Infection Control Techniques. By N. Charles Ibie
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1 Infection Control Techniques By N. Charles Ibie
2 Why This Topic? To increase employees awareness on infection control To make employees aware of potential hazards of infection towards themselves and their elderly patients To discuss the proper personal protective equipment needed for different isolation precautions.
3 Contact transmission Routes of Disease Transmission Droplet transmission Airborne transmission
4 Contact Transmission Direct Contact (No Intermediate) Host in contact with reservoir e.g. MRSA Skin to skin contact e.g. Scabies, herpetic whitlow Indirect Contact (Intermediate) Disease carried from reservoir to hostinfected or colonized person or object. Contaminated surfaceselectronic thermometers, glucose monitoring device.
5 Airborne transmission Very small particles of evaporated droplets or dusts with infectious agents: - Remain in air for a long time - Travel farther than droplets Examples: Tuberculosis Measles Chickenpox
6 Droplet Transmission Large droplets within 3 feet, or more, transmit infection through: - coughing, sneezing, and talking Examples: Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough) Viral infections e.g. Influenza virus, rhinovirus Neisseria meningitidis Mycoplasma pneumoniae
7 Infection Control Methods and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
8 Hand Hygiene Single most important practice to reduce transmission of infectious agents. Includes both: - Hand washing with antiseptic soap and water - and Alcohol-based products (gels, rinses, foams) without water.
9 Types of PPE Gloves Isolation gowns Face protection- masks, goggles, and face shields. Respiratory Protection e.g. respirator with N95 Boots
10 Infection Control Precautions
11 Precautions All requires hand hygiene Standard Transmission based precautions: Contact Droplet Airborne
12 Standard Precautions Prevents the transmission of common infectious agent Hand washing is the key Assume infectious agents could be present in the patient s - Blood - Body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat) - Non-intact skin, and - Mucous membranes
13 PPE for Standard Precautions Wear: Gloves Isolation gowns Face protection If: Touching - Respiratory secretions - Contaminated items - Blood or body fluids Soiled clothes with patient s body fluids, secretions, or excretions Possible splashes/sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
14 Contact Precautions In addition to Standard Precautions Isolate or cohort patients Gown and gloves for patient or room contact remove immediately after contact Do not touch eyes, nose, or mouth with hands Avoid contaminating environmental surfaces
15 Contact Precautions Wash hands immediately after patient contact Use dedicated equipment if possible - If not, clean and disinfect between uses Clean, then disinfect patient room daily - Bed rails - Bed side tables - Toilet surfaces, and other equipments
16 Droplet Precautions In addition to standard precautions Place patients in single rooms or cohort 3 feet apart Wear mask within 3 feet of patient Wear face shield or goggles within 3 feet of patient Patient wears mask when outside room
17 Airborne Precautions In addition to standard precautions Prevent spread of infection through inhaled airborne particles Patient in Isolation Patient in airborne isolation room, if possible - Air exhaust to outside or re-circulated with HEPA filtration Patient to wear a mask if outside of isolation room
18 References Guidelines for Isolation Precautions 2007: Infection Control : Bloodborne Pathogens: /bbp/bbp.html
19 Questions?
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