MIME262 Properties of Materials in Electrical Engineering
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1 MIME262 Properties of Materials in Electrical Engineering If you are signed up for ECSE 212, you are in the right place, but you need to drop ECSE 212 and register for MIME262. Course consists of lectures and tutorials Lectures Mondays & Wednesdays, 4:35 PM 5:55 PM, Trottier 0100 In lecture, new material will be presented on the topics listed in the course schedule. The lecture does not supersede reading the book. Homework will be assigned and important announcements will be made. Tutorials Group A, Wednesday, 8:35 AM 9:25 AM, Trottier 0060 Group B, Thursday, 2:35 PM 3:25 PM, Trottier 2110 Group C, Monday, 3:35 PM 4:25 PM, Trottier 0070 In tutorials, short reviews of lectures will be given, homework problems will be solved and group work on problems will be carried out. Quizzes will be given in the tutorials.
2 Textbook(s) Required Text Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction (7th Edition), W.D. Callister, Jr. (Wiley, New York, 2006). ISBN This text will be used for every aspect of this course: assigned readings, lectures, tutorials, problem sets, and WebCT content. Companion Text Materials Science for Electrical and Electronic Engineers, I.P. Jones (Oxford Press, Oxford, 2001). ISBN This is a recommended text and will be used to supplement the required text for lectures, problem sets and WebCT content. It will be placed on reserve in the Schulich Library. There are many other good introductory materials science and engineering textbooks available in the Schulich Library.
3 WebCT and Wiley Website Please check the course s WebCT site frequently for announcements. WebCT will be used for all electronic correspondence. In the event you need to your instructor, use the mail function in WebCT. Expect a 24 hour turnaround on weekdays and a 48 hour turnaround on weekends. During weeks where there will be a WebCT quiz due on Friday at 5 PM, the latest that the quiz will be posted online will be Thursday morning. Text Website: Additional Chapters (Chapters 19-23) Complete solutions to selected problems Links to other web resources Extended learning objectives Self-assessment exercises
4 Course Evaluation For most of the course, we will alternate between WebCT quizzes one week and quizzes in the tutorial sections the next. WebCT quizzes will be due on Fridays by 5 PM. The tutorial quizzes will be given Wednesday through Monday (i.e. the week indicated on the calendar indicates that quizzes will start that Wednesday for group A and finish with Group C on the following Monday). Two exams will be given, a mid-term on February 26th and the final exam. These will be worth 70% of the total grade. Breakdown of marks WebCT Quizzes 10% Tutorial Quizzes^ 20% Mid-Term Exam* 30% Final Exam 40% ^Take the quiz in your assigned tutorial. *Make-ups given only for emergencies. *Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.
5 Homework? Selected problems from Callister are worked out on the Wiley website. You should study and understand these. Additional questions and problems will be assigned from Callister (announced in lecture and posted on WebCT). Questions and problems NOT from Callister may be periodically posted to WebCT. When do we do the homework? Is it graded? You should work on the homework outside of class. Also, selected problems will be solved in tutorial sections and you will work on homework and other problems in the tutorials. Homework is NOT graded. Solution sets will eventually be posted on WebCT.
6 Instructors and Teaching Assistants Professor Richard R. Chromik Wong Building, Rm Ph: Please use WebCT Office hours: TBA and by appt. Mister Arya Fatehi Wong Building, Rm Ph: ext Contact via WebCT or use Office hours: TBA and by appt. Mister Hashem Mousavi Wong Building, Rm. 3M040 (Mezzanine level above the MMPC lab) Ph: ext Contact via WebCT or use Office hours: TBA and by appt.
7 Why are you here?
8 Electrical Engineering Design and develop new devices for cutting edge applications Computers Communications Complex control systems Lastest buzz words Quantum computing Nano-electronics Nano-optics MEMS and NEMS Devices are built with REAL materials. They also require some interface with the outside world, i.e. PACKAGING (more materials).
9 S MACROSTRUCTURE MICROSTRUCTURE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BONDING ATOMS STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
10 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS MECHANICAL N CHEMICAL OPTICAL Fe Fe e - S ELECTRICAL MACROSTRUCTURE MICROSTRUCTURE THERMAL CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BONDING ATOMS STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
11 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS MECHANICAL N CHEMICAL OPTICAL Fe Fe e - S ELECTRICAL MACROSTRUCTURE MICROSTRUCTURE THERMAL CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BONDING ATOMS STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
12 FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY
13 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses)
14 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) ELECTRICAL ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses) With respect to electrical properties, describe the function/role of the materials listed above.
15 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) ELECTRICAL ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses)
16 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals THERMAL ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses) With respect to thermal properties, describe the function/role of the materials listed above.
17 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) MECHANICAL ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses) With respect to mechanical properties, describe the function/role of the materials listed above.
18 HEATSINK Al or Cu FLIP CHIP BALL GRID ARRAY CHIP Si and interconnects (Cu, Al, other metals) CHEMICAL ENCAPSULANT Epoxy, polymers and glasses SOLDER Pb, Sn other metals FR4 Board Cu and insulators (polymers, glasses) Fe Fe e - With respect to chemical properties, describe the function/role of the materials listed above.
19 Types of Materials Metals: Strong, ductile high thermal & electrical conductivity opaque, reflective. Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of e s Soft, ductile, low strength, low density thermal & electrical insulators Optically translucent or transparent. Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides) Brittle, glassy, elastic non-conducting (insulators)
20 The Materials Selection Process 1. Pick Application Determine required Properties Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, chemical. 2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s) Material: structure, composition. 3. Material Identify required Processing Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.
21 MIME262 Properties of Materials in Electrical Engineering By the end of this course, students will be able to: Classify materials based on their properties. Explain how properties are measured. Explain how structure is characterized at different length scales. Recognize links between structure and properties for a variety of materials. Illustrate the use of different materials in the field of electrical engineering. Apply their knowledge of materials in their chosen field of electrical engineering.
22 MIME262 Properties of Materials in Electrical Engineering MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS MECHANICAL N CHEMICAL OPTICAL Fe Fe e - S ELECTRICAL MACROSTRUCTURE MICROSTRUCTURE THERMAL CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BONDING ATOMS STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS Starting point Review of atoms, electronic structure and periodic table
23 Atomic Structure (Freshman Chem.) atom electrons 9.11 x kg protons } neutrons 1.67 x kg atomic number (Z) = # of protons in nucleus of atom = # of electrons of neutral species
24 Atomic Structure Valence electrons determine which of the four following properties?
25 Electronic Structure Electrons have wavelike and particulate properties. This means that electrons are in orbitals defined by a probability. Each orbital at discrete energy level determined by quantum numbers. Quantum # Designation n = principal K, L, M, N, O (1, 2, 3, etc.) (number of the shell, defines roughly the energy of the electron) l = orbital s, p, d, f (0, 1, 2, 3,, n -1) (defines shape of orbit and angular momentum, small effect on energy) m l = magnetic 1, 3, 5, 7 (-l to +l) (no effect on energy unless in a magnetic field) m s = spin ½, -½ (spin of the electron about its center, small energy effect)
26 Electronic Structure Electrons have wavelike and particulate properties. This means that electrons are in orbitals defined by a probability. Each orbital at discrete energy level determined by quantum numbers.
27 Electron Energy States Electrons... have discrete energy states tend to occupy lowest available energy state. 4d 4p N-shell n = 4 3d 4s Energy 3p M-shell n = 3 3s 2p 2s Adapted from Fig. 2.4, Callister 7e. L-shell n = 2 1s K-shell n = 1
28 Electron Energy States
29 SURVEY OF ELEMENTS Most elements: Electron configuration not stable. Element Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon... Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminum... Argon... Krypton Atomic # Electron configuration 1s 1 1s 2 (stable) 1s 2 2s 1 1s 2 2s 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p s 2 2s 2 2p 6 (stable) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 (stable)... 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 (stable) Adapted from Table 2.2, Callister 7e. Why? Valence (outer) shell usually not filled completely.
30 Electron Configurations Valence electrons those in unfilled shells Filled shells more stable Valence electrons are most available for bonding and tend to control the chemical properties example: C (atomic number = 6) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 valence electrons
31 Electronic Configurations ex: Fe - atomic # = 26 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 4s 2 4d 4p 3d N-shell n = 4 valence electrons 4s Energy 3p M-shell n = 3 3s 2p 2s Adapted from Fig. 2.4, Callister 7e. L-shell n = 2 1s K-shell n = 1
32 Next time Lecture Different types of bonding, why they occur and for what atoms. Crystal structures Tutorials Start tomorrow with Group B Take a short survery & ungraded quiz Assignments Read the sections of Callister defined on course schedule. Start looking at solved problems for Ch. 2 on the Wiley website:
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