01 Introduction. The timeline

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1 01 Introduction The pre-mechanical era The mechanical era The electromechanical era The electronic era The microelectronic era The roadmap for the next 10 years alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 1/ b.c. Pre-mechanical era [500bC 1641] Abacus Mechanical era [ ] Pascaline Electromechanical era [ ] Z1 Electronic era [ ] Colossus - ENIAC Microelectronic era [ ] Transistors, Integrated circuits Roadmap for the next 10 years alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 2/13 1

2 500 b.c. Theoretical contributions Positional numbers [3000bC] Algorithm [Al-Khowarizmi, 800] Boolean algebra [Boole, 1847] Touring machine [Touring, 1936] Game theory [Von Neumann, 1944] Switching networks [Shannon, 1938] alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 3/ b.c. Technological contributions Electricity [Franklin, 1706] Light bulb [Edison, 1879] Relays [Henry, 1835] Vacuum tubes [1900] Transistors [1947] Floppy disk [1950] Hard disk [1952] Magnetic Core memory [1956] Integrated circuits [1958] Mouse [1965] DRAM memory [1968] SRAM memory [1970] Microprocessor [1971] CD Rom [1985] alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 4/13 2

3 500 b.c. Computer architecture and communication Computer architecture Von Neumann architecture [1940] Harvard architecture [1944] Virtual memory [1959] Memory caching [1966] Instruction pipelining [Intel 386, 1985] Communication Arpanet [1969] Ethernet, LAN [1973] Internet, TCP/IP [1983] Domain Name server [1984] World Wide Web [1989] Internet providers [1993] Netscape [1994] Yahoo [1995] Wireless LAN [1997] alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 5/ b.c. Software Operating Systems Programming languages Unix OS development [1970] Unix OS marketing [1975] MS-DOS [1980] MS Window [1985] Linux [1991] MS Windows XP [2001] High-level language compiler [1951] Fortran [ ] Lisp [1958] Cobol [1959] Algol [1960] Basic [1965] Pascal [ ] Logo [1968] C [1972] Prolog [1973] BASIC for PC [Bill Gates, 1975] ADA [1979] C++ [ ] Turbo Pascal [1984] Java [ ] alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 6/13 3

4 500 b.c. Pre mechanical era alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 7/13 Mechanical era Diderot and Alambert, Encyclopedie alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 8/13 4

5 Electromechanical era Horst Zuse, The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse, alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 9/13 Electronic era alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 10/13 5

6 Microelectronic era Texas Instruments, History of innovation, alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 11/13 Roadmap for the next 10 years 2000/2001 SIA Roadmap Summary Year Unit Feature Size microns/nm Internal Clock (high performance) Mhz/Ghz Logic transistors million/cm Microprocessor million transistors/chip DRAM size Mbit/Gbit SRAM size Mbit/Gbit Voltage V dd International technology roadmap for semiconductors, Semiconductor Industry Association, alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 12/13 6

7 References Stephen White, A Brief History of Computing, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Horst Zuse, The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse, Texas Instruments, History of innovation, International technology roadmap for semiconductors, Semiconductor Industry Association, alessandro bogliolo isti information science and technology institute 13/13 7