PORTUGAL. Colonies. AFRICA

Transcription

1 249 PORTUGAL Area: Portugal (mainland)... 89,700 sq. km. Adjacent islands: Azores... 2,600,,,, Madeira ,,. Population (xi ).... 6,655,000 Density per sq. km. (mainland and islands).71.6 Colonies. AFRICA Area Population Cape Verde (xii. I929)... 3,900 sq. km. I54,00o Guinea (estimate) ,000,,,, 338,000 St. Thomas and Prince's Islands (xii. I92I) 900,,, 59,000 Angola (xii. 1926)... 1,256,000,,,, 2,512,000 Mozambique (estimate 1929) ,000,,,, 3,700,000 ASIA India (G6a, Damao and Diu) (1921)... 3,800,,,, 532,000 Macao (in. 1927)... I4,,, I157,000 OCEANIA Timor and Kambing (xii. 1927) ,000,,,, 452,000 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARMED FORCES The armed forces of Portugal consist of the home army and the colonial army. The home armed forces are composed of the land army, the air force and the navy, the two former being under the Ministry of War and the third under the Ministry of Marine. The home army comprises the regular army and the army reserve. In peace time, the army is employed in recruiting, training and preparing for mobilisation the units and formations which are to be embodied in the field army ; it provides the colonial army with the units and services

2 250 PORTUGAL which it requires, and it assists, when called upon, in maintaining public order, together with the other organisations specially intended for that purpose. The colonial army comprises the whole of the military forces organised in each colony, their main purpose being to act as a garrison and defence force. The military forces of a colony may be employed in another colony, in the home country, or even abroad, should a national emergency require. The colonial troops are under the Colonial Minister, who acts through the various Governors. It is the duty of the Colonial Minister, and of the colonial authorities placed immediately under his orders, to use the colonial and home troops for the purpose of safeguarding the internal security of the colonies in which they are stationed. I. Army. ORGANS OF MILITARY COMMAND AND ADMINISTRATION MINISTRY OF WAR. The Minister of War is the supreme head of the Army. The Ministry of War consists of the Minister's Secretariat, three Directorates General, a General Department (pensions, civil employees, etc.), and the Army Council. In time of war, the Government of the Republic appoints a Commander-in-Chief, who is under the Ministry of War-and is in command of all troops and army services. SUPREME COUNQIL FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE. The Prime Minister is Chairman of the Supreme Council for National Defence, which consists of members of the Navy and Army Councils. The two latter Councils may act in combination or separately. The Supreme Council considers all ministerial proposals relating to preparation for war and the general defence of the country. ARMY STAFF. The Army Staff is a department of the third Directorate General of the Ministry of War, which is placed under the orders of a general officer, known as the Chief of the Army Staff. The Army Staff deals with the question of preparation for war, the training of the troops, the measures necessary for organising mobilisation, etc.

3 PORTUGAL 25I ARMY COUNCIL. The Army Council, which is a department of the Ministry of War, is presided over by the Minister of War, and consists of the Adjutant- General, the Administrator-General, the Chief of the Army Staff, the Directors of Arms and Services, the Area Commandants and the Military Governor of Lisbon. The functions of thearmy Council are advisory. NATIONAL AIR COUNCIL. The National Air Council is under the Prime Minister, and is inter-ministerial in character. It is a permanent advisory body for all questions relating to civil aviation. It studies national and international air policy and establishes liaison with the naval and military air forces through the respective Directorates so as to co-ordinate those forces and the forces of civil aviation with a view to preparing for the defence of the country, etc. ORGANISATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY i. HOME ARMY. i. Higher units : 2 cavalry brigades. Each cavalry brigade consists, in peace time, of 3 regiments (temporarily 2), a motor machine-gun squadron, a cyclist battalion and a horse artillery group. In peace time, the army has no permanent organised unit higher than a brigade in the case of the cavalry, a regiment in the other arms, and a company in the services. 2. Arms and services. Infantry : 21 regiments; 4 independent battalions; 9 battalions of light infantry; 2 cyclist battalions; 3 machine-gun battalions. Each infantry regiment consists of cadres for 2 battalions (regimental service and training service). Each battalion has 4 companies. Each battalion of light infantry comprises 5 companies, including a machine-gun company; each cyclist battalion comprises 3 companies, including a machine-gun company. Each machine-gun battalion has 3 companies. Infantry regiments, in peace time, are exclusively territorial units, intended as training centres for infantry recruits and as mobilisation centres for independent rifle companies, infantry battalions and accessory equipment companies and headquarter companies of field regiments.

4 252 PORTUGAL Light infantry and cyclist battalions are essentially field units specially intended for the professional training of regular cadres, the advanced training of specialists, and general instruction. Machine-gun companies are intended as training and mobilisation centres for machine-gun companies of an average or more than average calibre, not attached to infantry battalions. Heavy artillery: Cavalry : 4 cavalry regiments; 5 territorial cavalry regiments. Each regiment contains 4 squadrons and I depot squadron; territorial regiments contain 3 squadrons and i depot squadron. Cavalry regiments are cavalry training-centres; brigaded regiments are essentially field units; territorial regiments may or may not be used as field units; they are mobilisation centres for squadrons and groups of squadrons as well as training-centres. Artillery : Light artillery 5 regiments; 8 (provisionally4) independent mixed batteries of mounted artillery; 4 batteries of horse artillery; 8 (provisionally 6) batteries of mountain artillery. 2 regiments (provisionally 2 independent groups). Coast artillery: 2 regiments comprising 5 tactical groups (13 batteries); i submarine coast-defence group (3 batteries); i mobile defence group; i specialist group (2 companies). The regiments of light artillery are purely territorial units intended essentially as training centres for light artillery recruits and as mobilisation centres for the artillery headquarters and for the light artillery batteries and groups of batteries. Engineers: 2 regiments of sappers and miners (provisionally I regiment of 3 groups); I bridge train battalion; i regiment of telegraphists; i regiment of railway sappers; i motor transport battalion of 2 companies. Each regiment of sappers and miners consists of 3 groups forming a total of 8 companies, plus the drivers' and park companies. The bridge train battalion comprises 3 companies, plus the drivers' and park companies. The regiment of telegraphists consists of 3 groups with a total of 8 companies, plus the drivers' and park companies. The regiment of railway sappers contains 4 groups, the last being not yet formed, making 9 companies in all, plus the drivers' and park company.

5 PORTUGAL 253 Air force i defence and fighting regiment of 2 groups; i bombing regiment of 2 groups; 2 observation groups. Provisionally, the air units are as follows (on September Ioth, I930) i defence and fighting group of 2 flights; i bombing group of 2 flights; i observation group of 2 flights. The air force also includes a balloon battalion of 3 companies (provisionally 2 companies). AIR MATERIAL OF THE LAND ARMED FORCES.' (Extract from the communication from the Portuguese Government, dated September 2nd, I93I.) 2 Number of aeroplanes... I29 Total horse-power... 35,980 The Portuguese army also contains a certain number of services such as the medical service (3 companies), the veterinary service, the military administrative service (3 companies), etc. 2. COLONIAL ARMY. i. Higher units: 2 cavalry brigades. 2. Arms and services. Infantry : 25 infantry regiments; 12 light infantry battalions; 2 cyclist battalions; i machine-gun battalion. The infantry also includes a number of anti-aircraft machine-gun companies, accessory equipment companies and tank companies. Cavalry : II regiments,' 5 being independent. Artillery: Light artillery: 5 regiments; 12 independent mixed batteries; 3 horse artillery batteries; Heavy artillery: Coast and position artillery: 9 mountain artillery batteries. 3 regiments, including i regiment of large calibre artillery. 2 coast artillery battalions; 4 artillery batteries for mobile defence, 3 being intended for the neighbouring islands; I specialist company. ' For air material of the sea armed forces see under " Navy ". 2 Document C.6 5 o.m.262.i9 3 I.IX (Conf. D. 19).

6 254 PORTUGAL Train: Io companies. Engineers : 2 regiments of sappers and miners; i regiment of telegraphists; i regiment of railway engineers; I bridge train battalion; i motor-transport battalion; 5 motor-train companies. Air force : fighter-aeroplane regiment; i bombing regiment; 2 observation groups; i coast-defence group of fighter flights; i train flight; i military balloon battalion with 3 companies. The air force also includes 6 anti-aircraft defence groups. The Colonial army has also a number of services such as the medical service (5 companies), the veterinary service and the military administrative service. SUMMARY TABLE OF UNITS. home Country: Brigades Regiments Battalions Squadrons Companies Batteries Higher units Infantry Cavalry Artillery... Light Heavy Coast Engineers Airi force Oversea Territories: Higher units... 2 Infantry Cavalry Artillery:. I x I- Light * Heavy Coast and positional... 2 i 4I4 Train.... Io0 Engineers Air force Including x8 battalions, 3 being machine-gun battalions, not regimented, and 42 cadre battalions. 2 Including 4 territorial regiments. 'Not including depot squadrons. 'Independent batteries. Provisionally 2 groups. 'Provisionally 3 regiments. Independent battalions. Provisionally 3 groups. Independent companies. " Independent battalion.

7 PORTUGAL 255 AUXILIARY IFORCES NATIONAL REPUBLICAN GUARD. The National Republican Guard is under the Ministry of the Interior. It consists of a cavalry regiment (4 squadrons), 5 infantry battalions, of which 3 mixed companies comprising infantry and cavalry troops (26 companies) and a heavy machine-gun section. These troops are distributed throughout the country to maintain public order. The mobilisation of the National Republican Guard depends upon certain measures. REVENUE GUARD. The Revenue Guard, which is under the Ministry of Finance, comprises 3 battalions (i6 companies) on the mainland and 4 companies in the islands. The mobilisation of the Revenue Guard depends upon certain measures. PUBLIC SECURITY POLICE AND CIVIL POLICE. The police forces are under the Ministry of the Interior. The budgetary strength for I930-3i was 5,295 officers and other ranks. MATERIAL IN SERVICE ('93I) Class Number (a) Small-Arms. Rifles 6.5 mm. m/9o4 (Mauser Vergueiro)... 55,752,, 7.7 mm. m/9i7 (Lee Enfield)... 13,495 8 mm. m/86 (Kr6patcheck)......,213 8 mm. m/ I8,o88 Carbines 6.5 mm. m/96 (Maennlicher) ,200,, 8 mm. m/ ,I02 8 mm. m/86-99 (Kr6patcheck) mm. m/86-9i S. for cavalry Pistols 7.65 mm. m/9o8 (Parabellum) ,256, 7.65 mm. m/915 (Savage) ,145 Revolvers m/78 and m/ ,835,, m/84 (St. Etienne, Abadie and Smith) (b) Light artillery guns and machine-guns. Light machine-guns 7.7 mm. m/g93 (Vickers-Bertier) Machine-guns 6.5 mm. m/9o (Maxim) mm. (Hotchkiss) mm. m/i (Vickers) m/9i 7... I83 light 7.7 mm. m/i (Lewis) mm. m/i (Lewis) for airplanes (Vickers) for airplanes... 6

8 256 PORTUGAL MATERIAL IN SERVICE (continued) (1931) Class Number (b) Light artillery guns and machine-guns (continued). Automatic pistols (Bergman) 9 mm. and J.P.H.. 18 carbines 7.65 m/929 C Howitzers 11.4 T.R. m./gi/ Guns 7 M.T.R. m/go6 and m/ii Io,, 7.5 cm. T.R. m/904 and m/ IIo 7.5 cm. T.A. m/goo... Light machine-guns 7.7 mm. m/930 (Madsern) (c) Heavy and coast artillery. Howitzers 15 T.R. m/goi and m/9g C. m /9o Guns 7.5 cm. C.T.R. m/9o2..., 8 cm. m/74 and m/ , 9 cm. m/75 and m/78 (Krupp)... 24, 15 cm. C.T.R. m/97 and , 5 cm. C. m / P. m/72 m/78 and m/ /45 (7" American)... 2, 26 C. m / (d) Mortars. Trench, 7.5 cm cm... 6 RECRUITING SYSTEM AND PERIOD OF SERVICE i. HOME ARMY. Military service is compulsory. It lasts for 28 years, and is divided as follows: With the colours: 4 years (from 21 to 24). In the regular army reserve : i6 years (from 25 to 40). In the territorial reserve: 5 years (from 41 to 45). In the recruits' reserve: 3 years (from i8 to 20). The period of service with the colours is 15 months in the land army and air force. Seven months of this service are spent at the school of recruits, and for 8 months the recruits are given professional training with permanent cadres ; after the first 3 months of training, all recruits are regarded as mobilisable. Men discharged from the active army may be called up by the Minister of War by simply sending them a notice; men in the regular and territorial reserves may only be called up by a legal enactment by the Executive. Service in the National Republican Guard and in the Revenue Guard (corps of Customs officers) is on a voluntary basis.

9 PORTUGAL 257 RESULT OF THE EXAMINATION OF RECRUITS. (I930.) (Army and Navy.) Number of men enrolled... 94,633 Number of men examined ,512 Declared fit... 27,043 Exempt... 38,469 Posted to the following arms : Engineers... 2,625 Artillery and cavalry... 8,193 Coast artillery Infantry... 3,283 Medical service... 1,044 Military administration... i,083 Navy Volunteers... 1,513 RECRUITING OF OFFICERS AND N.C.O.s. Army officers are divided into officers of the permanent cadres and militia officers. Officers of the permanent cadres are specially trained for permanent service in the various arms and services of the army. Militia officers are intended to supplement the cadres on mobilisation. Their service with the colours in peace time is contingent in character. Men are admitted to the cadres of the various arms from the Military School and the sergeants' training courses. Soldiers are promoted to various posts when they have done a certain number of years' service, attended the recruits' courses, and completed a regimental school. 2. COLONIAL ARMY. The colonial troops include Europeans as well as natives, both being, in principle, compulsorily recruited. The period of compulsory military service for natives is 15 years - viz., Io years with the active army or in the permanent cadres and 5 years in the territorial reserve. Men of the home army who serve in the colonial army perform 4 years' service. The cadres of officers and N.C.O.s are filled by drafts from the home country and borne on the budget of the colony concerned. PREPARATORY MILITARY TRAINING A course of preparatory military training has been instituted in all the faculties of the Universities, in all the high schools, and in all the public and private schools at which elementary or secondary education is given. Attendance at these courses is compulsory for youths above 14 years of age who join the faculties or schools in question. I7

10 258 PORTUGAL EFFECTIVES I. AVERAGE EFFECTIVES OF THE ARMED FORCES. (I930-3I.) (Extract from the communication from the Portuguese Government, dated September 2nd, 1931.) 1 Maximum land armed forces stationed In the home country Overseas Total effectives Officers Total effectives Officers Land armed forces... 50, ,901 2 Io,668 a 382 Air armed forces Total effectives Officers Maximum of the total armed forces.. 61,143 5,283 Including the forces stationed in the Azores and Madeira, together with the effectives of the air force, the National Republican Guard, and the Revenue Guard. Of the total of 50,475, 5,612 are N.C.O.s. Of these, 4,76i belong to the regular cadres. The remainder (851) will be gradually reduced in number until they are all discharged. In , as an extraordinary measure during thirty days, about 5,000 men were called up daily. These effectives are included in the total effectives in the above table. 3,087 of the above 4,901 officers belong to the regular cadres. The remaining 1,814 will gradually be reduced until they are all discharged. Cape Verde (87), Guinea (394), St. Thomas and Prince's Islands (I47), Angola (4,577), Mozambique (2,648), India (I,411), Macao (934) and Timor (470) ; of the total strength of 10o,668, 382 are officers and 566 are N.C.O.s. *The air effectives are included in the total effectives of the land armed forces. 2. SUMMARY TABLE OF BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES. The figures in the following tables, which are extracted from previous editions of the Armaments Year-Book, differ in character from the figures in the preceding table. These two kinds of returns are not comparable with each other. (a) Land Army. Permanent and Auxiliary Cadres of the Home Army Officers... 4,320 4,549 4,667 4,612 4,583 Other ranks ,427 30,375 30,798 30,252 28,620 Total... 27,747 34,924 35,465 34,864 33,203 (b) National Republican Guard and Revenue Guard National Republican Guard... 5,562 5,519 4,964 5,679 Revenue Guard... 5,418 5,230 5,268 5,177 Total ,980 10,749 10,232 1o,856 'Document C.65o.M I.IX. (Conf. D. 19).

11 PORTUGAL 259 II. Navy. (On August 3Ist, I93I.) NUMBER OF UNITS AND TONNAGE (Extract from the communication from the Portuguese Government, dated September 2nd, I93I.) 1 Tonnage ii cruisers and despatch vessels... 21,937 i aircraft-carrier... 5,6oo00 ii destroyers and torpedo-boats submarines... 3,900 i training-ship... 3, hydrographical and oceanographical vessels 1,998 I6 gunboats... 5,580.8 i transport vessel... 3,712 Total... 56, Of the ii cruisers and despatch vessels, 5, with a total tonnage of 7,500 tons, are under construction; the construction of I 5,00o-ton cruiser and 2 despatch vessels totalling 2,200 tons is authorised by law. Of the ii cruisers and despatch-vessels built and under construction, there are 4 cruisers in existence, one of which was launched in i876, the second in 1896 and the other two in I9I 5. Of the ii destroyers and torpedo-boats, 6, with a total tonnage of 2,340 tons, are built, 4, with a total tonnage of 5,600 tons, are under construction, and 2 destroyers, witha total tonnage of 2,800 tons, are to be built (construction authorised by law). Four of the 6 destroyers in service date from 1915, I from i9i4 and i from Two of the 6 submarines, with a total tonnage of 1,560 tons, are under construction, and the construction of 2 others of the same total tonnage is authorised. The 3 existing submarines date from 1916 to I9I 7. Of the i6 gunboats, there are 2 under construction and i whose construction is authorised by law. AIR MATERIAL OF TIFE NAVY. (On August 3Ist, I93I.) (Extract from the communication from the Portuguese Government dated September 2nd, 193I.) 1 Total number of aircraft fit for service. 24 Total horse-power... 6,570 Total number of aircraft to be carried on ships under construction... I6 1Document C.650.M.262.I 93 1.IX (Conf. D. ig). 2 Corresponding total tonnage fixed at Washington 50,000.

12 260 PORTUGAL EFFECTIVES OF THE NAVAL FORCES (On August 3Ist, 1931.) (Extract from the communication from the Portuguese Government, dated September 2nd, 1931.) 1 Officers Petty officers Other ratings.... 4,I50 Total If we take account of vessels under construction or to be built, the effectives will amount to the following figures: Officers Petty officers... 1,237 Other ratings ,344 Total.... 8,456 RECRUITING OF PERSONNEL Naval ratings are obtained by conscription and by voluntary enlistment. Ratings conscripted have to serve for 4 years, those enlisting voluntarily for 6 years. All ratings are allowed to re-enlist for successive periods of 3 years. III. Expenditure on National Defence. I. ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE ON ARMED FORCES, (Extract from the communications from the Portuguese Government, dated September 23rd and 3oth, 193I.)1 Estimated Expenditure on Land and Air Forces (War Department only) for the Year I930-3I. Land forces Air forces (War Department only) Total Escudos (ooo,ooo's) Effectives Transport i Buildings o War material o Total o Document C M I.IX (Conf. D. 19). 2 Including 370 officers, petty officers and other ratings of the naval air force.

13 PORTUGAL NOTE. - The figures above refer only to charges borne by the home country and include pensions amounting for the two categories of forces to 62.1 million escudos. Estimated Expenditure on Naval Forces for the Year Naval forces Escudos (ooo,ooo's), Effectives Io6.2 Material Other expenditure Total NOTES. - i. The above figures include appropriations for naval air forces and pensions, the latter amounting to 18.3 million escudos. 2. This expenditure on naval forces is not grouped according to the Model Statement. 2. BUDGET EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEARS TO I930-3I. The data in the table below are from earlier editions of the Armaments Year- Book. These data should not be compared with those in the foregoing table, which is based on the answer of the Portuguese Government in response to the Council's request for information concerning the state of its armaments (see Preface, p. 5). I I I I I Provisional results Escudos (ooo,ooo's) Estimates Ministry of War Ministry of the Marine.... II2.7 I47-0 I31.4 II5.0 I Total Including pensions. NOTES. --. As the accounts of a given financial year are closed two years after the end of that year, the figures shown represent cash payments effected during it, on account of the current year and of the two preceding years. 2. Ministry of the Marine : The expenditure of this Ministry includes expenditure for civil purposes, such as premiums for ship construction, subsidies to naval schools, lighthouses, pilotage services, mercantile marine, fisheries, harbour administration, etc., which, until 1929, were provided for mainly by a special fund for the protection of the mercantile marine. 3. While the greater part of the cost of colonial defence is borne by the colonies themselves, the budget of the Ministry of the Colonies covers certain military expenses of an administrative character (between i and 2 million escudos annually). 4. Expenditure on military aviation is included in the budgets of both defence Departments. 5. Pensions, Homes for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors : This expenditure is charged mainly to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Marine. In the

14 262 PORTUGAL budget of the Ministry of Finance are included certain other classes of military and naval pensions. The amounts charged to the Defence Departments are as follows: Provisional results Escudos (ooo,ooo's) Estimates Ministry of War Ministry of the Marine 'Not available. 2 Estimates. 6. Debt Service : The expenditure of the Ministries of War and the Marine formerly included small annuities on account of advances by the General Deposit Institute. As from , these annuities are included among public debt charges, shown in a special chapter of the budget of the Ministry of Finance. 7. Ministry of the Interior : In the budget of this Ministry, the following sums are appropriated for the National Republican Guard : I I I I Draft estimates Escudos (ooo,ooo's) Estimates National Republican Guard I The figures for I and I926-27, which had not appeared in earlier editions of the Armaments Year-Book, have been taken from official sources, as were those previously published.