How To Calculate A Mesothelioma Pmr For A Male In The Uk

Transcription

1 Health and Safety Executive Mesothelioma Occupation Statistics Male and female deaths aged in Great Britain Contents Introduction 2 Methods 2 Tables 3 Interpretive issues 3 Tables 5 Table 1: Highest risk* occupations for males (SOC digit codes) 5 Table 2: Highest risk* occupations for males (SOC digit) 5 Table 3: Mesothelioma PMRs for males aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) 6 Table 4: Mesothelioma PMRs for females aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) 8 Table 5: Mesothelioma PMRs for males aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) 10 Table 6: Mesothelioma PMRs for females aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) 18 Appendix 26 Calculation of PMRs 26 Table 7: Example of a PMR calculation 27 s and statistical significance 27 References 28 This document is available from Page 1 of 28

2 Introduction Mesothelioma is a formally rare form of cancer that principally affects the pleura (the external lining of the lung) and the peritoneum (the lining of the lower digestive tract) [1]. Many cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed at an advanced stage as symptoms are non specific and appear late in the development of the disease [2]. It is almost always fatal with most of those affected usually dying within twelve months of diagnosis [3]. Asbestos is responsible for causing the vast majority of mesothelioma cases in GB. There are currently about five times as many deaths in men as there are in women each year. This is largely a reflection of the fact that past asbestos exposures that caused many of these deaths tended to occur in occupational settings, and in jobs mainly held by men rather than women. Although still caused by asbestos, a minority of currently occurring female deaths are directly attributable to occupational exposures [4]. The continuing increase in annual mesothelioma deaths is a consequence of the effect of past exposures and the long latency period of the disease (i.e. the time between initial exposure to asbestos and the manifestation of mesothelioma) which is typically between 30 and 40 years. The causal link between asbestos exposure and the development of mesothelioma in humans was first reported by Wagner et al in 1960 [5] following reports of cases among asbestos workers in South Africa, and has since been confirmed by many other studies. As a consequence of the widespread use of asbestos, the incidence of mesothelioma has risen dramatically in many countries since the 1960s and rates in Great Britain are now among the highest in the world [6]. The British Mesothelioma Register was established in 1967 [1] in response to the emerging evidence about the association between asbestos and mesothelioma. By including all deaths where the cause of death on the death certificate mentions the word mesothelioma the register now provides a consistent series of mesothelioma mortality in Great Britain for over 4 decades [3]. The aim of this fact sheet is to provide updated mesothelioma mortality statistics by last recorded occupation of the deceased within Great Britain from using data from the mesothelioma register. Methods The most recent full time occupation of the deceased (i.e. the occupation at retirement or death) is routinely recorded for all deaths in Great Britain at ages For deaths occurring since 2002 recorded occupations have been classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification 2000 (SOC2000) [7]. For deaths registered after 1 April 2011, occupations have been classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification 2010 (SOC2010) [8]. For a small number of deaths in this analysis, that occurred before the end of 2010 but were registered after 1 April 2011, occupations were recoded from SOC2010 to SOC2000 using a probability matching algorithm provided by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The recorded occupations for deaths occurring prior to 2002 were classified according to earlier versions of the Standard Occupational Classification. At the time of analysis, it was not possible to create a consistent set of occupational categories between these earlier classifications and SOC2000. This updated analysis is therefore restricted to the nine-year period In this analysis, mortality in the different occupational groups is represented by Proportional Mortality Ratios (PMRs) and associated confidence intervals. A PMR for a particular occupation is the ratio of the observed number of deaths for that occupation to the expected number of deaths, with that ratio expressed as a percentage (i.e. multiplied by 100). The expected number of deaths is calculated as the number of mesothelioma deaths that would have been recorded for that occupation if the proportion of mesothelioma deaths was equal to the proportion of total deaths from all causes in that occupation. Since mesothelioma incidence is also strongly related to age, the calculation also takes account of differences in the distribution of ages between occupational groups. A worked example of how the PMR is calculated for a particular occupation is given in Appendix 1. Statistics have been calculated for both minor and unit groups of SOC2000, i.e. 3 and 4 digit codes. This document is available from Page 2 of 28

3 Tables The results of these PMR calculations are presented in Tables 1-6. Table 1 shows mesothelioma mortality for males in occupations coded to SOC2000 minor groups (3 digit codes) where the PMR was statistically significantly increased. Table 2 shows mesothelioma mortality for males in occupations coded to SOC2000 unit groups (4 digit codes) where the PMR was statistically significantly increased. For both tables occupations are ranked in descending order based on the lower limit of the confidence interval to take account of both the extent to which the PMR is increased and it s associated statistical variation. Occupations towards the top of these tables therefore constitute those that can most reliably be said to have an excess of mesothelioma deaths (compared to the average for all occupations) and are, therefore, those most likely to be reflecting an effect due to occupational asbestos exposure. Tables 3 & 4 show mesothelioma PMRs and associated confidence intervals for males and females respectively for SOC2000 minor groups (3 digit codes). Tables 4 & 5 show mesothelioma PMRs and associated confidence intervals for males and females respectively for SOC2000 unit groups (4 digit codes). Interpretive issues Statistics have been calculated for both minor and unit groups of SOC2000, i.e. 3 and 4 digit codes. The coding of occupation is likely to be more reliable at the minor group (3 digit code) level than the unit group (4 digit code) level since the recorded information about the job title on death certificates does not always give sufficient information to accurately assign a 4 digit code. In this analysis, an occupation with a Proportional Mortality Ratio greater than 100 indicates that the number of observed deaths was greater than the number expected. The corresponding confidence interval should be used to assess whether such an effect is likely to be due to random variation or a real effect that may be due to asbestos exposure associated with that occupation. Proportional Mortality Ratios summarise mortality among occupational groups relative to the average level for Great Britain as a whole. They allow comparisons of the relative frequency that different occupations are recorded as the last occupation of the deceased on mesothelioma death certificates, but do not represent absolute measures of risk. Occupations with the highest PMRs and where the lower limit of the associated confidence interval are above 100 constitute those that can most reliably be said to have an excess of mesothelioma deaths compared to the average for all occupations, and are, therefore, those most likely to be reflecting an effect due to occupational asbestos exposure. The observed number of deaths in a particular occupation does not represent the actual number of deaths that are attributable to asbestos exposures in that occupation. These analyses are limited by the fact that death certificates record only the last occupation of the deceased. A case of mesothelioma caused by work in, say, the construction industry will only be assigned to the construction work category in this analysis if the individual is still in that kind of work when they retired (or died). The long latency period of mesothelioma means that individuals may move between occupations before the onset of the disease and thus there is considerable potential for dilution of the observed difference in risk between occupations. The dilution will be even stronger for those kinds of work where there have been substantial reductions in the relevant workforce (e.g. shipyards, railway rolling stock). The occupations with the highest PMRs will be those which are genuine sources of risk, but PMRs will understate the true relative risk level. PMRs of other occupations will overstate the level of risk (if any) associated with these occupations and occupations with the lowest PMRs will be those which do not entail asbestos exposure and which are unlikely to be the final full-time occupation for individuals with asbestos exposure. It is also important to note that occupations are recorded on mesothelioma deaths certificates for deaths at ages as a matter of course, regardless of whether the deaths was caused by occupational exposure to asbestos. Recent research suggests that, while still caused by asbestos, a majority of currently occurring mesotheliomas among women (and a similar absolute number among men, though these constitute a smaller proportion of the larger male total) are not attributable to occupational or domestic asbestos exposures. Such deaths are therefore likely to be attributed to other sources of environmental asbestos exposure [4]. This evidence about non-occupational exposures is important to the interpretation of mesothelioma PMRs for women. Whilst some occupations are recorded as the last occupation on female mesothelioma deaths in appreciable numbers, very few occupations show evidence that the PMRs are increased among women. This document is available from Page 3 of 28

4 This suggests that many of these deaths will be a reflection of environmental rather than occupational asbestos exposures. Exposures accrued indirectly during the course of work in these jobs may have contributed to causing some of these deaths, but the extent of this effect is not quantifiable. This document is available from Page 4 of 28

5 Tables Table 1: Highest risk* occupations for males (SOC digit codes) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Construction Trades Electrical Trades Metal Forming, Welding And Related Trades Building Trades Construction Operatives Metal Machining, Fitting And Instrument Making Trades Science And Engineering Technicians Architects, Town Planners, Surveyors Draughtspersons And Building Inspectors Engineering Professionals Production Managers *Occupations with PMR greater than 100 and statistically significant. Table 2: Highest risk* occupations for males (SOC digit) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Carpenters & joiners Plumbers, heating & ventilating engineers Electricians, electrical fitters Pipe fitters Metal plate workers, shipwrights, riveters Labourers in other construction trades n.e.c Sheet metal workers Construction operatives n.e.c Energy plant operatives Managers in construction Construction trades n.e.c Managers & proprietors in other services n.e.c Painters & decorators Building inspectors Vehicle body builders & repairers Metal working production & maintenance fitters Chartered surveyors (not quantity surveyors) Planning & quality control engineers Metal working machine operatives *Occupations with PMR greater than 100 and statistically significant, with at least 5 observed or expected cases. This document is available from Page 5 of 28

6 Table 3: Mesothelioma PMRs for males aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Corporate Managers and Senior Officials Production Managers Functional Managers Quality And Customer Care Managers Financial Institution And Office Managers Managers In Distribution, Storage And Retailing Protective Service Officers Health And Social Services Managers Managers In Farming, Horticulture, Forestry And Fishing Managers And Proprietors In Hospitality And Leisure Services Managers And Proprietors In Other Service Industries Science Professionals Engineering Professionals Information And Communication Technology Professionals Health Professionals Teaching Professionals Research Professionals Legal Professionals Business And Statistical Professionals Architects, Town Planners, Surveyors Public Service Professionals Librarians And Related Professionals Science And Engineering Technicians Draughtspersons And Building Inspectors IT Service Delivery Occupations Health Associate Professionals Therapists Social Welfare Associate Professionals Protective Service Occupations Artistic And Literary Occupations Design Associate Professionals Media Associate Professionals Sports And Fitness Occupations Transport Associate Professionals Legal Associate Professionals Business And Finance Associate Professionals Sales And Related Associate Professionals Conservation Associate Professionals Public Service And Other Associate Professionals Administrative Occupations: Government and Related Organisations Administrative Occupations: Finance Administrative Occupations: Records Administrative Occupations: Communications This document is available from Page 6 of 28

7 PMR Lower Upper Administrative Occupations: General Secretarial And Related Occupations Agricultural Trades Metal Forming, Welding And Related Trades Metal Machining, Fitting And Instrument Making Trades Vehicle Trades Electrical Trades Construction Trades Building Trades Textiles And Garments Trades Printing Trades Food Preparation Trades Skilled Trades n. e. c Healthcare And Related Personal Services Childcare And Related Personal Services Animal Care Services Leisure And Travel Service Occupations Hairdressers And Related Occupations Housekeeping Occupations Personal Services Occupations n. e. c Sales Assistants And Retail Cashiers Sales Related Occupations Customer Service Occupations Process Operatives Plant And Machine Operatives Assemblers And Routine Operatives Construction Operatives Transport Drivers And Operatives Mobile Machine Drivers And Operatives Elementary Agricultural Occupations Elementary Construction Occupations Elementary Process Plant Occupations Elementary Goods Storage Occupations Elementary Administration Occupations Elementary Personal Services Occupations Elementary Cleaning Occupations Elementary Security Occupations Elementary Sales Occupations This document is available from Page 7 of 28

8 Table 4: Mesothelioma PMRs for females aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Corporate Managers and Senior Officials Production Managers Functional Managers Quality And Customer Care Managers Financial Institution And Office Managers Managers In Distribution, Storage And Retailing Protective Service Officers Health And Social Services Managers Managers In Farming, Horticulture, Forestry And Fishing Managers And Proprietors In Hospitality And Leisure Services Managers And Proprietors In Other Service Industries Science Professionals Engineering Professionals Information And Communication Technology Professionals Health Professionals Teaching Professionals Research Professionals Legal Professionals Business And Statistical Professionals Architects, Town Planners, Surveyors Public Service Professionals Librarians And Related Professionals Science And Engineering Technicians Draughtspersons And Building Inspectors IT Service Delivery Occupations Health Associate Professionals Therapists Social Welfare Associate Professionals Protective Service Occupations Artistic And Literary Occupations Design Associate Professionals Media Associate Professionals Sports And Fitness Occupations Transport Associate Professionals Legal Associate Professionals Business And Finance Associate Professionals Sales And Related Associate Professionals Conservation Associate Professionals Public Service And Other Associate Professionals Administrative Occupations: Government and Related Organisations Administrative Occupations: Finance Administrative Occupations: Records Administrative Occupations: Communications This document is available from Page 8 of 28

9 PMR Lower Upper Administrative Occupations: General Secretarial And Related Occupations Agricultural Trades Metal Forming, Welding And Related Trades Metal Machining, Fitting And Instrument Making Trades Vehicle Trades Electrical Trades Construction Trades Building Trades Textiles And Garments Trades Printing Trades Food Preparation Trades Skilled Trades n. e. c Healthcare And Related Personal Services Childcare And Related Personal Services Animal Care Services Leisure And Travel Service Occupations Hairdressers And Related Occupations Housekeeping Occupations Personal Services Occupations n. e. c Sales Assistants And Retail Cashiers Sales Related Occupations Customer Service Occupations Process Operatives Plant And Machine Operatives Assemblers And Routine Operatives Construction Operatives Transport Drivers And Operatives Mobile Machine Drivers And Operatives Elementary Agricultural Occupations Elementary Construction Occupations Elementary Process Plant Occupations Elementary Goods Storage Occupations Elementary Administration Occupations Elementary Personal Services Occupations Elementary Cleaning Occupations Elementary Security Occupations Elementary Sales Occupations This document is available from Page 9 of 28

10 Table 5: Mesothelioma PMRs for males aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Senior officials in national government Directors & chief executives of major organisations Senior officials in local government Senior officials of special interest organisations Production, works & maintenance managers Managers in construction Managers in mining & energy Financial managers & chartered secretaries Marketing & sales managers Purchasing managers Advertising & public relations managers Personnel, training & industrial relations managers Information & communication technology managers Research & development managers Quality assurance managers Customer care managers Financial institution managers Office managers Transport & distribution managers Storage & warehouse managers Retail & wholesale managers Officers in armed forces Police officers (inspectors & above) Senior officers in fire, ambulance, prison & related services Security managers Hospital & health service managers Pharmacy managers Healthcare practice managers Social services managers Residential & day care managers Farm managers Natural environment & conservation managers Managers in animal husbandry, forestry & fishing n.e.c Hotel & accommodation managers Conference & exhibition managers Restaurant & catering managers Publicans & managers of licensed premises Leisure & sports managers Travel agency managers Property, housing & land managers Garage managers & proprietors Hairdressing & beauty salon managers & proprietors This document is available from Page 10 of 28

11 PMR Lower Upper Shopkeepers & wholesale/retail dealers Recycling & refuse disposal managers Managers & proprietors in other services n.e.c Chemists Biological scientists & biochemists Physicists, geologists & meteorologists Civil engineers Mechanical engineers Electrical engineers Electronics engineers Chemical engineers Design & development engineers Production & process engineers Planning & quality control engineers Engineering professionals n.e.c IT strategy & planning professionals Software professionals Medical practitioners Psychologists Pharmacists/pharmacologists Ophthalmic opticians Dental practitioners Veterinarians Higher education teaching professionals Further education teaching professionals Education officers, school inspectors Secondary education teaching professionals Primary & nursery education teaching professionals Special needs education teaching professionals Registrars & senior administrators of educational establishments Teaching professionals n.e.c Scientific researchers Social science researchers Researchers n.e.c Solicitors & lawyers, judges & coroners Legal professionals n.e.c Chartered & certified accountants Management accountants Management consultants, actuaries, economists & statisticians Architects Town planners Quantity surveyors Chartered surveyors (not quantity surveyors) Public service administrative professionals Social workers This document is available from Page 11 of 28

12 PMR Lower Upper Probation officers Clergy Librarians Archivists & curators Laboratory technicians Electrical/electronics technicians Engineering technicians Building & civil engineering technicians Quality assurance technicians Science & engineering technicians n.e.c Architectural technologists & town planning technicians Draughtspersons Building inspectors IT operations technicians IT user support technicians Nurses Midwives Paramedics Medical radiographers Chiropodists Dispensing opticians Pharmaceutical dispensers Medical & dental technicians Physiotherapists Occupational therapists Speech & language therapists Therapists n.e.c Youth & community workers Housing & welfare officers NCOs & other ranks Police officers (sergeant & below) Fire service officers (leading fire officer & below) Prison service officers (below principal officer) Protective service associate professionals n.e.c Artists Authors, writers Actors, entertainers Dancers & choreographers Musicians Arts officers, producers & directors Graphic designers Product, clothing & related designers Journalists, newspaper & periodical editors Broadcasting associate professionals Public relations officers Photographers & audio-visual equipment operators This document is available from Page 12 of 28

13 PMR Lower Upper Sports players Sports coaches, instructors & officials Fitness instructors Sports & fitness occupations n.e.c Air traffic controllers Aircraft pilots & flight engineers Ship & hovercraft officers Train drivers Legal associate professionals Estimators, valuers & assessors Brokers Insurance underwriters Finance & investment analysts/advisers Taxation experts Importers, exporters Financial & accounting technicians Business & related associate professionals n.e.c Buyers & purchasing officers Sales representatives Marketing associate professionals Estate agents, auctioneers Conservation & environmental protection officers Countryside & park rangers Public service associate professionals Personnel & industrial relations officers Vocational & industrial trainers & instructors Careers advisers & vocational guidance specialists Inspectors of factories, utilities & trading standards Statutory examiners Occupational hygienists & safety officers (health & safety) Environmental health officers Civil Service executive officers Civil Service administrative officers & assistants Local government clerical officers & assistants Officers of non-governmental organisations Credit controllers Accounts & wages clerks, book-keepers, other financial clerks Counter clerks Filing & other records assistants/clerks Pensions & insurance clerks Stock control clerks Transport & distribution clerks Library assistants/clerks Database assistants/clerks Market research interviewers This document is available from Page 13 of 28

14 PMR Lower Upper Telephonists Communication operators General office assistants/clerks Medical secretaries Legal secretaries School secretaries Company secretaries Personal assistants & other secretaries Receptionists Typists Farmers Horticultural trades Gardeners & groundsmen/groundswomen Agricultural & fishing trades n.e.c Smiths & forge workers Moulders, core makers, die casters Sheet metal workers Metal plate workers, shipwrights, riveters Welding trades Pipe fitters Metal machining setters & setter-operators Tool makers, tool fitters & markers-out Metal working production & maintenance fitters Precision instrument makers & repairers Motor mechanics, auto engineers Vehicle body builders & repairers Auto electricians Vehicle spray painters Electricians, electrical fitters Telecommunications engineers Lines repairers & cable jointers TV, video & audio engineers Computer engineers, installation & maintenance Electrical/electronics engineers n.e.c Steel erectors Bricklayers, masons Roofers, roof tilers & slaters Plumbers, heating & ventilating engineers Carpenters & joiners Glaziers, window fabricators & fitters Construction trades n.e.c Plasterers Floorers & wall tilers Painters & decorators Weavers & knitters Upholsterers This document is available from Page 14 of 28

15 PMR Lower Upper Leather & related trades Tailors & dressmakers Textiles, garments & related trades n.e.c Originators, compositors & print preparers Printers Bookbinders & print finishers Screen printers Butchers, meat cutters Bakers, flour confectioners Fishmongers, poultry dressers Chefs, cooks Glass & ceramics makers, decorators & finishers Furniture makers, other craft woodworkers Pattern makers (moulds) Musical instrument makers & tuners Goldsmiths, silversmiths, precious stone workers Floral arrangers, florists Hand craft occupations n.e.c Nursing auxiliaries & assistants Ambulance staff (excluding paramedics) Dental nurses Houseparents & residential wardens Care assistants & home carers Nursery nurses Childminders & related occupations Playgroup leaders/assistants Educational assistants Veterinary nurses & assistants Animal care occupations n.e.c Sports & leisure assistants Travel agents Travel & tour guides Air travel assistants Rail travel assistants Leisure & travel service occupations n.e.c Hairdressers, barbers Beauticians & related occupations Housekeepers & related occupations Caretakers Undertakers & mortuary assistants Pest control officers Sales & retail assistants Retail cashiers & check-out operators Telephone salespersons Collector salespersons & credit agents Debt, rent & other cash collectors This document is available from Page 15 of 28

16 PMR Lower Upper Roundsmen/women & van salespersons Market & street traders & assistants Merchandisers & window dressers Sales related occupations n.e.c Call centre agents/operators Customer care occupations Food, drink & tobacco process operatives Glass & ceramics process operatives Textile process operatives Chemical & related process operatives Rubber process operatives Plastics process operatives Metal making & treating process operatives Electroplaters Process operatives n.e.c Paper & wood machine operatives Coal mine operatives Quarry workers & related operatives Energy plant operatives Metal working machine operatives Water & sewerage plant operatives Plant & machine operatives n.e.c Assemblers (electrical products) Assemblers (vehicles & metal goods) Routine inspectors & testers Weighers, graders, sorters Tyre, exhaust & windscreen fitters Clothing cutters Sewing machinists Routine laboratory testers Assemblers & routine operatives n.e.c Scaffolders, stagers, riggers Road construction operatives Rail construction & maintenance operatives Construction operatives n.e.c Heavy goods vehicle drivers Van drivers Bus & coach drivers Taxi, cab drivers & chauffeurs Driving instructors Rail transport operatives Seafarers (merchant navy); barge, lighter & boat operatives Air transport operatives Transport operatives n.e.c Crane drivers Fork-lift truck drivers This document is available from Page 16 of 28

17 PMR Lower Upper Agricultural machinery drivers Mobile machine drivers & operatives n.e.c Farm workers Forestry workers Fishing & agriculture related occupations n.e.c Labourers in building & woodworking trades Labourers in other construction trades n.e.c Labourers in foundries Industrial cleaning process occupations Printing machine minders & assistants Packers, bottlers, canners, fillers Labourers in process & plant operations n.e.c Stevedores, dockers & slingers Other goods handling & storage occupations n.e.c Postal workers, mail sorters, messengers, couriers Elementary office occupations n.e.c Hospital porters Hotel porters Kitchen & catering assistants Waiters, waitresses Bar staff Leisure & theme park attendants Elementary personal services occupations n.e.c Window cleaners Road sweepers Cleaners, domestics Launderers, dry cleaners, pressers Refuse & salvage occupations Elementary cleaning occupations n.e.c Security guards & related occupations Traffic wardens School crossing patrol attendants School mid-day assistants Car park attendants Elementary security occupations n.e.c Shelf fillers Elementary sales occupations n.e.c This document is available from Page 17 of 28

18 Table 6: Mesothelioma PMRs for females aged in Great Britain (SOC digit) SOC2000 Code & Occupation description PMR Lower Upper Senior officials in national government Directors & chief executives of major organisations Senior officials in local government Senior officials of special interest organisations Production, works & maintenance managers Managers in construction Managers in mining & energy Financial managers & chartered secretaries Marketing & sales managers Purchasing managers Advertising & public relations managers Personnel, training & industrial relations managers Information & communication technology managers Research & development managers Quality assurance managers Customer care managers Financial institution managers Office managers Transport & distribution managers Storage & warehouse managers Retail & wholesale managers Officers in armed forces Police officers (inspectors & above) Senior officers in fire, ambulance, prison & related services Security managers Hospital & health service managers Pharmacy managers Healthcare practice managers Social services managers Residential & day care managers Farm managers Natural environment & conservation managers Managers in animal husbandry, forestry & fishing n.e.c Hotel & accommodation managers Conference & exhibition managers Restaurant & catering managers Publicans & managers of licensed premises Leisure & sports managers Travel agency managers Property, housing & land managers Garage managers & proprietors Hairdressing & beauty salon managers & proprietors Shopkeepers & wholesale/retail dealers This document is available from Page 18 of 28

19 PMR Lower Upper Recycling & refuse disposal managers Managers & proprietors in other services n.e.c Chemists Biological scientists & biochemists Physicists, geologists & meteorologists Civil engineers Mechanical engineers Electrical engineers Electronics engineers Chemical engineers Design & development engineers Production & process engineers Planning & quality control engineers Engineering professionals n.e.c IT strategy & planning professionals Software professionals Medical practitioners Psychologists Pharmacists/pharmacologists Ophthalmic opticians Dental practitioners Veterinarians Higher education teaching professionals Further education teaching professionals Education officers, school inspectors Secondary education teaching professionals Primary & nursery education teaching professionals Special needs education teaching professionals Registrars & senior administrators of educational establishments Teaching professionals n.e.c Scientific researchers Social science researchers Researchers n.e.c Solicitors & lawyers, judges & coroners Legal professionals n.e.c Chartered & certified accountants Management accountants Management consultants, actuaries, economists & statisticians Architects Town planners Quantity surveyors Chartered surveyors (not quantity surveyors) Public service administrative professionals Social workers Probation officers Clergy This document is available from Page 19 of 28

20 PMR Lower Upper Librarians Archivists & curators Laboratory technicians Electrical/electronics technicians Engineering technicians Building & civil engineering technicians Quality assurance technicians Science & engineering technicians n.e.c Architectural technologists & town planning technicians Draughtspersons Building inspectors IT operations technicians IT user support technicians Nurses Midwives Paramedics Medical radiographers Chiropodists Dispensing opticians Pharmaceutical dispensers Medical & dental technicians Physiotherapists Occupational therapists Speech & language therapists Therapists n.e.c Youth & community workers Housing & welfare officers NCOs & other ranks Police officers (sergeant & below) Fire service officers (leading fire officer & below) Prison service officers (below principal officer) Protective service associate professionals n.e.c Artists Authors, writers Actors, entertainers Dancers & choreographers Musicians Arts officers, producers & directors Graphic designers Product, clothing & related designers Journalists, newspaper & periodical editors Broadcasting associate professionals Public relations officers Photographers & audio-visual equipment operators Sports players Sports coaches, instructors & officials This document is available from Page 20 of 28