Volumes of solids of revolution
|
|
- Hubert Parker
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Volumes of solids of revolution We sometimes need to clculte the volume of solid which cn be obtined by rotting curve bout the x-xis. There is strightforwrd technique which enbles this to be done, using integrtion. In order to mster the techniques explined here it is vitl tht you undertke plenty of prctice exercises so tht they become second nture. After reding this text, nd/or viewing the video tutoril on this topic, you should be ble to: find the volume of solid of revolution obtined from simple function y f(x) between given limits x nd x b; find the volume of solid of revolution obtined from simple function y f(x) where the limits re obtined from the geometry of the solid. Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. The volume of sphere 4. The volume of cone 4 4. Another exmple 5 5. Rotting curve bout the y-xis 6 1 c mthcentre April 27, 2008
2 1. Introduction Suppose we hve curve, y f(x). y f(x) x x b Imgine tht the prt of the curve between the ordintes x nd x b is rotted bout the x-xis through 60. The curve would then mp out the surfce of solid s it rotted. Such solids re clled solids of revolution. Thus if the curve ws circle, we would obtin the surfce of sphere. If the curve ws stright line through the origin, we would obtin the surfce of cone. Now we lredy know wht the formule for the volumes of sphere nd cone re, but where did they come from? How cn they clculted? If we could find generl method for clculting the volumes of the solids of revolution then we would be ble to clculte, for exmple, the volume of sphere nd the volume of cone, s well s the volumes of more complex solids. To see how to crry out these clcultions we look first t the curve, together with the solid it mps out when rotted through 60. y f(x) Now if we tke cross-section of the solid, prllel to the y-xis, this cross-section will be circle. But rther thn tke cross-section, let us tke thin disc of thickness δx, with the fce of the disc nerest the y-xis t distnce x from the origin. c mthcentre April 27,
3 y f(x) x y y + δy δx x x b The rdius of this circulr fce will then be y. The rdius of the other circulr fce will be y + δy, where δy is the chnge in y cused by the smll positive increse in x, δx. The disc is not cylinder, but it is very close to one. It will become even closer to one s δx, nd hence δy, tends to zero. Thus we pproximte the disc with cylinder of thickness, or height, δx, nd rdius y. The volume δv of the disc is then given by the volume of cylinder, πr 2 h, so tht δv y 2 δx. So the volume V of the solid of revolution is given by xb lim δv δx 0 x xb lim πy 2 δx δx 0 x πy 2 dx, where we hve chnged the limit of sum into definite integrl, using our definition of integrtion. This formul now gives us wy to clculte the volumes of solids of revolution bout the x-xis. Key Point If y is given s function of x, the volume of the solid obtined by rotting the portion of the curve between x nd x b bout the x-xis is given by πy 2 dx. c mthcentre April 27, 2008
4 2. The volume of sphere The eqution x 2 + y 2 r 2 represents the eqution of circle centred on the origin nd with rdius r. So the grph of the function y r 2 x 2 is semicircle. r r y r 2 x 2 We rotte this curve between x r nd x r bout the x-xis through 60 to form sphere. Now x 2 + y 2 r 2, nd so y 2 r 2 x 2. Therefore r πy 2 dx (r 2 x 2 ) dx r ] r [r 2 x x r ) {(r r 4πr This is the stndrd result for the volume of sphere.. )} ( r + r. The volume of cone Suppose we hve cone of bse rdius r nd verticl height h. We cn imgine the cone being formed by rotting stright line through the origin by n ngle of 60 bout the x-xis. θ h r c mthcentre April 27,
5 The grdient of the stright line is tn θ, nd from the right-ngled tringle we see tht tn θ r/h. Thus the eqution of the line is y rx/h, nd the limits of integrtion re from x 0 to x h. So h 0 h 0 πy 2 dx ( rx ) 2 π dx h π r2 x 2 dx h 2 ] h [ r 2 x h 2 0 ( ) r 2 h h 0 2 r2 h This is the stndrd result for the volume of cone.. 4. Another exmple The curve y x 2 1 is rotted bout the x-xis through 60. Find the volume of the solid generted when the re contined between the curve nd the x-xis is rotted bout the x-xis by 60. From the wording of the question, portion of the curve trps n re between itself nd the x-xis. Hence the curve must cross the x-xis. To find the points where this hppens we need to set y 0. So we need to solve the eqution x Fctorising, (x 1)(x + 1) 0, nd therefore x 1 or x. Here is sketch of the curve. 1 The grph of y x c mthcentre April 27, 2008
6 We clculte the volume s follows. 1 1 πy 2 dx π(x 2 1) 2 dx [ x 5 5 2x 16π 15. (x 4 2x 2 + 1) dx ] 1 + x ) {( ( )} 1 5. Rotting curve bout the y xis We hve looked t how to find the volume of solid creted by rotting n re bout the x-xis. But we cn lso rotte n re bout the y-xis. How cn we find the volume in this cse? x f(y) y d y c To crry out such clcultion, we must interchnge the rôles of x nd y. First, the eqution of the curve must be given s x f(y), rther thn s y f(x). And secondly, the limits must be given in terms of y, s y c nd y d. Thus the formul for the volume becomes d c πx 2 dy. c mthcentre April 27,
7 Exercises 1. Find the volume of the solid of revolution generted when the re described is rotted bout the x-xis. () The re between the curve y x nd the ordintes x 0 nd x 4. (b) The re between the curve y x /2 nd the ordintes x 1 nd x. (c) The re between the curve x 2 + y 2 16 nd the ordintes x nd x 1. (d) The re between the curve x 2 y 2 9 nd the ordintes x 4 nd x. (e) The re between the curve y (2 + x) 2 nd the ordintes x 0 nd x The re between the curve y 1/x, the y-xis nd the lines y 1 nd y 2 is rotted bout the y-xis. Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed.. The re between the curve y x 2, the y-xis nd the lines y 0 nd y 2 is rotted bout the y-xis. Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed. 4. The re cut off by the x-xis nd the curve y x 2 x is rotted bout the x-xis. Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed. 5. Sketch the curve y 2 x(x 4) 2 nd find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the closed loop of the curve is rotted bout the x-xis. 6. A conicl funnel is formed by rotting the curve y 1 x bout the y-xis. The rdius of the rim of the funnel is to 6 cm. Find the depth of the funnel nd its volume. Answers 1. () 21 1 π (b) 20π (c) 11 π (d) 1 π (e) π π. 2π π π 6. 24π 7 c mthcentre April 27, 2008
AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION
AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION h cut r πr h A surfce of revolution is formed when curve is rotted bout line. Such surfce is the lterl boundr of solid of revolution of the tpe discussed in Sections 7.
More information6.2 Volumes of Revolution: The Disk Method
mth ppliction: volumes of revolution, prt ii Volumes of Revolution: The Disk Method One of the simplest pplictions of integrtion (Theorem ) nd the ccumultion process is to determine so-clled volumes of
More informationIntegration by Substitution
Integrtion by Substitution Dr. Philippe B. Lvl Kennesw Stte University August, 8 Abstrct This hndout contins mteril on very importnt integrtion method clled integrtion by substitution. Substitution is
More informationUse Geometry Expressions to create a more complex locus of points. Find evidence for equivalence using Geometry Expressions.
Lerning Objectives Loci nd Conics Lesson 3: The Ellipse Level: Preclculus Time required: 120 minutes In this lesson, students will generlize their knowledge of the circle to the ellipse. The prmetric nd
More informationPROBLEMS 13 - APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES Page 1
PROBLEMS - APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES Pge ( ) Wter seeps out of conicl filter t the constnt rte of 5 cc / sec. When the height of wter level in the cone is 5 cm, find the rte t which the height decreses.
More informationExample A rectangular box without lid is to be made from a square cardboard of sides 18 cm by cutting equal squares from each corner and then folding
1 Exmple A rectngulr box without lid is to be mde from squre crdbord of sides 18 cm by cutting equl squres from ech corner nd then folding up the sides. 1 Exmple A rectngulr box without lid is to be mde
More informationReview guide for the final exam in Math 233
Review guide for the finl exm in Mth 33 1 Bsic mteril. This review includes the reminder of the mteril for mth 33. The finl exm will be cumultive exm with mny of the problems coming from the mteril covered
More informationReview Problems for the Final of Math 121, Fall 2014
Review Problems for the Finl of Mth, Fll The following is collection of vrious types of smple problems covering sections.,.5, nd.7 6.6 of the text which constitute only prt of the common Mth Finl. Since
More information5.2. LINE INTEGRALS 265. Let us quickly review the kind of integrals we have studied so far before we introduce a new one.
5.2. LINE INTEGRALS 265 5.2 Line Integrls 5.2.1 Introduction Let us quickly review the kind of integrls we hve studied so fr before we introduce new one. 1. Definite integrl. Given continuous rel-vlued
More information6.5 - Areas of Surfaces of Revolution and the Theorems of Pappus
Lecture_06_05.n 1 6.5 - Ares of Surfces of Revolution n the Theorems of Pppus Introuction Suppose we rotte some curve out line to otin surfce, we cn use efinite integrl to clculte the re of the surfce.
More informationApplications to Physics and Engineering
Section 7.5 Applictions to Physics nd Engineering Applictions to Physics nd Engineering Work The term work is used in everydy lnguge to men the totl mount of effort required to perform tsk. In physics
More informationGraphs on Logarithmic and Semilogarithmic Paper
0CH_PHClter_TMSETE_ 3//00 :3 PM Pge Grphs on Logrithmic nd Semilogrithmic Pper OBJECTIVES When ou hve completed this chpter, ou should be ble to: Mke grphs on logrithmic nd semilogrithmic pper. Grph empiricl
More informationModule 2. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the Matrix Force Method. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Module Anlysis of Stticlly Indeterminte Structures by the Mtrix Force Method Version CE IIT, Khrgpur esson 9 The Force Method of Anlysis: Bems (Continued) Version CE IIT, Khrgpur Instructionl Objectives
More informationBinary Representation of Numbers Autar Kaw
Binry Representtion of Numbers Autr Kw After reding this chpter, you should be ble to: 1. convert bse- rel number to its binry representtion,. convert binry number to n equivlent bse- number. In everydy
More informationMathematics. Vectors. hsn.uk.net. Higher. Contents. Vectors 128 HSN23100
hsn.uk.net Higher Mthemtics UNIT 3 OUTCOME 1 Vectors Contents Vectors 18 1 Vectors nd Sclrs 18 Components 18 3 Mgnitude 130 4 Equl Vectors 131 5 Addition nd Subtrction of Vectors 13 6 Multipliction by
More informationRadius of the Earth - Radii Used in Geodesy James R. Clynch February 2006
dius of the Erth - dii Used in Geodesy Jmes. Clynch Februry 006 I. Erth dii Uses There is only one rdius of sphere. The erth is pproximtely sphere nd therefore, for some cses, this pproximtion is dequte.
More information15.6. The mean value and the root-mean-square value of a function. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes. Learning Style
The men vlue nd the root-men-squre vlue of function 5.6 Introduction Currents nd voltges often vry with time nd engineers my wish to know the verge vlue of such current or voltge over some prticulr time
More informationwww.mathsbox.org.uk e.g. f(x) = x domain x 0 (cannot find the square root of negative values)
www.mthsbo.org.uk CORE SUMMARY NOTES Functions A function is rule which genertes ectl ONE OUTPUT for EVERY INPUT. To be defined full the function hs RULE tells ou how to clculte the output from the input
More informationRIGHT TRIANGLES AND THE PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLETS
RIGHT TRIANGLES AND THE PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLETS Known for over 500 yers is the fct tht the sum of the squres of the legs of right tringle equls the squre of the hypotenuse. Tht is +b c. A simple proof is
More informationVolumes as integrals of cross-sections (Sect. 6.1) Volumes as integrals of cross-sections (Sect. 6.1)
Volumes s integrls of cross-sections (ect. 6.1) Te volume of simple regions in spce Volumes integrting cross-sections: Te generl cse. Certin regions wit oles. Volumes s integrls of cross-sections (ect.
More information4.11 Inner Product Spaces
314 CHAPTER 4 Vector Spces 9. A mtrix of the form 0 0 b c 0 d 0 0 e 0 f g 0 h 0 cnnot be invertible. 10. A mtrix of the form bc d e f ghi such tht e bd = 0 cnnot be invertible. 4.11 Inner Product Spces
More informationPhysics 43 Homework Set 9 Chapter 40 Key
Physics 43 Homework Set 9 Chpter 4 Key. The wve function for n electron tht is confined to x nm is. Find the normliztion constnt. b. Wht is the probbility of finding the electron in. nm-wide region t x
More informationReasoning to Solve Equations and Inequalities
Lesson4 Resoning to Solve Equtions nd Inequlities In erlier work in this unit, you modeled situtions with severl vriles nd equtions. For exmple, suppose you were given usiness plns for concert showing
More informationWeek 11 - Inductance
Week - Inductnce November 6, 202 Exercise.: Discussion Questions ) A trnsformer consists bsiclly of two coils in close proximity but not in electricl contct. A current in one coil mgneticlly induces n
More informationSection 7-4 Translation of Axes
62 7 ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY Section 7-4 Trnsltion of Aes Trnsltion of Aes Stndrd Equtions of Trnslted Conics Grphing Equtions of the Form A 2 C 2 D E F 0 Finding Equtions of Conics In the
More informationVectors 2. 1. Recap of vectors
Vectors 2. Recp of vectors Vectors re directed line segments - they cn be represented in component form or by direction nd mgnitude. We cn use trigonometry nd Pythgors theorem to switch between the forms
More informationThe Velocity Factor of an Insulated Two-Wire Transmission Line
The Velocity Fctor of n Insulted Two-Wire Trnsmission Line Problem Kirk T. McDonld Joseph Henry Lbortories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Mrch 7, 008 Estimte the velocity fctor F = v/c nd the
More informationExam 1 Study Guide. Differentiation and Anti-differentiation Rules from Calculus I
Exm Stuy Guie Mth 2020 - Clculus II, Winter 204 The following is list of importnt concepts from ech section tht will be teste on exm. This is not complete list of the mteril tht you shoul know for the
More informationPHY 140A: Solid State Physics. Solution to Homework #2
PHY 140A: Solid Stte Physics Solution to Homework # TA: Xun Ji 1 October 14, 006 1 Emil: jixun@physics.ucl.edu Problem #1 Prove tht the reciprocl lttice for the reciprocl lttice is the originl lttice.
More informationMath 135 Circles and Completing the Square Examples
Mth 135 Circles nd Completing the Squre Exmples A perfect squre is number such tht = b 2 for some rel number b. Some exmples of perfect squres re 4 = 2 2, 16 = 4 2, 169 = 13 2. We wish to hve method for
More informationLINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR REPRESENTING MATRICES
LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR REPRESENTING MATRICES DAVID WEBB CONTENTS Liner trnsformtions 2 The representing mtrix of liner trnsformtion 3 3 An ppliction: reflections in the plne 6 4 The lgebr of
More information9.3. The Scalar Product. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
The Sclr Product 9.3 Introduction There re two kinds of multipliction involving vectors. The first is known s the sclr product or dot product. This is so-clled becuse when the sclr product of two vectors
More informationaddition, there are double entries for the symbols used to signify different parameters. These parameters are explained in this appendix.
APPENDIX A: The ellipse August 15, 1997 Becuse of its importnce in both pproximting the erth s shpe nd describing stellite orbits, n informl discussion of the ellipse is presented in this ppendix. The
More informationPolynomial Functions. Polynomial functions in one variable can be written in expanded form as ( )
Polynomil Functions Polynomil functions in one vrible cn be written in expnded form s n n 1 n 2 2 f x = x + x + x + + x + x+ n n 1 n 2 2 1 0 Exmples of polynomils in expnded form re nd 3 8 7 4 = 5 4 +
More informationWarm-up for Differential Calculus
Summer Assignment Wrm-up for Differentil Clculus Who should complete this pcket? Students who hve completed Functions or Honors Functions nd will be tking Differentil Clculus in the fll of 015. Due Dte:
More information. At first sight a! b seems an unwieldy formula but use of the following mnemonic will possibly help. a 1 a 2 a 3 a 1 a 2
7 CHAPTER THREE. Cross Product Given two vectors = (,, nd = (,, in R, the cross product of nd written! is defined to e: " = (!,!,! Note! clled cross is VECTOR (unlike which is sclr. Exmple (,, " (4,5,6
More informationSUBSTITUTION I.. f(ax + b)
Integrtion SUBSTITUTION I.. f(x + b) Grhm S McDonld nd Silvi C Dll A Tutoril Module for prctising the integrtion of expressions of the form f(x + b) Tble of contents Begin Tutoril c 004 g.s.mcdonld@slford.c.uk
More informationPure C4. Revision Notes
Pure C4 Revision Notes Mrch 0 Contents Core 4 Alger Prtil frctions Coordinte Geometry 5 Prmetric equtions 5 Conversion from prmetric to Crtesin form 6 Are under curve given prmetriclly 7 Sequences nd
More informationCUBIC-FOOT VOLUME OF A LOG
CUBIC-FOOT VOLUME OF A LOG Wys to clculte cuic foot volume ) xylometer: tu of wter sumerge tree or log in wter nd find volume of wter displced. ) grphic: exmple: log length = 4 feet, ech section feet in
More informationRotating DC Motors Part II
Rotting Motors rt II II.1 Motor Equivlent Circuit The next step in our consiertion of motors is to evelop n equivlent circuit which cn be use to better unerstn motor opertion. The rmtures in rel motors
More informationIntegration. 148 Chapter 7 Integration
48 Chpter 7 Integrtion 7 Integrtion t ech, by supposing tht during ech tenth of second the object is going t constnt speed Since the object initilly hs speed, we gin suppose it mintins this speed, but
More informationLecture 3 Gaussian Probability Distribution
Lecture 3 Gussin Probbility Distribution Introduction l Gussin probbility distribution is perhps the most used distribution in ll of science. u lso clled bell shped curve or norml distribution l Unlike
More informationAPPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS 59 Chpter 8 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS One should study Mthemtics ecuse it is only through Mthemtics tht nture cn e conceived in hrmonious form. BIRKHOFF 8. Introduction In geometry,
More information, and the number of electrons is -19. e e 1.60 10 C. The negatively charged electrons move in the direction opposite to the conventional current flow.
Prolem 1. f current of 80.0 ma exists in metl wire, how mny electrons flow pst given cross section of the wire in 10.0 min? Sketch the directions of the current nd the electrons motion. Solution: The chrge
More informationPROF. BOYAN KOSTADINOV NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CUNY
MAT 0630 INTERNET RESOURCES, REVIEW OF CONCEPTS AND COMMON MISTAKES PROF. BOYAN KOSTADINOV NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CUNY Contents 1. ACT Compss Prctice Tests 1 2. Common Mistkes 2 3. Distributive
More information6 Energy Methods And The Energy of Waves MATH 22C
6 Energy Methods And The Energy of Wves MATH 22C. Conservtion of Energy We discuss the principle of conservtion of energy for ODE s, derive the energy ssocited with the hrmonic oscilltor, nd then use this
More information9 CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS
9 CONTINUOUS DISTIBUTIONS A rndom vrible whose vlue my fll nywhere in rnge of vlues is continuous rndom vrible nd will be ssocited with some continuous distribution. Continuous distributions re to discrete
More informationOperations with Polynomials
38 Chpter P Prerequisites P.4 Opertions with Polynomils Wht you should lern: Write polynomils in stndrd form nd identify the leding coefficients nd degrees of polynomils Add nd subtrct polynomils Multiply
More informationand thus, they are similar. If k = 3 then the Jordan form of both matrices is
Homework ssignment 11 Section 7. pp. 249-25 Exercise 1. Let N 1 nd N 2 be nilpotent mtrices over the field F. Prove tht N 1 nd N 2 re similr if nd only if they hve the sme miniml polynomil. Solution: If
More informationBrillouin Zones. Physics 3P41 Chris Wiebe
Brillouin Zones Physics 3P41 Chris Wiebe Direct spce to reciprocl spce * = 2 i j πδ ij Rel (direct) spce Reciprocl spce Note: The rel spce nd reciprocl spce vectors re not necessrily in the sme direction
More information2005-06 Second Term MAT2060B 1. Supplementary Notes 3 Interchange of Differentiation and Integration
Source: http://www.mth.cuhk.edu.hk/~mt26/mt26b/notes/notes3.pdf 25-6 Second Term MAT26B 1 Supplementry Notes 3 Interchnge of Differentition nd Integrtion The theme of this course is bout vrious limiting
More informationEQUATIONS OF LINES AND PLANES
EQUATIONS OF LINES AND PLANES MATH 195, SECTION 59 (VIPUL NAIK) Corresponding mteril in the ook: Section 12.5. Wht students should definitely get: Prmetric eqution of line given in point-direction nd twopoint
More informationSection 5-4 Trigonometric Functions
5- Trigonometric Functions Section 5- Trigonometric Functions Definition of the Trigonometric Functions Clcultor Evlution of Trigonometric Functions Definition of the Trigonometric Functions Alternte Form
More informationSPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORIZATION
MODULE - Specil Products nd Fctoriztion 4 SPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORIZATION In n erlier lesson you hve lernt multipliction of lgebric epressions, prticulrly polynomils. In the study of lgebr, we come
More informationCOMPONENTS: COMBINED LOADING
LECTURE COMPONENTS: COMBINED LOADING Third Edition A. J. Clrk School of Engineering Deprtment of Civil nd Environmentl Engineering 24 Chpter 8.4 by Dr. Ibrhim A. Asskkf SPRING 2003 ENES 220 Mechnics of
More informationExperiment 6: Friction
Experiment 6: Friction In previous lbs we studied Newton s lws in n idel setting, tht is, one where friction nd ir resistnce were ignored. However, from our everydy experience with motion, we know tht
More informationPhysics 2102 Lecture 2. Physics 2102
Physics 10 Jonthn Dowling Physics 10 Lecture Electric Fields Chrles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806) Jnury 17, 07 Version: 1/17/07 Wht re we going to lern? A rod mp Electric chrge Electric force on other
More information3 The Utility Maximization Problem
3 The Utility Mxiiztion Proble We hve now discussed how to describe preferences in ters of utility functions nd how to forulte siple budget sets. The rtionl choice ssuption, tht consuers pick the best
More informationMATH 150 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS
MATH 150 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS Section 1.8 Show tht the product of two of the numbers 65 1000 8 2001 + 3 177, 79 1212 9 2399 + 2 2001, nd 24 4493 5 8192 + 7 1777 is nonnegtive. Is your proof constructive
More informationIntroduction to Integration Part 2: The Definite Integral
Mthemtics Lerning Centre Introduction to Integrtion Prt : The Definite Integrl Mr Brnes c 999 Universit of Sdne Contents Introduction. Objectives...... Finding Ares 3 Ares Under Curves 4 3. Wht is the
More informationv T R x m Version PREVIEW Practice 7 carroll (11108) 1
Version PEVIEW Prctice 7 crroll (08) his print-out should he 5 questions. Multiple-choice questions y continue on the next colun or pge find ll choices before nswering. Atwood Mchine 05 00 0.0 points A
More informationHarvard College. Math 21a: Multivariable Calculus Formula and Theorem Review
Hrvrd College Mth 21: Multivrible Clculus Formul nd Theorem Review Tommy McWillim, 13 tmcwillim@college.hrvrd.edu December 15, 2009 1 Contents Tble of Contents 4 9 Vectors nd the Geometry of Spce 5 9.1
More informationBasic Analysis of Autarky and Free Trade Models
Bsic Anlysis of Autrky nd Free Trde Models AUTARKY Autrky condition in prticulr commodity mrket refers to sitution in which country does not engge in ny trde in tht commodity with other countries. Consequently
More informationExample 27.1 Draw a Venn diagram to show the relationship between counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers.
2 Rtionl Numbers Integers such s 5 were importnt when solving the eqution x+5 = 0. In similr wy, frctions re importnt for solving equtions like 2x = 1. Wht bout equtions like 2x + 1 = 0? Equtions of this
More informationCHAPTER 11 Numerical Differentiation and Integration
CHAPTER 11 Numericl Differentition nd Integrtion Differentition nd integrtion re bsic mthemticl opertions with wide rnge of pplictions in mny res of science. It is therefore importnt to hve good methods
More information4. DC MOTORS. Understand the basic principles of operation of a DC motor. Understand the operation and basic characteristics of simple DC motors.
4. DC MOTORS Almost every mechnicl movement tht we see round us is ccomplished by n electric motor. Electric mchines re mens o converting energy. Motors tke electricl energy nd produce mechnicl energy.
More informationEcon 4721 Money and Banking Problem Set 2 Answer Key
Econ 472 Money nd Bnking Problem Set 2 Answer Key Problem (35 points) Consider n overlpping genertions model in which consumers live for two periods. The number of people born in ech genertion grows in
More informationCypress Creek High School IB Physics SL/AP Physics B 2012 2013 MP2 Test 1 Newton s Laws. Name: SOLUTIONS Date: Period:
Nme: SOLUTIONS Dte: Period: Directions: Solve ny 5 problems. You my ttempt dditionl problems for extr credit. 1. Two blocks re sliding to the right cross horizontl surfce, s the drwing shows. In Cse A
More informationMODULE 3. 0, y = 0 for all y
Topics: Inner products MOULE 3 The inner product of two vectors: The inner product of two vectors x, y V, denoted by x, y is (in generl) complex vlued function which hs the following four properties: i)
More informationLecture 5. Inner Product
Lecture 5 Inner Product Let us strt with the following problem. Given point P R nd line L R, how cn we find the point on the line closest to P? Answer: Drw line segment from P meeting the line in right
More informationDistributions. (corresponding to the cumulative distribution function for the discrete case).
Distributions Recll tht n integrble function f : R [,] such tht R f()d = is clled probbility density function (pdf). The distribution function for the pdf is given by F() = (corresponding to the cumultive
More informationA.7.1 Trigonometric interpretation of dot product... 324. A.7.2 Geometric interpretation of dot product... 324
A P P E N D I X A Vectors CONTENTS A.1 Scling vector................................................ 321 A.2 Unit or Direction vectors...................................... 321 A.3 Vector ddition.................................................
More informationModule Summary Sheets. C3, Methods for Advanced Mathematics (Version B reference to new book) Topic 2: Natural Logarithms and Exponentials
MEI Mthemtics in Ection nd Instry Topic : Proof MEI Structured Mthemtics Mole Summry Sheets C, Methods for Anced Mthemtics (Version B reference to new book) Topic : Nturl Logrithms nd Eponentils Topic
More informationVersion 001 Summer Review #03 tubman (IBII20142015) 1
Version 001 Summer Reiew #03 tubmn (IBII20142015) 1 This print-out should he 35 questions. Multiple-choice questions my continue on the next column or pge find ll choices before nswering. Concept 20 P03
More informationSmall Business Networking
Why network is n essentil productivity tool for ny smll business Effective technology is essentil for smll businesses looking to increse the productivity of their people nd business. Introducing technology
More informationAppendix D: Completing the Square and the Quadratic Formula. In Appendix A, two special cases of expanding brackets were considered:
Appendi D: Completing the Squre nd the Qudrtic Formul Fctoring qudrtic epressions such s: + 6 + 8 ws one of the topics introduced in Appendi C. Fctoring qudrtic epressions is useful skill tht cn help you
More informationCHAPTER 6 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
CHAPTER 6 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT 6. Introduction Most of us re fmilir with the more obvious properties of mgnets nd compss needles. A mgnet, often in the form of short iron br, will ttrct
More informationSmall Business Networking
Why network is n essentil productivity tool for ny smll business Effective technology is essentil for smll businesses looking to increse the productivity of their people nd processes. Introducing technology
More informationEuler Euler Everywhere Using the Euler-Lagrange Equation to Solve Calculus of Variation Problems
Euler Euler Everywhere Using the Euler-Lgrnge Eqution to Solve Clculus of Vrition Problems Jenine Smllwood Principles of Anlysis Professor Flschk My 12, 1998 1 1. Introduction Clculus of vritions is brnch
More informationVectors. The magnitude of a vector is its length, which can be determined by Pythagoras Theorem. The magnitude of a is written as a.
Vectors mesurement which onl descries the mgnitude (i.e. size) of the oject is clled sclr quntit, e.g. Glsgow is 11 miles from irdrie. vector is quntit with mgnitude nd direction, e.g. Glsgow is 11 miles
More informationLinear Equations in Two Variables
Liner Equtions in Two Vribles In this chpter, we ll use the geometry of lines to help us solve equtions. Liner equtions in two vribles If, b, ndr re rel numbers (nd if nd b re not both equl to 0) then
More information10 AREA AND VOLUME 1. Before you start. Objectives
10 AREA AND VOLUME 1 The Tower of Pis is circulr bell tower. Construction begn in the 1170s, nd the tower strted lening lmost immeditely becuse of poor foundtion nd loose soil. It is 56.7 metres tll, with
More informationTITLE THE PRINCIPLES OF COIN-TAP METHOD OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
TITLE THE PRINCIPLES OF COIN-TAP METHOD OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING Sung Joon Kim*, Dong-Chul Che Kore Aerospce Reserch Institute, 45 Eoeun-Dong, Youseong-Gu, Dejeon, 35-333, Kore Phone : 82-42-86-231 FAX
More informationFactoring Polynomials
Fctoring Polynomils Some definitions (not necessrily ll for secondry school mthemtics): A polynomil is the sum of one or more terms, in which ech term consists of product of constnt nd one or more vribles
More informationSmall Business Networking
Why network is n essentil productivity tool for ny smll business Effective technology is essentil for smll businesses looking to increse the productivity of their people nd business. Introducing technology
More informationExponential and Logarithmic Functions
Nme Chpter Eponentil nd Logrithmic Functions Section. Eponentil Functions nd Their Grphs Objective: In this lesson ou lerned how to recognize, evlute, nd grph eponentil functions. Importnt Vocbulr Define
More informationHomework 3 Solutions
CS 341: Foundtions of Computer Science II Prof. Mrvin Nkym Homework 3 Solutions 1. Give NFAs with the specified numer of sttes recognizing ech of the following lnguges. In ll cses, the lphet is Σ = {,1}.
More informationRegular Sets and Expressions
Regulr Sets nd Expressions Finite utomt re importnt in science, mthemtics, nd engineering. Engineers like them ecuse they re super models for circuits (And, since the dvent of VLSI systems sometimes finite
More informationVector differentiation. Chapters 6, 7
Chpter 2 Vectors Courtesy NASA/JPL-Cltech Summry (see exmples in Hw 1, 2, 3) Circ 1900 A.D., J. Willird Gis invented useful comintion of mgnitude nd direction clled vectors nd their higher-dimensionl counterprts
More informationLectures 8 and 9 1 Rectangular waveguides
1 Lectures 8 nd 9 1 Rectngulr wveguides y b x z Consider rectngulr wveguide with 0 < x b. There re two types of wves in hollow wveguide with only one conductor; Trnsverse electric wves
More informationAssessing authentically in the Graduate Diploma of Education
Assessing uthenticlly in the Grdute Diplom of Eduction Dr Mree DinnThompson Dr Ruth Hickey Dr Michelle Lsen WIL Seminr JCU Nov 12 2009 Key ides plnning process tht embeds uthentic ssessment, workintegrted
More informationPHY 222 Lab 8 MOTION OF ELECTRONS IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
PHY 222 Lb 8 MOTION OF ELECTRONS IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS Nme: Prtners: INTRODUCTION Before coming to lb, plese red this pcket nd do the prelb on pge 13 of this hndout. From previous experiments,
More informationBasically, logarithmic transformations ask, a number, to what power equals another number?
Wht i logrithm? To nwer thi, firt try to nwer the following: wht i x in thi eqution? 9 = 3 x wht i x in thi eqution? 8 = 2 x Biclly, logrithmic trnformtion k, number, to wht power equl nother number? In
More informationClipping & Scan Conversion. CSE167: Computer Graphics Instructor: Steve Rotenberg UCSD, Fall 2005
Clipping & Scn Conersion CSE167: Computer Grphics Instructor: Stee Rotenberg UCSD, Fll 2005 Project 2 Render 3D hnd (mde up of indiidul boxes) using hierrchicl trnsformtions (push/pop) The hnd should perform
More informationMath 314, Homework Assignment 1. 1. Prove that two nonvertical lines are perpendicular if and only if the product of their slopes is 1.
Mth 4, Homework Assignment. Prove tht two nonverticl lines re perpendiculr if nd only if the product of their slopes is. Proof. Let l nd l e nonverticl lines in R of slopes m nd m, respectively. Suppose
More informationM5A42 APPLIED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES PROBLEM SHEET 1 SOLUTIONS Term 1 2010-2011
M5A42 APPLIED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES PROBLEM SHEET 1 SOLUTIONS Term 1 21-211 1. Clculte the men, vrince nd chrcteristic function of the following probbility density functions. ) The exponentil distribution
More informationCHAPTER 9: Moments of Inertia
HPTER 9: Moments of nerti! Moment of nerti of res! Second Moment, or Moment of nerti, of n re! Prllel-is Theorem! Rdius of Grtion of n re! Determintion of the Moment of nerti of n re ntegrtion! Moments
More informationProject 6 Aircraft static stability and control
Project 6 Aircrft sttic stbility nd control The min objective of the project No. 6 is to compute the chrcteristics of the ircrft sttic stbility nd control chrcteristics in the pitch nd roll chnnel. The
More information2 DIODE CLIPPING and CLAMPING CIRCUITS
2 DIODE CLIPPING nd CLAMPING CIRCUITS 2.1 Ojectives Understnding the operting principle of diode clipping circuit Understnding the operting principle of clmping circuit Understnding the wveform chnge of
More informationPROBLEM 4.1 SOLUTION. Knowing that the couple shown acts in a vertical plane, determine the stress at (a) point A, (b) point B.
PROBLEM.1 Knowing tht the couple shown cts in verticl plne, determine the stress t () point A, (b) point B. SOLUTON () (b) For rectngle: For cross sectionl re: 1 = bh 1 1 = 1 + + = ()(1.5) + ()(5.5) +
More information