Global collaboration. The Sustainable Mobility Project Mobility 2030

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1 Global collaboration The Sustainable Mobility Project Mobility 2030 April 2000 to July 2004

2 Sustainable mobility / sustainable transportation The ability to meet the needs of society to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values today or in the future.

3 Mobility 2030 s conclusion regarding outlook When factoring in all the indicators, it appears that today s system of mobility is not sustainable. Nor is it likely to become so if present trends continue. Mobility 2030, page 58

4 Seven goals for improving sustainability of mobility 1. Reduce conventional emissions from transport to levels where they do not constitute a significant public health concern anywhere in the world 2. Limit GHG emissions from transport to sustainable levels 3. Reduce the number of transport-related deaths and injuries worldwide 4. Reduce transport-related noise 5. Mitigate traffic congestion 6. Narrow mobility opportunity divides 7. Preserve and enhance mobility opportunities available to the general 7. Preserve and enhance mobility opportunities available to the general population

5 Reduce conventional emissions from transport Reference case projections

6 CO 2 and NO x emissions per unit of time Source: Japan Automobile Research Institute

7 Two approaches to reduce congestion 1. Reduce demand Reduce the number of vehicle trips through mode shifting, telecommuting, reduced distances between destinations Reduce peak demand through infrastructure pricing (e.g., London congestion charge; Singapore road pricing), ITS technologies, time shifting 2. Increase capacity Build new infrastructure Increase the capacity of existing infrastructure through the use of dedicated lanes, additional lanes, infrastructure design improvements, minimization of delays and stops, increased traffic enforcement, and ITS-based traffic management systems

8 Challenge becomes even greater once one moves outside the urban core and beyond trips to that core Daily Trips by Mode in the Paris Region * * Ile de France region outside Central Paris and First Ring

9 Mobility 2030 s conclusion Mobility can be made sustainable, but... There is no single magic technological solution - a portfolio of solutions is required It will take longer than three decades It will require coordinated efforts, starting now, by all elements of society business, government, public It cannot be achieved without the active involvement of the developing world

10 The EU addresses the increase in CO 2 in transport with an Energy & Climate Change Package Energy crisis Temperature increase EU Climate Change Package % 20% 20% Energy consumption reduction Renewable energies Vision: De-carbonize transport by 2050 GHG emissions reduction

11 An Integrated Approach is needed to de-carbonize automotive transport Vehicle Technology Development Low Carbon Fuels Traffic Flow Improvements ITS Driving behaviour Distance travelled Co-Modality Car industry Fuel providers Regulators Infrastructure Users Consumers < Integrated Approach >

12 Vehicle technology leads to reducing CO 2 2 fleet aver rage (g/km) CO 210 KAMA (Korea Automobile Manufacturer's Association) ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturer's Association) JAMA (Japan Automobile Manufacturer's Association) TOYOTA

13 Bio-fuels lead to reduced emissions Toyota: now 10% ethanol and 7% biodiesel High blend biofuels (e.g. E85 or >B7) must be differentiated from standard fuels at the fuelling station and used in dedicated vehicles (e.g. FFV for E85) Flex Fuel Vehicles in certain markets e ue e ces ce a a e s (Brazil, USA)

14 Better traffic flow reduces emissions Increase of average speed by 20km/h results in 40% CO2 decrease

15 Consumer behaviour can reduce emissions Eco-driving CO 2 - labelling

16 Example of powertrain map in future mobility size Vehicle EVs Motorcycles Short-distance commuters HEVs & PHEVs with internal combustion engine Prius Passenger cars PHEV Route buses FCHEV(BUS) FCHEV FCHEVs Heavy-duty trucks Delivery trucks EV Auris HSD Winglet i series Small delivery vehicles Driving distance Fuel Electricity Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressed natural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc. Hydrogen

17 Full hybrid technology

18 A Plug-in Hybrid: simply a conventional hybrid, with an extended EV range Gasoline station Household electrical energy or public charging post Engine Motor Battery Fuel tank

19 Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) specifications Lithium-ion i battery pack EV range: around 20 km CO 2 : 59 g/km EV max speed: around 100 km/h Charging time: 90 minutes (230V, 16A) Chargeable using standard electrical plug

20 Advantages of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Short distance: EV Long distance: Hybrid EV driving mode available but no concern regarding driving di i range exists

21 The FT-EV II Launch of small commuter EV planned for 2012

22 Major technical challenges for FCHEV Issues to be solved Balance in Cost / Compactness & high performance / Stack Durability Established technology Cruising range Cold start / Driving performance

23 Weight & package are limiting today s battery technology En ergy density by weight (wat tt hours / kg) 10,000 1,000 Hydrogen Batteries CNG Gaseous fuels Hydrogen absorbing alloy Ethanol Liquid fuels Gasoline Bio-diesel Diesel Substantial R&D needed for batteries to reach levels similar to conventional energy sources 100 Lithium-ion Nickel metal 10 Lead 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Energy density by volume (watt hours / litre)

24 WBCSD Urban Infrastructure Initiative A world where cities provide a sustainable environment for people to live, work, move and play LD Meeting, Montreux 2008

25 What : UII vision & objective The project vision: A world where cities provide a sustainable environment for people to live, work and play Overall objective: To demonstrate that business is key for finding cost effective solutions on urbanization issues and should be involved in the beginning of Cities strategy discussions LD Meeting, Montreux

26 UII: who they are 14 global companies: 2.1m people* and US$ 900bn turnover Operating in most countries Co-Chairs Core Group members LD Meeting, Montreux 2008 * Aggregated key figures (2009) 26

27 UII: what they cover A unique group qualified to help UII members core competencies cover all major urban infrastructures Members are corporate sustainability pioneers with high rankings in sustainability indices & investment ratings LD Meeting, Montreux

28 UII: their purpose Helping transform the city vision into an effective action plan using accumulated experience and models in a systemic approach City vision Action plan Implementation Transformation team Private sector UII area of interest usual company area of action LD Meeting, Montreux

29 UII : How they work : steps LD Meeting, Montreux

30 UII process: city selection Relevant partners help identify potential cities and facilitate dialogue Regional network Europe USA Middle East India China East Asia Brazil Latin America WBCSD is a partner of the UN Habitat World Urban Campaign LD Meeting, Montreux

31 UII - Ideas for Turku / Finland Guiding principle i To promote the use of sustainable modes of transport Target How Idea The share of light and public transport in Turku is over 55% in 2013 and over 66% in Promoting co-modality Indirectly influence people p to combine light public transport with green private transport 1. Smart parking Sustainable procurement and logistics Sustainable development criteria will be taken into account in all city tenders in % reduction in internal city transports from 2008 to Use of sustainable development criteria in calls for tender annually Number of internal transports/year. Greening internal transportt 2. Set green criteria for public procurement related to city car park. Page 31

32 Smart parking combined with co-modality Main messages : Banning private car transport is not recommended for the development of city centres (see examples in France, especially in Lille) More recommended d to green city car transport 1. Direct possibility is city access limitation such as congestion charging based on emissions, establishment of low emission zones, BUT 2. Indirect possibility (i.e. influence customer behaviour) : encourage green transport combining light public transport & green private car transport Today : no direct link parkings/light g train transport Page 32

33 Smart parking combined with co-modality Average CO2 car in Finland (2009) : 157 g/km 1. Modulate parking according to CO2 Level g/km CO2 Level 8 > 200 Level Level Level Level Level Level Level or only rechargeable Page 33

34 Smart parking combined with co-modality Average CO2 car in Finland (2009) : 157 g/km 1. Modulate parking according to CO2 2. Differentiate parking fee Level g/km CO2 Parking fee ( ) Level 8 > Level Level Level Level Level Level Level or only rechargeable 0 Page 34

35 Smart parking combined with co-modality 1. Modulate parking according to CO2 2. Differentiate parking fee 3. Combine with train station => co-modality Page 35

36 Smart parking combined with co-modality 1. Modulate parking according to CO2 2. Differentiate parking fee 3. Combine with train station => co-modality 4. Why not incorporate other initiatives such as CIVITAS The European Union s CIVITAS initiative helps cities to achieve a more sustainable, clean and energy efficient i urban transport system by implementing and evaluating an ambitious integrated mix of technology and policy based measures. Page 36