Solar cell technology Status and market
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1 Solar cell technology Status and market Erik Stensrud Marstein Centre Director June 18 th 2014, Kristiansand
2 The Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology Glomfjord Drag Årdal Trondheim Kristiansand Oslo/Kjeller/Askim
3 The Norwegian Research Centre for Solar Cell Technology Narvik J 3 J C J 1 J 2 J pn NTNU/SINTEF (Trondheim) Trondheim UiO/SINTEF (Oslo) Årdal Kristiansand Kjeller/Oslo IFE (Kjeller) Centre partners: IFE, NTNU, SINTEF, UiO, CleanSi, Dynatec, Elkem Solar, Mosaic, Norsun, Norwegian Crystals, REC Silicon, REC Solar, Semilab, Quartz Corp. Centre budget: 34,9 MNOK in ,2 MNOK from 2009 until 2017 A B C
4 Marstein Solar cell research in the Centre WAFER SILICON Silicon-based solar cells New materials for next generation solar cells LIGHT HARVESTING New materials and New concepts TANDEM SOLAR CELLS SOLAR CELLS PANELS INTERMEDIATE BAND SOLAR CELS
5 The challenge UN 2012
6 The SOLAR option SOHO
7 What isn t new? The modern Si solar cell celebrates 60 years in 2014 Bell labs 1954
8 What is new?
9 What is new 1: volume IEA/Bloomberg New Energy Finance
10 What is new 1: volume Solar suddently matters! 1 GW p cumulative capacity: GW p cumulative capacity: GW p cumulative capacity: GW p cumulative capacity: GW p cumulative capacity: 2015 (E) Marstein/Photon Int l
11 What is new 1: volume Annual cell production [MWp] Mostly harmless Marstein/Photon Int l
12 What is new 1: volume Bloomberg/EPIA/EWEA
13 What is new 1: volume Fraunhofer ISE
14 What is new 1: volume Solarbuzz
15 What is new 2: cost ITRPV (2014), IEA-PVPS (2013)
16 What is new 2: cost ~ 0.05$/kWh! TU/SunEdison/Greentech media
17 What is new 3: efficiencies increase NREL
18 Why we care about efficiency 13% 16% 49% Module Cell Wafer Silicon (poly) System 22% ITRPV (2013)
19 Technology shares 2014 forecast NPD Solarbuzz forecast for 2014
20 Material quality matters! H. Haug et al (IFE, 2014)
21 High efficiency on a silicon wafer HIT solar cell IBC solar cell IBC-HIT solar cell
22 What is new 3: efficiency record! New world record for crystalline silicon solar cells in April Panasonic HIT (IBC-HIT) Efficiency: 25.6% (u 0.6%) Area: cm 2 Open-circuit voltage (Voc): V Short circuit current (Isc) 6.01 A Short circuit current density (Jsc): 41.8 ma/cm² Fill factor (FF): Cell conversion efficiency: 25.6% Cell area: cm² Panasonic/AIST
23 What is new 4: going global Top four installers in 2013: 1. China 2. Japan 3. US 4. Germany
24 Number of top 10 companies No walk in the park Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp Q-cells Q-cells First Solar Suntech Suntech 2 BP Solar BP Solar Kyocera Kyocera Q-cells Q-cells Sharp First Solar Suntech JA Solar First Solar 3 Kyocera Kyocera BP Solar BP Solar Kyocera Suntech Suntech Suntech Sharp First Solar JA Solar 9 4 Shell Solar Shell Solar Shell Solar 8 5 Sanyo 7 Schott Solar 6 Astropower Astropower Schott Solar 8 Isofoton 49 Europe Japan US China/Taiwan Mitsubishi electric Schott Solar Mitsubishi Electric Mitsubishi Electric Isofoton Isofoton Sanyo Mitsubishi Electric Sanyo Sanyo Kyocera Kyocera Sharp Q-cells Yingli Yingli Q-cells Suntech Motech First Solar JA Solar Yingli Trina Solar Trina Solar Shell Solar Motech Sanyo Motech Kyocera JA Solar Q-cells Motech Schott Solar Sanyo Astropower Isofoton Mitsubishi Electric Schott Solar Deutsche Cell SolarWorld SolarWorld Yingli Kyocera Motech Yingli Sanyo Motech Trina Solar Sharp Canadian Solar Hareon Solar First Solar Yingli SunPower SunPower Gintech SunPower 3 10 Photowatt Q-cells Q-cells Motech & Suntech BP Solar Mitsubishi Electric JA Solar Sanyo Gintech Kyocera Gintech
25 The solar cell industry has demonstrated it s relevance (volume/cost) to solving two of the major challenges facing mankind Improved energy consumption Climate change has developed into a large global industry will continue to present many business opportunities needs R&D to increase efficiency and reduce cost is COMPETITIVE! is facing increased opposition...
26 Is there anything left to do?
27 Is there anything left to do? SILICON MATERIAL QUALITY
28 Is there anything left to do? WAFERING TECHNOLOGIES
29 OPTICAL LOSSES Is there anything left to do?
30 RECOMBINATION LOSSES Is there anything left to do?
31 Is there anything left to do? NEW CONCEPTS
32 Is there anything left to do? MODULES
33 Is there anything left to do? System integration in Norway - Competence building! - Improved resource data (also historical) - Improved production data (also historical) - Improved understanding of PV system operation in a Scandinavian climate - Improved understanding of PV module optimization for Scandinavian end use -
34 Thank you for the attention!
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