Marine Biology Worksheet I. Answers to selected questions
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1 Marine Biology Worksheet I Answers to selected questions
2 #1 What are the names of the world s 4 largest ocean basins? List them from largest to smallest. Pacific The largest and deepest is the The next largest is the Atlantic The 3 rd largest is the Indian Arctic The smallest and shallowest is the Even though you textbook does not list this, Sherry considers the Southern Ocean a major ocean basin and an unique ecosystem.
3 Question # 1 The World s Major Ocean Basins D C A B Sherry s addition! A. Pacific Atlantic B. C. Indian D. Arctic
4 Question #3 C A B A. Core Mantle B. Continental Crust C. Oceanic Crust D. D
5 Question #4: (4 not 5 differences) Oceanic versus Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Continental Crust High Density Thin Dark in color Rock type is Basalt Low Density Can be Thick Think about Mt. Everest Light in color Rock type is Granite
6 Question #5 Density = Mass Volume The supercontinent that existed when the dinosaurs were alive. Africa, South America, and Australia had no ocean between them Pangea: at this time. The sea between Eurasia and Africa at the time the continents were fused into the supercontinent Pangea. Coral reef originated in the Tethys Sea: Tethys
7 Question #6 Where is new crust created? Mid-ocean ridges (divergent plate boundaries) Where is the earth s crust destroyed? Subduction zones (convergent plate boundaries)
8 Question # 7 A C B Subduction zone / convergent plate boundary A. Oceanic plate subducting under continental plate B. Continental plate C.
9 Question # 7 Volcanic Island D. Subduction zone/convergent plate boundary Mid-ocean ridge/ Divergent plate boundary E. F. Subduction zone/convergent plate boundary G. Oceanic plate H. Mid-ocean ridge I. D E F G H I J. Mantle
10 Question #9 What are the 4 major sources f evidence for plate tectonics? The east side of South America and the Have coastlines and geologic features West side of Africa Fossils of an extinct reptile are found on both The east coast of South America and the West coast of Africa The thickness of sediment on the ocean floor increased as you The age of the oceanic crust increases as you move Move away from mid-ocean ridges that fit together like the pieces of a puzzle Move away from mid-ocean ridges
11 Question # 10 A. Continental shelf B. Shelf break C. Continental slope A E F D. Continental rise E. Sediment F. Abyssal plain
12 A. Feeding levels B. Photosynthesis 1-2% efficient C. 10% Efficient Phytoplankton D. E. Small carnivorous fish F. Larger carnivorous fish A It would take 10,000 pounds of phytoplankton to create a 10 pound tuna. F E C B Herbivorous zooplankton - copepods D
13 Question # 13 Define the following terms: Osmolality: Ion: Brownian movement: Solute: A measure of the solute (salt) concentration. Human blood is 300 milliosmoles of 0.9% salt A charges atom. Examples include sodium ions (Na + ) and chlorine ions (Cl - ) The random movement of molecules due to kinetic energy. The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy, the faster the rate of Brownian movement. The stuff to be dissolved when making a solution. (Sugar, salt, etc.) Solvent: What the solute is dissolved in. The solvent of living organisms is water.
14 Question #15 How do the following factors effect the density of sea water? An increase in temperature? Decreases density An increase in salinity? Increases density A decrease in temperature? Increases density High evaporation rate? Increases density Cold air temperatures near the arctic circle? Increases density since cold air cools the surface water which makes it denser
15 # 17: Explain how the following diagram is related to getting oxygen into the deep ocean. 1. As you move toward the poles the air temperature decreases. 2. Cold air chills the surface water causing the density to increase. 3. When sea ice forms salt is left behind causing the density to increase 4. The cold salty dense surface water sinks bringing oxygen to the ocean depths. Note that there is no thermocline at the poles 5. The surface water has oxygen due to two things: There is enough light at the surface for photosynthesis. Oxygen is a by product of photosynthesis. Waves and wind mix oxygen in air into the surface water. Thermocline
16 # 34 Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. The movement of water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. I. Distilled water II. 25% Salt III. 0.9% Salt A. Solution I is hyposmotic it has less salt the cell B. Solution III is isosmotic it has the same salt concentration as the cell C. Solution II is hyperosmotic it has more salt than the cell. D. The cell in solution I would gain water by osmosis. Distilled water is 100% water. The cell has a 99.1% water concentration. Water will move into the cell since the water concentration is higher outside the cell. E. The cell in solution II would lose water by osmosis. The water concentration is higher inside the cell than it is in the solution.
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