National Award in Sculpture, Flight Trainer for Albatross 2004 by Greer Twiss, one of 7 works of art erected along the Waitemata Harbour foreshore and the first to be commissioned by the Auckland City Sculpture Trust. Cat B [eastern shelter only] HA / Cat II HA Princes Wharf built of reinforced concrete HA Memorial beacon commemorating Auckland Harbour Board staff during WWI. The rear of the beacon is inscribed This monument was restored and re-erected in 2000 by a grateful refugee from Nazi Germany. Launchmans Building, HA /Cat II The Voyager NZ Maritime Museum located behind the Launchmans Building and on Hobson Wharf. Facing the water is the exhibition hall, designed by Pete Bossley Architects and built to house NZL32 Black Magic which won the Americas Cup in Viaduct Harbour, Rolling Lift Bridge installed to provide a road and rail connection between Quay Street West and the Western reclamation (Wynyard Quarter. Constructed by the Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd, Darlington, England, it opened in June 1932 and was decommissioned in Former Harbour Board Workshops, 1 Hobson Street & 204 Quay Street, Viaduct Quay, These were used by maintenance staff for work on launches, tugs and dredges. Designed by Norman Wade, Auckland Harbour Board Architect. Cat B Cat B HA HA Redevelopment of the Viaduct Harbour in the 1990s and for the America s Cup in 2000 saw this building and many others used as restaurants with apartments and offices above. CUSTOMS STREET EAST & WEST Dilworth Building, Queen Street and 5 Customs Street East. Designed by Gummer and Ford , this was intended as one of a pair but its twin on the opposing Queen Street corner was never built. The top floor housed the Dilworth Trust for many years and during WWII housed the U. S. Army H.Q. Former Customhouse, 22 Customs Street West, corner Albert Street, After the building was vacated by Customs it was home to a number of failed commercial ventures and was converted to a duty free shopping arcade in the late 1990s. It now houses the DFS Galleria and shop. Cat A Cat A Cat I Cat I WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 11

14 West Plaza Building, 3 Albert Street, Fanshawe Street and Albert Street corner, 1974, designed by Neville Price. In 2004 it won an NZIA local award and in 2005 an NZIA Enduring Architecture Award. Former Yates Building, corner lower Albert Street and Wolfe Street, built in 1911 to the design of architect T. W. May to accommodate a shop and offices for Yates. Cat B Proposed Cat B Tepid Baths The Teps, Customs Street West, Cat A Cat II Former City Markets, occupies an entire city block bounded by Customs Street West, Market Lane, Sturdee Street, Packenham Street East and Market Place. It was constructed c and remained here until the markets relocated to Wiri in the 1980s. Former public toilets, located on small triangle of land bounded by Market Place, Sturdee Street, and Customs Street East, c. 1920s- 1930s in the bungalow style. No longer in use. Horse trough outside toilets on the Market / Sturdee Street corner, engraved with the inscription His Tender Mercies Are Over All His Works Psalms 145:9 SMALES POINT (Pt Stanley) NGAUWERA Near the Customshouse corner of the Albert Street / Customs St intersection, a pa Ngau Wera the burnt breasts once stood, and the origin of this name has been lost. Later this point was named after Captain Owen Stanley of H.M.S. Britomart and then after Captain David Smale who bought a property on the point. The point separated Commercial Bay from Freemans Bay and was removed in the 1880s to allow Albert street to extend to the wharves. App1.Schedule B No 037 Ngahu Wera is District Plan listed as a Maori Heritage Site Schedule B Ref No 274 FREEMANS BAY WAIATARAU / WAIKOKOTA Freemans Bay or Waiatarau, the reflecting waters refers to the bay before its reclamation. It was once the source of abundant natural resources and several streams flowed into the bay, the Waikuta waters of the reed at the foot of College Hill and Tunamau to catch eels in the vicinity of Franklin Road. The area around Franklin Road was known for its boat builders, sawyers and hotels and a more modern Maori name for the area was Waipiro or stinking water which referred to the drunken state of the hotel patrons and residents. Further along the bay, the Drake Street area was known as Te Koranga the scaffolds where shark and fish would be dried on scaffolds over the summer and processed as a food source for the leaner winter months. The eastern end of the bay, in the vicinity of Wellesley and Victoria Street West, was known as Waikokota the place where cockles could be harvested The present day name for the bay has several explanations; one refers to Governor Hobson s secretary, James Stuart Freeman who lived in the bay, the other is a reference to the free settlers living there. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 12

15 Freemans Bay is a mix of Victorian workers cottages on small sites on the lower slopes of the Bay around Victoria Park with larger homes on bigger sections being found on the upper slopes and along the Ponsonby Road ridge. The bay itself contained the destructor which burned Auckland s rubbish and the gas works. Following the depression and WWII many of the modest dwellings in the area were in derelict condition. A 1946 survey by Auckland City Council, reported in the press as RAT-INFESTED SLUMS ENDANGER HEALTH OF AUCKLANDERS resulted in a large area of Freemans Bay being declared an Urban Reclamation Area in 1951 and slum clearances began. Reconstruction in the form of replacement terrace houses was slow; Council reduced the clearance area and, after public pressure in 1973, removed it entirely and the area became a rehabilitation and renovation area. Prices started to rise as young professional couples moved in. The gentrification of Freemans Bay had begun. The special character of St Marys Bay gained increasing recognition from Council who in 1977 declared the workers houses in Renall Street, Auckland s first conservation precinct. Later, the residential areas of Freemans Bay were recognised by the City of Auckland District Plan Isthmus Section as areas of special character (Residential 1) and planning controls exist to ensure that alterations and additions are sympathetic to the established character of the suburb. A Maori Heritage Site at the intersection of Wolfe and Federal Streets (Pari Tuhu) is District Plan listed. Schedule Ref No 271 B Foster and Co (ship chandlers) Fanshawe Street, 1907, occupies a building originally constructed for the Auckland Electric Tramway Company. Cat B The first Auckland electric trams ran from 1902 until 1956 with power supplied from a power house in lower Hobson Street (now demolished). Further along Fanshawe Street, at the intersection of Nelson and Wyndham Streets was a small bay with a fisherman's wharf. This was known as Brickfield Bay after the early brickworks there. Maori knew this area as Te Hika a Rama. Rama lit a fire here to warm his grandchild and in so doing he alerted his Ngati Whatua enemies to his presence and he was attacked and killed. A Maori Heritage Site (Te Hika a Rama), at the Hobson / Fanshawe Street / Sturdee Street intersection is District Plan listed. Schedule Ref No 273 B Also located on the foreshore from 1862 was the Auckland Gas Company, which later shifted to Beaumont Street in Freemans Bay. A semicircular wall, possibly linked to the gasholders, is found to the rear of the Fanshawe Street carpark. Auckland Timber Company Fanshawe Street. This four storey masonry building, constructed became the head office of the Auckland Timber Company, the Kauri Timber Company and Butler Brothers Limited. It is built on reclaimed land and in front of the original seawall and Cat A Proposed Cat I WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 13

16 was linked by an overbridge to sawmills on the foreshore. The office closed in Logs were unloaded from scows into the foreshore booms, hauled up skids then cut in the steam powered mills which lined Fanshawe Street, the timber processing heart of Auckland. Original Basalt Seawall. Built as part of an Auckland Harbour Board reclamation scheme in 1913, it runs behind buildings which line Fanshawe Street at the bottom of the cliff. It is one of the few gravity walls remaining in the city. Former B. J. Ball Building, now Auckland Council, Graham Street. Designed by architect H. Juventin, it is known for the Milan Mrkusich mural on its side wall above Fanshawe Street. Walkway adjacent to the BJ Ball building, provides access down the old cliff face to Fanshawe Street below and contains four scheduled English oaks. On the corner of Fanshawe and Halsey Streets once stood the Maori Community Centre c.1946 (now demolished). This was a converted war depot building which acted as an urban marae for Maori newly arrived in the city following the WWII movement of Maori from rural to urban areas, particularly Auckland. This centre was known for its dances and entertainment provided by Prince Tui Teka and Billy T James. App1.Schedule B, No 347 Maori population growth peaked during and, attracted to jobs in the central area, a major community was established there. The Maori name for the area surrounding the Fanshawe Street / Halsey Street is Te Paneiriiri the head hung up referring to a Ngati Paoa victory ceremony performed here. The site is listed in the District Plan Central Area Section. Schedule Ref No 272 B Millar Paterson and Co Ltd, established 1903, [(Brass Bronze Aluminium Founders and Manufacturing Engineers) relocated to 1 Halsey Street c1914. It is the oldest family run business in Freemans Bay and the exterior of the building is virtually unchanged. A Maori Heritage Site (Te Koranga) Victoria Street / Halsey Street intersection is listed in the District Plan. Schedule Ref No 279 B Victoria Park. Initial reclamation of Freemans Bay from the harbour began in 1873 and the area was opened by Auckland City Mayor Mr A. M. Myers,on 20 December It was used as a temporary morgue during the 1918 influenza epidemic, as barracks for the United States armed forces during WWII and later, in 1966, it survived attempts by the then Auckland Harbour Board to have it zoned as industrial land. In 1962 the motorway flyover was constructed above the park and the new Victoria Park Tunnel running beneath it will be completed in late As part of the original park, a Caretaker s House on the corner of Halsey and Fanshawe Streets was built and its exterior has been recently restored. The park is known for its Plane trees, all of which are scheduled in the district plan. Several Maori Heritage Sites, in Victoria Park, (Wai Kokota and Te To) are listed in the District Plan. Former Freemans Hotel, corner Drake and Vernon Streets, 1886, and three lamp stands in the road reserve adjoining the hotel. Schedule B Ref no 270A & B Cat B App1.Schedule B No 169 [for lamp stands] Cat II WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 14

17 Former Campbell Free Kindergarten, Victoria Street West, constructed in Victoria Park in Recently restored, part of the building houses standby electrical equipment for the Victoria Park Tunnel and the remainder will eventually be available for public use. Victoria Park Market, Victoria Street West. The former Auckland Municipal Destructor and Depot , was closed in Constructed after a public health scare of the bubonic plague, the city s rubbish was burnt here and the complex of buildings included the Works Depot as well as blacksmiths and carpenters workshops and a stable. From 1908 it generated electricity and, since demand very rapidly exceeded supply, it was replaced with the coal-fired Kings Wharf Power Station in Remnants of the coastal cliffline and a large pohutukawa are found along the Drake Street boundary. Franklin Road. This road is noted for its Plane trees and its timber housing comprising cottages, villas, some bungalows and later housing types. Residential areas of Freemans Bay are recognised by the City of Auckland District Plan Isthmus Section as areas of special character (Residential 1) and planning controls exist to ensure that alterations and additions are sympathetic to the established character of the suburb. The entire avenue of trees in Franklin Road is listed in the Schedule of Notable Trees, Auckland City Council District Plan Isthmus Section. Rob Roy Hotel, Franklin / Victoria Street West / Drake Street corner, Rolled off-site in 2010 to allow for construction of the Victoria Park Tunnel, it was relocated to its original site early in Former Auckland Gas Company, Administration Buildings, 90 Beaumont Street. This second site of the gas works developed It comprised the offices along Beaumont Street, the works themselves and two large, odiferous gasometers at the bottom of College Hill, on the site now occupied by the Franklin Road New World supermarket. Gas was produced here until natural gas became available in the early 1970s and following this many buildings were subsequently demolished. The site, now known as the Beaumont Quarter was acquired by Melview Developments and in 2001 construction of terrace and apartment housing began. The administration buildings fronting Beaumont Street have been converted to offices. Another building against the cliff face, thought to have been the retort manager s office, has been converted to a gymnasium. Victory Christian Church, formerly the Assembly of God, 98 Beaumont Street. WYNYARD QUARTER (Tank Farm) Cat B Cat A for chimney, & Destructor Building, Cat B for other buildings Schedule of Notable Trees Cat B Cat B Cat I Cat I Lying to the north of Fanshawe Street, this area is bounded on three sides by water and was reclaimed in two stages, Fanshawe to Jellicoe Street and north of, and angled to this block, Wynyard Wharf including Hamer and Brigham Street, The area is characterised by industrial, commercial and marine uses and its former name is taken from the landmark petroleum tanks and cement silos on the northern extremity of the site. Now known as the Wynyard Quarter this area is currently being revitalised a project undertaken by the Auckland Waterfront Development Agency which will see a harbourside community of mixed uses including apartments, shops and offices, parks and WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 15

18 plazas and the traditional fishing and marine activities. It combines a number of projects, including the Viaduct Events Centre, the Wynyard Crossing, Gateway and Jellicoe Plazas, Silo Park, superyacht berths and the construction of an electric tramway. Silo Park will retain the 35m Golden Bay cement silo as an example of the area s industrial heritage. As part of a separate study Salmond Reed Architects have identified a number of heritage buildings in the Wynyard Quarter as listed below and some of these are also included in a character overlay in the Auckland City Council District Plan Central Area Section as indicated. Former oil company benzene store, (near Gaunt Street corner). Former British Imperial Oil Co, now Sailors Corner. Former oil company building, corner Beaumont and Gaunt Streets. Former oil company building, corner Gaunt and Daldy Streets. CO CO CO CO Former Chas Bailey Shipyard, 132 Beaumont Street, now HQ Café. Former Bailey s Shipyard and Devonport Ferry Co site. Former Oil Company Store, Beaumont Street, now Smart Marine. Former Mason Brothers site (Engineers & Boilermakers), 139 Packenham Street, now Southern Spars. North Sails building, Packenham Street,( former use currently unknown ). Former Lysaght building constructed in the stripped classical style, corner Packenham and Halsey Streets. Flower Traders on Halsey Street. Former Neuchatel Office, Madden Street. Sanford Building, Jellicoe Street, constructed in the interwar stripped classical style. Former Auckland Harbour Board shed, Jellicoe Street (harbour side). Former N Cole building, Daldy Street c1930, an example of interwar stripped classical with later Art Deco / Moderne additions. CO CO CO CO CO CO Oil tanks, Hamer and Brigham Streets. A cluster of oil tanks including the oldest tanks on Wynyard Point, which were present or constructed in Sanfords, Hamer Street. An industrial building enclosing a slipway for boat maintenance Golden Bay Cement silos, Hamer and Jellicoe Streets. CO POINT FISHER ( Acheron Point) TE TO Known by Maori as Te To after a headland pa to haul up a waka which once occupied the eastern headland above Beaumont Street, it was one of the many fishing stations along the Waitemata Harbour. Originally it was named after the acting Attorney General and later Land Commissioner, Francis Fisher, but later it became known as Acheron Point after the survey vessel H.M.S. Acheron, which charted the Waitemata coastline WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 16

19 The Catholic Star of the Sea Orphanage and industrial school were located here and when the land was sold in 1912 to the Gas Company, the orphanage was dismantled and shipped across the harbour to be rebuilt in Northcote. The Point was quarried away incrementally from and the fill, along with other waste, was deposited in Freemans Bay to create Victoria Park, ST MARYS BAY St Marys Bay was known by several Maori Names. To the eastern end in the Harbour Street vicinity is Te Papaku a Whai or Whais Shoal while at the western end in the St Marys Road / London street area, which was once a beach, was Ko Takere Haea the split canoe hull referring to an incident where slaves accidentally cracked the hull of a waka while bringing it ashore. This was seen as a bad omen and the slaves were killed for their carelessness. The Catholic Church has had a strong presence here since 1852 and the area continues to be the centre of the Church in Auckland including the Bishop s Palace in New Street. The bay is named after the early establishment of St Marys College here and College Hill takes its name from this school. The heritage nature of the suburb has long been recognised, initially through the efforts of the St Marys Bay Association (1975) and the area is now officially recognised in the City of Auckland District Plan Isthmus Section as an area of special character (Residential 1). In addition, a Cliffline Tree Amenity Area extends along the original cliffline and shoreline of St Marys Bay and Herne Bay conferring additional District Plan protection on trees, especially indigenous trees such as the coastal pohutukawa which are an integral part of the coastal landscape of the city and contribute much to the visual amenity of St Marys Bay. In 1956 work on the Harbour Bridge approaches began and St Marys Bay and Shelly Beach were reclaimed. The bridge was officially opened on May 30th Capacity was soon reached necessitating the addition of the four-lane Nippon Clip-ons, in Several Maori Heritage Sites are listed in the District Plan, Ko Takerehaea, in the reserve at the foot of St Marys Bay Road and One-Maru at the base of the Point Erin cliff. Before the advent of the bridge Shelly Beach was a popular area with the locals and clifftop houses had direct water access as well as boat sheds and ramps. Schedule of Maori Heritage Sites POINT ERIN OKA An ancient pa known as Oka or Te Koraenga the headland was a base for summer fishing, particularly for shark, in the upper Waitemata. Ureia, the taniwha and guardian of the Hauraki people used Point Erin to scratch his back.. Point Erin, originally part of Logan Campbell s estate was purchased in 1911 as a city park. A Maori Heritage Site, Te Koraenga Oka, in Point Erin Park, is listed in the District Plan. Schedule of Maori Heritage Sites WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 17

20 A NZHPT registered Wahi Tapu site, Te Routu o Ureia is also located on Erin Point. Shelly Beach baths were opened in 1912 as salt water baths, and were the first to have mixed bathing. It closed in 1956 to make way for the harbour bridge and was replaced by the Point Erin baths built above Shelly Beach and opened in Wahi Tapu site WESTHAVEN Towards the end of WWI in 1917 and 1918 a number of cyclones, causing extensive damage, persuaded the Auckland Harbour Board to construct a sheltering breakwater along the St Marys Bay reef and by 1940 the area had been dredged, land reclaimed and a seawall built around Westhaven Drive. On this land four buildings were constructed and leased to the Auckland Harbour Board. The Richmond Yacht Club was designed in the art deco style by the Harbour Board s architect, Norman Wade. The area is currently home to the Ponsonby Cruising Club, the Victoria Cruising Club, the Richmond Yacht Club and the Royal NZ Yacht Squadron. Since the 1940s a number of other reclamations have occurred and the Westhaven Marina is now one of the largest in Australasia. Schedule of terms used in the document App1.Schedule B Cat A Cat B Cat I Cat II CO HA Schedule B No Schedule of Maori Heritage Sites Schedule B of Appendix 1 : Monuments and Objects of Special Value, Auckland City Council District Plan Central Area Section Category A listing in the heritage appendices to the Auckland City Council District Plan, Central Area or Isthmus Section Category B listing in the heritage appendices to the Auckland City Council District Plan Central Area or Isthmus Section Category I registration with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust Category II registration with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust Buildings identified as Character Buildings and Features in the Character Overlay, Quarter Plan G, Auckland City Council District Plan - Central Area Section Historic Area registration with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust Schedule B of Appendix 3 : Maori Heritage Sites Auckland City Council District Plan - Central Area Section Appendix 4, Auckland City Council District Plan Isthmus Section WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 18

21 APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 19

22 Chronology of Development DATE EVENT REFERENCE 1840 Lieutenant Governor William Hobson selects Auckland (named after his friend and patron, Lord Auckland) as the site for the new capital. September Store Bay (later Commercial Bay), selected by Felton Mathew and Captain David Rough, as landing place for settlement. Platts, 1971:11 Stone, 2001:266 Negotiations with Ngati Whatua chiefs for the 3000 acre block that is to become Auckland. Proclamation of Crown Settlement of Auckland. 20 October Final Deed of Sale signed by Ngati Whatua chiefs. The new settlement s first fort, Fort Britomart, established on Flagstaff Hill (Point Britomart) on the site of an old pa, Te Rerenga-oraiti. Stone, 2001:266 Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd April First Crown auction of town allotments. Stone, 2001:266 Plan of Auckland prepared by Hobson s Surveyor General, Felton Mathew anticipates development of Customs Street (Customhouse St.) as part of his proposal for the reclamation of Commercial Bay. He also plans for the reclamation and development of Freemans Bay and Mechanics Bay which is accessed, via Official Bay, by an un-named road along the water s edge. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:11 (Customs St East Historic Area). Plan never fully implemented. 28 July Governor Hobson lays the foundation stone of the Metropolitan Church of St Paul s at its first location in Emily Place. Consecrated by Bishop Selwyn on 17 March 1844, the church occupied a prominent position overlooking Commercial Bay. It was known as the soldiers church because of its proximity to Fort Britomart and the Albert Barracks. Church demolished 1885 and rebuilt in Symonds St in Emily Place is significant as it is all that remains of the former Britomart Point. NZH 23/2/1885:5; Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009; (see also Salmond Architects, St Paul s Church Conservation plan) WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 20

23 1840s 1850s Early settlement is centred on the shores of Commercial Bay and Mechanics Bay (so called because it housed the town s first workmen). Shortland Crescent (now Shortland Street) serves as the main thoroughfare between these two bays. The administrative centre is located on the ridge from Fort Britomart to Government House (earliest built in1842. After this burnt down, in 1848, it was replaced by the classical style building designed by architect William Mason). Now known as Old Government House Early settlers depended greatly on produce grown by Maori which was often transported some distance from the Hauraki and Waikato areas to Te Toangaroa (Mechanics Bay) where the Waka Reserve and Waipapa Hostel provided an area for these non resident iwi to gather and rest as they brought their goods to the Auckland market. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009; Johnson 1988; Platts, 1971:36 (for illus. of first Government House). Heritage Themes Mapping Auckland Central Area October Construction of the 500 ft long Wynyard Pier in Official Bay. Prior to this, port activities of the settlement had centred on the tidal mudflats at Official Bay (named after the government officials who resided there from the1840s) and Commercial Bay Work commences on the first Queen Street wharf, described as being no more than a solid filling confined by timber and stone. An 1852 drawing by P.S. Hogan depicts this structure as a continuation of Queen Street which at that time terminated on the shoreline at Fore Street (now Fort St.). Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009; Johnson Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland. p.21, 25; Johnson 1988 (p.9 for illus. of wharf) By this date the Waihorotiu Stream, which ran from a marsh (in the vicinity of present-day Aotea Square) down to the sea, had been renamed Ligar Canal, after the second Surveyor General. Its foul smelling course took it along parts of what was still a very boggy Queen St Land on the hills behind the western end of St Marys Bay (Ko Takere Haea) purchased by Bishop Pompallier for the Catholic Church. This area became known as Mount St Mary. Prior to the construction of the Harbour Bridge, the beach at the western end of St Marys Bay was a popular swimming place and home to the West End Rowing Club. Eastern end of St Marys Bay (Te Papaku a Whai meaning Wai s Shoal ) was, together with Freemans Bay, home to a thriving marine industry for many years. Grand old villas overlook the area. Control of the Waitemata Harbour passes from the Governor to the Auckland Provincial Council. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd.; Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:15. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd.; Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:324, 328. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 21

24 March Inaugural meeting of City Council Bush, 1971: May Opening at Auckland of first session of New Zealand Parliament a purpose designed timber building, on the corner of Eden and Parliament Streets, near the Supreme Court. The building is also used by the Provincial Council (until the abolition of the provinces in 1876). Daniel Simpson appointed as Engineer to Auckland Harbour Commission. Improves surfacing and pile construction of Queen St Wharf extending its length to 244m. Axford, SRA -Campus Heritage Buildings (ref) Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland. p Swan Hotel, 2 Stanley Street, corner Parnell Rise and Stanley Street, now the Strand Hotel, one of the earliest surviving timber public houses in Auckland. Situated on the foreshore, next to the Maori Hostel and waka landing point. NZHPT website Swan Hotel (Former) 1857 Chapel of St Stephen s built in Judge s Bay, replacing an earlier (1844) stone structure which had collapsed within a year of its opening. Designed by Frederick Thatcher and built in a Greek Cross plan. Associated cemetery contains graves of many important early settlers. Platts, 1971: ; NZHPT website St Stephen s Chapel (Anglican) & Churchyard. c.1859 Reclamation Fort Street (originally Fore Street) to Customs Street East (No.1 on Auckland Harbour Board Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology The lower part of present day Queen Street extends across the original shoreline and through this first reclamation Smale s Point (Previously Pt Stanley) Part of the point is cut back to provide fill for the reclamation of Commercial Bay and to provide easier access to Freeman s Bay. Johnson,1988:13 (The tip of the Point corresponds with the present intersection of Albert Street and Customs Street) Nov. Opening of last session of Parliament held in Auckland. Seat of Government moved to Wellington (28/2/1865). NZH, 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ) WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 22

25 The city s first gasworks are constructed at the foot of Nelson Street in Brickfield Bay (now Fanshawe Street). Of archaeological interest: (A very large semi-circular brick wall on the gasworks site that is still extant may be linked with the presence of gasholders). Brickfield Bay (Te Hika a Rama) took its European name from the brick-making industry centred there. Reclaimed by Construction of railway piers and viaduct, intersection of Parnell Rise and Stanley Street. Clough R. and K. Hill, (see photo Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:336); communication Martin Jones (NZHPT) to Richard Bollard (SRA) Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. NZHPT website (Railway bridge and Viaduct) 1867 By this time a breakwater at Point Britomart has been built. Mitchell and Seffern s 1867 plan 1870 British Garrison leaves Fort Britomart and Albert Barracks. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd Auckland is constituted a city. P.A. Philips is elected first Mayor. Formation of Auckland Harbour Board (AHB) set up to take over management of the port from the Provincial Council. At first meeting on 1 June, Captain W.C. Daldy is elected chairman. By this time Queen Street Wharf had been completely reconstructed, with tees providing additional berthage for overseas vessels. Wharf now 474m. long and 12m. wide. Bush, Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline (intro); Axford, 1971; Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland. p Auckland s first station, a simple wooden structure, is constructed at Point Britomart, near the present intersection of Anzac Avenue and Beach Road. Railway opened linking Wynyard Pier and the port of Onehunga. Salmond, 1989 Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Auckland Harbour Board Act enables Board to borrow 150,000 to finance reclamation in the shallow reaches of Commercial Bay. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, November 1992:3 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 23

26 c1876 Cutting back of Point Britomart commences. Barr,1926 pg Reclamation Mechanics Bay from Railway Bridge, Parnell, to Point Britomart (No.2 on AHB Reclamations plan). Pt. Dunlop (later renamed St Barnabas Point) cut back c St Barnabas Point named after the Anglican church, which once stood there but was later moved to Mt Eden. Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd Reclamation Freeman s Bay Hardinge Street to Patteson Street. (No.3 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Reclamation Queen Street to Albert Street. (No.4 on AHB Reclamations plan). Nelson Street to Hardinge Street (No. 6 on plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology August opening of the Auckland Graving Dock at the foot of Hobson Street. Built to facilitate ship repairs, it served the port until 1913 when it was abandoned and the site filled in. Axford,1971: Reclamation Albert Street to Nelson Street. (No.5 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Reclamation Auckland Graving Dock (No.7 on AHB Reclamations plan). Blackett s Building, Queen Street, corner Shortland Street (Richard Keals and Sons) is built for South British Insurance Co. Fourth Storey, designed by Edward Bartley, added in Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p.32; NZHPT website Blackett s Building. Early 1880s Economic boom many of the buildings associated with the Customs Street historic area constructed around this time (or during the economic revival of the late 1890s). HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:13 (Customs St East Historic Area). 1880s Timber Merchants such as Leyland O Brien and the Kauri Timber Company established on reclaimed land in the vicinity of Freemans Bay. Prior to that, the land between the saltwater baths and Halsey Street was occupied by coal merchants, asphalters, boatbuilders, screwcutters, fishmongers, varnish makers and founders and blacksmiths. The remainder of Smale s Point is cut down to allow Albert Street to extend to the wharf area. Clough, Hill and Prince, 2003:2 Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 24

27 February The Auckland City Council s Saltwater Baths, constructed at the northern end of Hardinge Street, jutting out beyond the reclamation into the harbour are first opened to the public. These later replaced by freshwater baths in Albert Street. Clough, Hill and Prince, 2003: Auckland Timber Company, Fanshawe Street. NZHPT website Four storey masonry building, constructed. Head office of the Auckland Timber Company, the Kauri Timber Company and Butler Brothers Limited. Closed Built on reclaimed land with a tall basalt wall behind to retain cliff and linked by an overbridge to saw mills on the foreshore Imperial Hotel (Architects - Edward Mahoney and Sons), corner Queen and Fort Streets. Part of the site occupied by a hotel since the 1860s. Present building incorporates earlier structures from 1862 and 1873 (extending eastwards as far as Fort Lane). Situated on reclaimed land on the site of the early foreshore, as are the other heritage buildings on the seaward side of Fort Street. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p.26; NZHPT website Imperial Hotel (former) [details the history of this complex] July A contract is let for a new brick railway station building on a site in lower Queen Street. The first of two large gasometers is built on the corner of Franklin Rd and College Hill. First Horse-drawn trams. Mahoney, Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland. p.11 Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Opening of new railway station. This as a result of No 8 reclamation (see below). Mahoney, May Census: Auckland s population 64,063. NZH, 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ) Reclamation Railway Station (No.8 on Auckland Harbour Board Reclamations plan). N.Z. Frozen Meat Company (No.9 on plan). During the process of this work Point Britomart completely demolished and Emily Place graded to form a thoroughfare to Customs Street and Beach Road. Fill from Britomart used for reclamation of Freeman s, Commercial, Official and Mechanics Bay ( ). Barr,1926: and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 25

28 continued By completion of reclamation (No. 8) the area of Quay Street formed a wide dock running from Breakwater Road (Britomart Place) past Queen Street to the Harbour Board offices. Quay St. completed in stages by c Land subsequently made available to heavy industry, engineering, boiler making, shipbuilding and processing. Reclamation No. 8 facilitated better access between the commercial activities which centred upon Queen Street and the industrial enterprises of Mechanics Bay. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:3-4 (Quay St Historic Area). HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:11 (Customs St East Historic Area) Reclamation - Freemans Bay - Drake Street to Patteson Street. (No.10 on AHB Reclamations plan). Construction of Freeman s Hotel 2 4 Drake Street. (Edward Mahoney & Sons architects). Now known as The Drake. Rob Roy Hotel corner Franklin / Victoria Street West / Drake Street opened (Edward Mahoney & Sons architects). Later known as The Birdcage. Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:23; Ponsonby Heritage Walks. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:62; Ponsonby Heritage Walks Reclamation Freeman s Bay Auckland Gas Co. site (Beaumont Street). (No.11 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Customs House constructed 22 Customs Street West, corner Albert Street. Architect Thomas Mahoney. Substantial addition at rear in 1909 providing another 60 rooms for various Government departments. Building vacated 1970s. (Converted to a duty free shopping arcade in the late 1990s and now houses the DFS Galleria and shops). Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.) p.21 Northern Roller Mills, 65 Fort Street. Company formed to acquire and run the city flour mills of J.C. Firth and John Lamb. Land acquired by Lamb in After Mr. Lamb s death, in 1889, Auckland Roller Mills merged with Firth s Eight Hour Mill trading under the name Northern Roller Mills. (Now numbered 71B and substantially modified). Stone, 1973:76 NZH, 1/8/2001:E12 Note- 1 storey brick building to the north-east (not researched at this stage but possibly part of the original mill complex). See also for Silo Building The superstructure of the Parnell bridge and viaduct is partly renewed in iron and some masonry piers are raised. NZHPT, BDG Dilworth Terrace houses (Thomas Mahoney) built as a rental investment by the Dilworth Trust. Shaw, 2003:44 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 26

29 1890s 1900 Jacob s Ladder 99 steps at the end of Waitemata Street, St Marys Bay built for easier access to boatyards. Originally built from Kauri but replaced in Reclamation Freeman s Bay The main bay is filled in using the earth cut back from Point Acheron. (No.12 on AHB Reclamations plan). Point Acheron (earlier known as Pt Fisher) originally a headland pa called Te To On completion of Freemans Bay reclamation, the 23 acre area is leased to the City Council which develops it into a recreation area (Victoria Park). The present day Drake Street, which runs along the former cliff line, was once the mail centre for Freeman s Bay. Drake Street originally extended up as far as the intersection with Nelson Street. (shown on Mitchell & Seffern s 1867 map). Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:331 (photo 1900). Bay News, July, Barr,1926; Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.) Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. U of A - Business History Project Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd Introduction of electric tram services resulting in suburban development. Network built between 1899 and Construction of Auckland Electric Tramway Company (AET) building. Foster and Co (ship chandlers), Fanshawe Street, now occupies this building. Ponsonby Cruising Club builds boatshed at St Marys Bay. Clubrooms follow in Club becomes a social and recreational focal point for many Ponsonby families. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009.; Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland: 6 Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: By this time Customs Street is acknowledged as one of the city s most important commercial streets. Warehouses and stores provide for a variety of imports and exports. Of the grander buildings situated on the northern side of the street, many owe their existence to the revival in gold mining after Produce merchants well represented following intensification of farming in the Waikato after the 1880s, while some general merchants act as brokers for the extractive industries i.e., kauri gum and flax. Many of these merchants had stately residences in Princes Street. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:11, 12, 13, 14 (Customs St East Historic Area) Auckland Gasworks Company s new gasworks development in Beaumont Street. Fill from the 5.2 ha. excavation used by AHB in the Western Reclamation Project. Victorian Italianate Administration Building at 90 Beaumont St. still standing. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.) p Heritage Buildings in Britomart Precinct. (This precinct takes in buildings covered by both the Quay St East and Customs St East historic areas originally proposed by NZHPT in 1992 and subsequently registered). Clough, 1996.; See also SRA conservation plans for area. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 27

30 1904 Reclamation St George s Bay (section). (No.15 on AHB Reclamations plan). Originally named Cooper s Bay after the first Colonial Treasurer, George Cooper. Its Maori name is Te Wai o Taikehu meaning waters of Taikehu. The AHB, acting on the advice of its Engineer, Mr W.H. Hamer, adopts a scheme of Harbour Works which entail a complete revision of berthing accommodation including a series of wharves to be built at right angles to or inclined about 66 degrees from the Quay Street frontage. A policy of permanent construction (plain or reinforced concrete) is approved. The adoption of Hamer s Plan leads to the Auckland Harbour Board Loan & Empowering Act 1904, its subsequent amendment in 1905, and another in Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. Ports of Auckland Handbook, 1926:41; HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:21, 22 (Harbour Board Historic Area). The Hamer Plan was highly influential in shaping the present waterfront Completion of Auckland Municipal Destructor, in Victoria Street West, marking the beginning of formal rubbish collection and disposal in the city. Plant closed 1972 and, in 1983, converted to Victoria Park Market. Official opening of Victoria Park. Caretaker s cottage corner Halsey and Fanshawe Street. Reclamation begins Freeman s Bay North of Victoria Park. (see 1917 for details). Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:46-47; Ponsonby Heritage Walks. Ponsonby Heritage Walks. Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology 1907 By this time a series of brick buildings, dating from , HZHPT, Report on had been constructed along Quay Street East fronting onto the Proposed Historic wharves. Predominant use engineering, storage and shipping Areas, Nov.1992: 4-7 (Quay St Historic merchants. Some of these buildings still exist today thereby Area). preserving the original port character of the area. The historic area extends along the south side of the original Quay Street East with the eastern end defined by the Wharf Police Station (previously Head Office for the Colonial Sugar Company 1903) and the western end by Endeans Building (1905, but completely rebuilt in the 1920s following destruction by fire in 1913). Contract let for Queen s Wharf reinforced concrete (first structure to be built according to Hamer s scheme). Western side in use by Included the new (Eastern) Ferry Tee completed HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:22 (Customs St East Historic Area). 26 September New Zealand proclaimed a Dominion. NZH, 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ) Reclamation Hobson Street, including solid portion of Hobson Street Wharf. (No.14 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 28

31 The end of Hobson Street is opened as a town tip. Filling is deposited from excavation works around the city. Subsequently, Albert Wharf and a vehicular ferry landing are constructed. Salmond, 1989b (2.1) 1908 The Railway Wharf is replaced by Kings Wharf the first ferro-concrete wharf to be built in Auckland. U of A - Business History Project Parnell Bridge superstructure is replaced by a 39m. doubleintersection Warren truss and the viaduct superstructure is also replaced. NZHPT, BDG Reclamation Mechanics' Bay from Railway embankment to Old King s Drive (No.13 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Reclamation Northern Wharf (Marsden) and approach (No.16 on AHB Reclamations plan). Marsden Wharf, named after Samuel Marsden, completed Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan; Red Fence Heritage Walk Campbell Free Kindergarten opened by Sir John Logan Campbell, Victoria Street West. Ponsonby Heritage Walks Point Erin, (Te Koraenga or Oka meaning the headland or the place of burning ) is purchased for a park. Originally part of Campbell s estate. Opened in December. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:53; NZH, 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ) (Some of the original pathway system and steps down cliff which accessed Shelly Beach and baths possibly still intact). Architect T.W. May designs shop, offices and a warehouse, for Arthur Yates Company, 13 Albert Street. The interconnected buildings are among Auckland s earliest steel-framed structures. Wright s Building, 20 Fort Street (Architect Thomas Mahoney) constructed for receiving and forwarding agents, A.B. Wright and Sons. Early example of Chicago architectural style. Reflects city s role as significant commercial centre in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Shed 11, (Queen s Wharf), erected. SRA Yates Building Conservation Plan Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p.35; NZHPT website Wright s Building. Red Fence Heritage Walk Chief Post Office at 12 Queen Street, constructed (now Britomart Transport Centre). Originally backed onto the site of the 1885 railway station. New Zealand Post vacated building in Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.):22. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 29

32 Reclamation St George s Bay from St George s Bay Road (No.18 on AHB Reclamations plan). Former NZ Loan and Mercantile Warehouse, 124 The Strand, Parnell, corner St Georges Bay Road. (Now the Saatchi and Saatchi Building) is built on the earlier 1904 reclaimed land Ferry building on Quay Street completed. Designed by architect Alexander Wiseman appointed in December Opening of Shelly Beach salt water baths. First Auckland pool to have mixed bathing. Part of a new City Council policy for building municipal swimming pools. A.B. Wright and Sons, Fort St., acquire the two-storey building immediately to the west built c for forwarding agent Franz Scherff. Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (nod.):20. Axford, 1971:73 Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:143 NZHPT website Wright s Building The City Council commences the formation of Fanshawe Street and the kerbing, draining, and metalling of Beaumont Street. Waterfront Strike November The strikers assembled at Victoria Park with some of them marching down College Hill to the park. AHB, Annual Report, Engineer s Report, Jan.,1914 (see also SRA Wynyard Point Character Building Study) Heritage Themes Mapping Auckland Central Area October Reclamation Customs Street, east of Julian s Wall (Fanshawe Street). (No.20 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan. Hobson Street (Markets Area) (No.21 on plan) The area of allotments north of the new Fanshawe Street is ready for leasing on 6 February. The street is officially used for the first time on 21 September. 13 March - Queen s wharf completed. Both Queen s and King s wharves had two rows of cargo sheds, movable electric cranes and deeply dredged channels. AHB, Annual Report, Engineer s Report, Jan.,1915 Axford, 1971:81; NZH, 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ) 18 March Anzac Avenue Improvement Scheme approved by City Council. 21 December Auckland Municipal Fish market opened. Parnell Baths (salt water) opened in Judges Bay, for 1914/1915 summer season. Shed 10, (Queen s Wharf), erected. December- Tepid Baths opened. Albert St Baths closed July Red Fence Heritage Walk. Clough, Hill and Prince, 2003:1 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 30

33 c.1914 Millar Paterson & Co Ltd, (Brass, Bronze, Aluminium Founders) relocate to 1 Halsey Street. Established in 1903, it is the oldest family- run business in Freeman s Bay. Exterior of building virtually unchanged. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:349 (also photo) Reclamation Mechanics' Bay from the old to new King s Drive (No.19 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan. New Kings Drive an extension of Quay Street running to Campbell s Point Reclamation Auckland Graving Dock site (No.22 on AHB Reclamations plan). Brick-based single storey shelter sheds with Marseilles tiled roofs constructed on Quay Street. Moved to present position in Western Tide Deflector. War Memorial Beacon, Princes Wharf, erected to honour AHB staff who served in WWI. Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:22; 23 (Harbour Board Historic Area). Red Fence Heritage Walk Reclamation St George s Bay from Campbell s Point. (No.23 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Reclamation Freeman s Bay North of Victoria Park. This rectangular section of the Western reclamation is bounded by Halsey Street, Fanshawe Street, Jellicoe Street and the western edge of the reclamation comprising an approximate area of 69 ¼ acres. Western part filled with sandstone from Gas Co s cliff; the remaining portion by means of the suction dredger. (No.17 on AHB Reclamations plan). Several heritage buildings are still standing in this block, for example the Sanford Building in Jellicoe Street. Barr, 1926:150 and accompanying plan. SRA Wynyard Point Character Building Study 1917 Completion of Quay Street Landing and Central Wharf. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:23 (Harbour Board Historic Area). Formation of Anzac Avenue. Axford, 1971: Jackson and Russell s Building (Daniel B. Paterson), 23 Shortland Street. Housing a range of professional practices, its construction reflects a change in the area from residential and commercial warehousing to established business district. City Markets, occupying an entire city block bounded by Customs Street West, Market Lane, Sturdee Street, Packenham Street East and Market Place. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p.36 Bush, 1971:153 2 April - Auctioneers commence operations. (No longer used for that purpose.) WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 31

34 Reclamation East of Electric Power Station [on the northern side of King s Drive] (No.24 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology 1919 Plans for Princes Wharf approved. This replaces the old wooden Hobson Wharf at the foot of Hobson St. Archives NZ, Wellington. M, 1, Record 4/945. Playground at Victoria Park featuring a wading pool, sandpits, fountain, fishpond and bubble fountain. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Princes Wharf under construction. Archives NZ, Wellington. M, 1, Record 4/945. The reinforced concrete Wynyard Wharf (originally Western Wharf) constructed. Captain Cook Wharf. Named for Captain James Cook. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.) Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Reclamation Eastern Reclamation No 1 (No.25 on AHB Reclamations plan). [North of King s Drive vicinity of present day Jellicoe Wharf] Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology 1923 July Anzac Avenue and Beach Road improvements completed. Bush, 1971: April Private bus competition with trams commences. Bush, 1971: May Official opening of Princes Wharf. The opening also marks the retirement of W.H. Hamer as Harbour Board Engineer. Ornate cast iron lamp stands with gates and fences erected HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:23 (Harbour Board Historic Area); Red Fence Heritage Walk. 28 October A portion of Wynyard Wharf collapses. AHB, Annual Report, Jan., Plans for the reconstruction of the collapsed 240ft. of the Western (Wynyard) Wharf and extension for an additional 345 ft. are prepared. Allocation of berthage for bulk oil steamers makes the extension necessary. AHB, Annual Report, Jan., Red railings and gates separating port area from Street progressively installed in several contracts. Installation interrupted by 1913 waterfront confrontation. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.); Red Fence Heritage Walk. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 32

35 Reclamation Prince s Wharf approach (No.27 on AHB Reclamations plan). Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Reclamation Eastern Reclamation No 2 (Campbell s Point). (No.26 on AHB Reclamations plan). Campbell s Point was named after Sir John Logan Campbell ( ) whose house, Kilbryde, was built on the point in1881 (demolished in 1924). The point itself cut down to allow for the construction of Tamaki Drive and the Britomart to Westfield railway line. Also for Gladstone Road to connect directly with the Strand. Barr,1926:150 and accompanying plan at end of chronology Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd.; Stone, De Brett s Hotel (Wade and Bartley) built on the corner of Shortland and High Streets site of two earlier hotels destroyed by fire. The original Commercial Hotel having been built in Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p Dilworth Building Queen Street and 5 Customs Street. Originally intended to be one of two similar buildings flanking entrance to Queen St. Architects Gummer and Ford. Top floor home to Dilworth Trust for many years. During WWII housed U.S. Army H.Q. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p Building designed for Yorkshire Insurance Company [now General Buildings] constructed on the corner of Shortland and O Connell Streets. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p Construction of the South British Insurance Building, 5 13 Shortland Street. Designed by R.F. Draffin, the nine storey building is one of Auckland s first high rises and reflects the city s growth as a financial centre. South British occupied the building until 1982 when the firm amalgamated with New Zealand Insurance. Lies on the site of an 1842 homestead March Plans for the proposed 130,000 viaduct, to connect Western Wharf and reclamation with the main harbour works, are approved by the AHB. 27 April Construction of viaduct commences from Prince s Wharf end. AHB has authorised work of the eastern portion as far as the lifting span. 17 Dec. Construction of Western Section of the viaduct is authorised. The old Albert Wharf and the wooden ferry tees are demolished to make way for the new viaduct. This forces the relocation of the Launchman's Building (now NZ National Maritime Museum). The planned lift bridge will enable the line of Quay Street to continue through to Freemans Bay. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.), p.35; NZHPT website South British Insurance Building (former). NZH, 20/3/1929:15 NZH, 6/5/1929:13 AHB Annual Report, Year ended 30 Sept 1930 Salmond 1989b (2.2); HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:23 (Harbour Board Historic Area). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 33

36 Northern part of Western Reclamation is completed (tank farm). AHB Annual Report, Years ended 30 Sept November The new Auckland Railway Station, designed by architects Gummer and Ford, is officially opened. Situated on Beach Road. Salmond, Tenders are received and a Contract let to the Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co. Ltd., Darlington, England for the supply of the Rolling Lift Bridge. Construction of Station Hotel, 131 Beach Rd June - The Rolling Lift Bridge is opened for traffic establishing road and rail connection between Quay Street West and the Western Reclamation. AHB Annual Report, Year ended 30 Sept NZHPT website Station Hotel (former) NZH, 3/6/1932: Construction of Hamer Street on the Western Reclamation commences and is completed by the end of September. Work starts on Brigham Street. Both are Relief work contracts employing unemployed waterside workers. The two streets are tarred and sanded by August AHB, Annual Report, November 1933; ACC survey of slum housing declares that 35% of Freeman s Bay houses unfit for human habitation. Slum clearances see Development of suburban state housing areas in the 1930s as means of improving living conditions. Broadcasting Buildings, 74 Shortland Street Architects Norman Wade and Alva Bartley. Originally built for 1YA, converted to TV studio in Played a significant part in the development of radio and television in NZ. In 2000 taken over by University of Auckland Performing Arts School [Kenneth Myers Centre - also houses the Gus Fisher Gallery and the University s art collection]. Ponsonby Heritage Walks; Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009 Central City Art Deco Walk (2 nd Edition) University Heritage Trail, Municipal Bus Station built on site of 1885 Railway station. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October International commercial flights to New Zealand are inaugurated by a Pan-American flying boat. The air service is based at Mechanics Bay until the end of 1960 when the last flying boat is withdrawn from service. Watson, 1996:179 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 34

37 March Official opening of the 500 ft. long Hobson Wharf. Also three storage sheds. NZH, 15/3/1939: A breakwater had been built by the Harbour Board along the St Mary s reef c.1918 and, by 1940, the area dredged and a seawall built. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: (Since the 1940s a number of other reclamations have occurred and Westhaven Marina, is now one of the largest in Australasia). April - Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL) commences flying boat service to Australia from Mechanics Bay. October The Richmond Yacht Club moves to its new art deco building, designed by Norman Wade, in Westhaven. Originally established in 1903 in Cox s Bay. Victoria Cruising Club, formed 1903 by a breakaway group from the Ponsonby Cruising Club, moves to new clubrooms on the new sea wall at Westhaven. Watson, 1996:179 Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: Jean Batten State Building, corners 16 Shortland St, 9 Fort and Jean Batten Place Steel-framed stone faced structure designed by Government Architec, John Thomas Mair. Central City Art Deco Walk (2 nd Edition) Named after New Zealand s celebrated aviatrix. (Façade of this historic building now incorporated into new development of the BNZ.) Northern Roller Mills (Wheat silo), Fort Street. Silo built by Fletcher Construction during the war years. Fully operational until 2000 when Australian owners Goodman Fielder closed three of its New Zealand mills. (Now substantially modified redeveloped as apartments and accessed from 23 Emily Place.) Central City Art Deco Walk (2 nd Edition) Harbour Board Workshops, I Hobson Street & 204 Quay Street, Viaduct Quay. For Harbour Board maintenance staff to work on dredges, tugs and launches. (Now restaurants and offices.) HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:24 (Harbour Historic Area) An area of land (2 hectares) immediately west of what was to become the Lighter Basin is reclaimed. Construction of Export Wharf (Bledisloe). Commenced during war and completed immediately after. Designed for frozen export cargo. Reclamation No.35 from which the wharf extends, commenced in ACC Heritage File Rolling Lift Bridge. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009; Waitemata Harbour Study, October 1973 (Fig.4). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 35

38 c.1946 Maori Community Centre corner Fanshawe and Halsey Streets (now demolished), a converted war depot building which acted as an urban marae and music venue for Maori. Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline nd Roading at the northern end of Hamer and Brigham Streets is changed to accommodate the adjustment of various Oil Company leaseholds. Also a portion of Daldy Street is closed to permit re-arrangement of Oil Company leases. An area of 9 acres 2 roods and 3 perches is reclaimed at the eastern end of Pakenham Street. These changes can be seen in the 1958 aerial AHB, Annual Report, May, 1950; 1958 Aerial Photograph, Collection, ACC Mapping and Design AHB calls for tenders for construction of the Import Wharf (Jellicoe) parallel to the Export (Bledisloe) Wharf on the Eastern reclamation. Jellicoe Wharf completed 1952 (reclamation No 38) Slum clearances begin in Freemans Bay. An area bounded by Union, Drake and Fanshawe Streets is designated as an industrial zone. Policy of urban reclamation implemented continuing until Large numbers of residents displaced. TEAL begins flights, out of Mechanics Bay, on the Coral Route to Fiji, Samoa, the Cook Islands and Tahiti. U of A - Business History Project; Waitemata Harbour Study, October 1973 (Fig.4). Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008:16; Ponsonby Heritage Walks. Watson, 1996: The eastern and southern borders of the Lighter Basin are reclaimed (3 hectares). ACC Heritage File Rolling Lift Bridge Work on approaches to Harbour Bridge begins. Beach at St Mary s Bay and Shelly Beach destroyed in the process. An extra 3.5 ha. reclaimed for expansion of motorway. Development of motorway network in general, during the 1950s and 1960s, had a devastating effect on the more immediate suburbs such as Freemans Bay, which was subsequently redeveloped for Council town housing. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: pp.17,148,149, 331; Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Construction of the four lane wide Auckland Harbour Bridge. Officially opened 30 May Designed by UK Engineers, Freeman Fox and Partners, and built by the Cleveland Bridge Company and Dorman Long. Facilitates rapid connection between North Shore and central city. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.); Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Freyberg Wharf completed. Reclamation No. 43 carried out between U of A Business History Project; Waitemata Harbour Study, October 1973 (Fig.4). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 36

39 1962 December Pt Erin Baths built to replace Shelley Beach baths which had been closed in 1956 to make way for the Harbour Bridge. Ponsonby Cruising Club moves to its new clubrooms on the Westhaven sea wall. These replace the St Mary s Bay premises demolished in Motorway extension built through Victoria Park Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (formed c. 1851) moves to its second base in one of Westhaven s original buildings. Later (1976) it takes over the entire building. Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: ; 150 Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Carlyon, and Morrow, 2008: June Auckland s population reaches 500,000. Axford, 1971: Four acres reclaimed in Viaduct Basin (area now known as Waitemata Plaza) to provide.land for expansion of the City Markets and a new road connecting Customs Street West to Fanshawe Street. AHB Year Book, Year ended 30 Sept 1963: Auckland Harbour Bridge Nippon Clip-ons add an extra 4 lanes Beginning of massive redevelopment programme for the waterfront. Buildings include: Air New Zealand House; the City Council s Customs Street West car park and the 14 storey Travelodge Hotel. New businesses and shopping facilities adjacent to wharves and shipping transform the waterfront Reclamation (No 45) and construction of Axis Fergusson Container Terminal (completed 1971). 23 June 1971 First container ship to visit terminal heralds new era of containerised cargo. A giant Twin-lift crane is assembled on the waterfront for use at the new terminal. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland. Axford, 1971:133. Waitemata Harbour Study, October 1973 (Fig.4). Red Fence Heritage Walk; Axford, 1971: West Plaza Building designed by the architectural partnership of Price Adams Dodd. SRA West Plaza Conservation Plan February - Official opening of Queen Elizabeth Square. Bush, 1991: Bledisloe and Kings Wharves amalgamated and redeveloped to make the Bledisloe Wharf (now Axis Bledisloe container terminal) 10 July Sinking of Greenpeace ship, Rainbow Warrior at Marsden Wharf, by French Government agents. U of A - Business History Project Red Fence Heritage Walk. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 37

40 Ferry Building on Quay Street renovated and strengthened. Extra floor added. Building converted to shops and offices. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland (n.d.): Ports of Auckland Ltd (POAL) buy AHB s land and assets and take control of port s commercial operations. Train tracks removed from Quay Street. This had been one of the few areas in the world to have had goods trains and vehicular traffic travelling on the same street. The Auckland Maritime Trust Board incorporates Hobson Wharf into the New Zealand National Maritime Museum U of A - Business History Project HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, Nov.1992:24 (Harbour Board Historic Area). Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland Dec: Board of NZHPT resolve to list Quay St Historic Area, classifying it under Section 49 of the Historic Places Act HPT, BDG Rolling Lift Bridge decommissioned. ARC / Auckland City (signage on bridge) 1996 Ports of Auckland sell 18 ha. of real estate around the Viaduct Basin, for $75 million, to a NZ based consortium led by Tramco Holdings. NZH, 9/3/1996, Sec.1: April Fletcher Construction (Engineering Division) are given the task of constructing facilities for America s Cup Design Consultant Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd. America s Cup provides impetus for redevelopment of the western part of Auckland waterfront, previously dominated by port activities (which move east). Increase in both residential and retail use. Fletcher Construction Company website. Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October Demolition of Western Viaduct (Ward Demolition). Ward Demolition website October Construction of Britomart begins. A tunnel has been completed to provide an underground link to the new station. Wikipedia Britomart Transport Centre July Opening of the Britomart Transport Centre by Sir Edmund Hillary. Services from the old Auckland Station are reduced to a few excursion trains from the original platform 7 which is renamed The Strand. NZH, 15/1/2009:A2; Wikipedia Britomart Transport Centre. Subsequent to the opening of the Britomart Transport Centre part of Queen Elizabeth Square has been given over to the bus network with new shelters. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 38

41 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 39 BARR 1926

42 APPENDIX 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 40

43 Bibliography Published: Auckland City Heritage Walks: Auckland s Original Shoreline, (n.d.). Auckland City, Heart of Auckland City with assistance from Ngati Paoa and Ngati Whatua (referenced as ACHW in chronology). Auckland City Heritage Walks: Downtown, Midtown, Uptown (n.d.). Auckland City, Heart of Auckland City, New Zealand Historic Places Trust and Tourism Auckland with assistance from Ngati Whatua o Orakei. Auckland Harbour Board Annual Reports, (Engineers Reports). Auckland Harbour Board Official Handbook, 1920, Plans showing Wharves, Berths, Sheds etc. Axford, Edward, The Story of Auckland in Pictures: Auckland City Council Centenary Auckland, Wilson & Horton Ltd. Barnett, Stephen, A Picture Book of Old Auckland. Auckland, Ross in association with paper dart productions. Barr, John, The Ports of Auckland New Zealand: A History of the Discovery and Development of the Waitemata and Manukau Harbours. Auckland, Unity Press. Bush, G.W.A., Decently and in Order: The Centennial History of the Auckland City Council. Auckland, Collins. Bush, G.W.A., Advance in Order: The Auckland City Council from Centenary to Reorganisation Auckland, Auckland City Council. Cameron, Ewen, Hayward, Bruce and Murdoch, Graeme, A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region s Natural and Historic Heritage. Auckland, Random House. Carlyon, Jenny and Morrow, Diana Urban Village: The Story of Ponsonby, Freemans Bay and St Mary s Bay. Auckland, Random House. Central City Art Deco Walk, Art Deco Society (Auckland Inc) Second Edition 2001, Chapmans NZ Almanac, 1863, 1873 Cyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1902: Vol. 2, Auckland. Christchurch, The Cyclopaedia Company. Heritage Walks, the Engineering Heritage of Auckland, (n.d.). A pamphlet produced by Tourism Auckland on the initiative of the Auckland Heritage Engineering Committee of IPENZ. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 41

44 Hodgson, Terence, The Heart of Colonial Auckland Auckland, Random Century. Johnson, David, Auckland by the Sea: 100 Years of Work and Play. Auckland, David Bateman. McLean, Gavin, Historic Places in New Zealand. Auckland, Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers Ltd. Main, William, Auckland Through a Victorian Lens. Wellington, Millwood Press Mahoney, J.D., Down at the Station: A Study of the New Zealand Railway Station. Palmerston North, The Dunmore Press Ltd. Monin, Paul, This is My Place: Hauraki Contested Wellington, Bridget Williams Books. Platts, Una, The Lively Capital: Auckland Christchurch: Avon Fine Prints. Ponsonby Heritage Walks (n.d.) Brochure produced by Ponsonby Road Promotions with support from Western Bays Community Board. Ports of Auckland Handbook, 1926 (in AHB Archives). Reed, A.W., Auckland, City of the Seas. Wellington, A. H. & A.W. Reed. Shaw, Peter, 2003 (third edition). A History of New Zealand Architecture. Auckland, Hodder Moa Beckett. Stewart, G, Auckland before the Harbour Bridge, Wellington, Grantham House Publishing. Stone, R. C. J., Makers of Fortune, A Colonial Business Community and its Fall Auckland, Auckland University Press / Oxford University Press. Stone, R.C.J., From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland. Auckland, Auckland University Press. Stone, R.C.J., Logan Campbell s Auckland: Tales from the Early Years. Auckland, Auckland University Press. Swainson, W., Auckland, the Capital of New Zealand. Auckland, Wilson & Horton (facsimile ed. 1971). The University Heritage Trail: Architectural and Historic Attractions, A pamphlet published by the University of Auckland Business School, Watson, James, Links: A History of Transport and New Zealand Society. Wellington, GP Publications in association with the Ministry of Transport. Wolfe, Richard, Auckland, a Pictorial History. Auckland, Random House. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 42

45 Unpublished Reports, Manuscripts and Archival Material: Archives New Zealand, Wellington. M, 1, Record 4/945. Auckland Harbour New Hobson Wharf, reclamations for Princes Wharf Auckland Harbour Board Auckland Central Area, Heritage Themes Mapping, October 2009 Draft Confidential. Prepared for Auckland City Council by Boffa Miskell. ACC 1995 Auckland City Central Area Urban Design Assessment, Working Document May 1995 (prepared by D. J. Scott and Barry Rae Consultants and others) ACC Heritage File Rolling Lift Bridge. Auckland City Council, Auckland s Historical Background. Auckland City Council City Development Section / Town Planning Division NZ Clough, Rod, Britomart Transport Terminal Project: Archaeological Assessment, Site R11/1379. Prepared by Clough & Associates Ltd. for Auckland City Council. Clough Rod, Hill, Kate and Prince, Don Fanshawe Street, Auckland Archaeological Monitoring. Prepared by Clough & Associates Ltd. for Newcrest Holdings Limited. Clough, Rod and Hill, Kate Viaduct Basin Stormwater Diversion: Archaeological Assessment. Prepared by Clough & Associates Ltd. for Harbour Edge Development Group. Clough R. and Mace, T Harbour Bridge to City : Assessment of Environmental Effects Heritage for Transit New Zealand and Beca Infrastructure Ltd. Historic Places Trust Files HZHPT, BDG-105 Launchman s Building. NZHPT, BDG 1045 Railway Bridge and Viaduct, Parnell Rise. HZHPT, BDG-164 Quay Street Buildings Vol. II. HZHPT, Report on Proposed Historic Areas, November Recommending that they be Classified under Section 49 of the Historic Places Act 1980: Customs Street East Historic Area; Harbour Board Historic Area and Quay Street Historic Area. [These areas now registered]. McLean, Martin, Auckland : A Demographic and Housing Study of the City s Earliest European Settlement. Regional Archaeology Unit, Auckland for Science and Research. Internal Report 33 (unpublished). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 43

46 Salmond Reed Architects Ltd Archives Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, Auckland Railway Station: A Conservation Plan. Salmond Reed Architects Ltd Britomart Precinct Various Conservation Plans Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, 1989b. Launchman's Building Conservation Plan. Salmond Reed Architects Ltd Learning Quarter Campus Heritage Buildings Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, St Pauls Church Symonds Street Conservation Plan Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, Tank Farm Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, Viaduct Heritage Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, West Plaza Conservation Plan Salmond Reed Architects Ltd, Yates Building Conservation Plan Waitemata Harbour Study Preliminary Report on Fill. Prepared by Engineers Department, Auckland Harbour Board, October Newspapers and Periodicals: Bay News, July, (in Ponsonby History File, Leys Institute, Auckland Libraries) New Zealand Herald: 23/2/1885:5; 13/11/1923:42 (Notable Events ); 20/3/1929:15; 6/5/1929:13; 3/6/1932:11; 15/3/1939:15; 9/3/1996, Sec.1:1; 15/1/2009:A2; Websites: University of Auckland Business History Project -Website Fletcher Construction Company website. (See also SRA Viaduct) Ward Demolition website. (See also SRA Viaduct) Wikipedia Britomart Transport Centre. NZHPT online WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 44

47 More Research Needed: Drake Street (and vicinity) Point Erin Area and Westhaven. Fanshawe Street northern side and cliff steps leading up to Hardinge Street. Site of old gas works etc. Block on seaward side of Fort Street between, and including, Commerce and Gore Sts (On early reclamation). WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 45

48 APPENDIX 3 MAPS and PLANS WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 46

49 Maps and Plans Felton Mathew (Surveyor General) Published in Plan of the Town of Auckland in the Island of New-Ulster or Northern Island of New Zealand. APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map [shows original streams]. 1842, Plan of Auckland as it Stood in 1842 (Una Platts, 1971:41 from a photocopy of a redrawn plan, origin unknown). McLean, Martin, Auckland : A Demographic and Housing Study of the City s Earliest European Settlement. Regional Archaeology Unit, Auckland for Science and Research. Internal Report 33 (unpublished). [This study has plans showing allotment ownership in the inner city area for the above years useful for more in-depth research]. Heaphy, Charles, 1851 Plan of the Town Of Auckland. APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 816. (includes names of original crown grant purchasers). British Admiralty Chart/s, 1857 and later (see Johnson 1988:2; 15; 36). Kinder, John, c Freehand Map of Auckland (Una Platts, 1971: ) Pulmans Register Map of the City of Auckland 1863, APL (George Grey Special Collections) NZ Map Alma Place, Freemans Bay, APL (George Grey Special Collections). NZ Map [Allotments for sale. Shows some buildings and Drake Street on water s edge]. Ferdinand von Hochstetter, The Isthmus of Auckland with its Extinct Volcanoes. APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 5694b Vercoe and Harding, City of Auckland, New Zealand, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 18 (original) NZ Maps 1097 (copies). [shows structures from Freeman s Bay to Mechanics Bay]. Accompanying descriptive schedule (Ref file 256). Mitchell and Seffern, Directory of the City and Suburbs of Auckland for (in Carlyon and Morrow, 2008 p.24). Wise s New Zealand Directory Map of the City of Auckland, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 355. [some buildings]. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 47

50 Chanteloupe & Cooper s 1880 (?) Map of the County of Eden, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 190. Hickson, T.W., Map of the City of Auckland, New Zealand. APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 91 (original), NZ Maps 60a and 60c (copies of section showing waterfront and structures). G.T. Stevens, 1886 Bird s Eye View of Auckland, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 374. The City and Suburbs of Auckland compiled and drawn by C. Palmer, APL (George Grey Special Collections). NZ Map 2595 (colour original in bad condition). NZ Map 2594 (copy also damaged) [similar in layout to Uptons so useful for comparison]. Upton and Co. s New Map of the City and Suburbs of Auckland. c APL (George Grey Special Collections) NZ Map 198. [shows some structures]. Cleaves Map of Auckland, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 2661 [shows some commercial and institutional structures] Auckland Harbour Board : Proposed Harbour Extension. Hamer s 1904 Plan for Wharves (in Barr,1926: 72) [Original in AHB Archives. Voyager New Zealand Maritime Museum] Upton and Co. s New Map of the City and Suburbs of Auckland Enlarged and Revised, 19? APL (George Grey Special Collections) NZ Map 6618 [shows some structures. Victoria Park filled in ]. The 1908 Plan of Auckland, (66 plans plus index sheet. An amended version with an additional 8 sheets was later drawn indicating reclamations). Auckland City Archives (online). The 1908 Plan of Auckland, (manuscript state of sheet B8 showing part of St Mary s Bay). APL (George Grey Special Collections). NZ Map Auckland Harbour Board Official Handbook, 1920, Plans showing Wharves, Berths, Sheds etc. Auckland Harbour Board Reclamations plan (in Barr, John, The Ports of Auckland. Auckland, Unity Press). [Original plan in AHB Archives. Voyager New Zealand Maritime Museum] Auckland and Environs, NZ Department of Lands and Survey APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Maps 77 (sheet 4) and 78 (sheet 5). Auckland City Council Planning Map, sheet No.5A APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map [shows wharves and buildings]. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 48

51 Auckland City Council Planning Map, sheet No.5A APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map [Shortland St., Eden Cres., and railway yards]. Auckland City Council Planning Map, sheet No 4A. c APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map [Pt Erin and tank farm shows public buildings]. Auckland City Council Planning Map, sheet No 4A APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 3925 [similar to above landscape format] Auckland City Council Planning Map, sheet No 6A APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 3512 [Judges Bay and Parnell Baths] Auckland Central Area Study APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Maps: 2048, 2049 and 2055 [Freemans Bay, wharves and station yard. Shows all buildings]. Auckland Harbour Board Year Book, [eg. 1953, 1963 Plans of waterfront showing wharves and some buildings]. Waitemata Harbour Study Preliminary Report on Fill. Prepared by Engineers Department, Auckland Harbour Board, October [Has useful reclamation plans up till 1972]. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS Auckland Central, New Zealand Aerial Mapping, Sheet 1, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 2610a [Aerial Photograph Auckland City showing wharves in vicinity of Queen Street]. Auckland and Environs, New Zealand Aerial Mapping, Sheet No. 2, APL (George Grey Special Collections), NZ Map 6206 [Aerial Photograph Auckland City showing waterfront]. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 49

52 APPENDIX 4 AUCKLAND WATERFRONT PLANS WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 50

53 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 51

54 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 52

55 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 53

56 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 54

57 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 55

58 APPENDIX 5 HISTORIC IMAGES WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 56

59 . Photographer: N.M. Dubois Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 786-A014-2 Teal Park Flying Boat Base. c Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Campbells Point showing John Logan Campbell s home, Kilbryde WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 57

60 Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W254 St Georges Bay before reclamation with boatsheds and Campbells Point above Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W794 St Georges Bay after reclamation, viewed from Dilworth Terrace showing The Strand with warehouses, Campbells Point above, the railway yards and newly constructed railway overbridge in the distance WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 58

61 Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W1350 St Barnabas Point cut away, The Strand formed at its base and the DilworthTerrace houses built above Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Mechanics Bay foreshore with the Maori (Waipapa) Hostel to the right and Maori canoes on the beach. c WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 59

62 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, View across Mechanics Bay with St Barnabas Point and Church, Parnell Rise (centre), Swan Hotel and Maori Hostel (right foreground) Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, View to the east from Constitution Hill showing Mechanics Bay, Parnell Rail bridge (centre) and the nearby Swan Hotel. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 60

63 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Looking west from Parnell Rise towards Official Bay, railway bridge under construction, Wynyard Pier and Britomart Point (right), Constitution Hill, Supreme Court and St Pauls Church in background Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Official Bay from Point Britomart showing Wynyard Pier with Mechanics Bay, Parnell, St Barnabas Point and Church. In the foreground with chimneys is Dangars, which later became Fletchers Mill, then the Crown Distillery. c. 1850s WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 61

64 Photographer: unknown Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A4999 Cutting down Point Britomart surrounded by reclamation and viewed from the south east. On the skyline, St Pauls Church and to the right, The Northern Club in Princes Street Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 4-576A Removal of Point Britomart as viewed from the Queen Street Wharf with the Gore Street jetty in the middle distance, St Pauls Church on the skyline 1876 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 62

65 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Point Britomart excavation progressing to Emily Place Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Commercial Bay. View along Fort Street WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 63

66 Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W1451 Commercial Bay after reclamation. View along Quay Street showing warehouses Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W1090 Queen Street Wharf looking towards Queen Street and the City WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 64

67 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Looking north east from Smales Point across the harbour with Queen Street Wharf in centre view 1864 Photographer: Unknown Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A11393 Brickfield Bay at the foot of Nelson Street showing the first Auckland gasworks. College Hill and Ponsonby are seen in the distance. After 1865 WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 65

68 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 4-RIC127 Fanshawe Street looking towards the city. The bridge links the Kauri Timber Co. offices with the timber yard and sheds on the foreshore. Stacks of timber are visible in the left foreground. Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Fanshawe Street from Nelson Street showing the Leyland-O Brien timber yards and Waitemata Harbour WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 66

69 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, The harbourside of Fanshawe Street showing the timber sheds and booms. The Leyland-O Brien Timber Company is on the extreme right. Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Freemans Bay before the reclamation of Victoria Park. Patterson Street extends along the foreshore and Victoria Street West runs up the hill on the far left. Date unknown WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 67

70 Photographer: James D. Richardson Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Freemans Bay gasworks site before reclamation Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W1657 Freemans Bay after reclamation showing formation of Victoria Park opened To the left is the Auckland Municipal Destructor and Depot with its distinctive chimney. WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 68

71 Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W807 St Marys Bay with boatsheds and houses overlooking the bay Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W459 St Marys Bay boats and boatsheds WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 69

72 Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W215 Shelly Beach baths at the foot of Shelly Beach Road Photographer: Henry Winkelmann Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 1-W1688 Point Erin Park WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 70

73 Photographer: Auckland City Council Photo Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, Point Erin swimming baths during construction WATERFRONT AUCKLAND : A Heritage Study 71