UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Army. GENERAL. Area (continental U. S)... 7,839,383 sq. km. Population (1930)... Length of land frontiers.9,656. km.

Transcription

1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GENERAL Area (continental U. S)... 7,839,383 sq. km. Population (1930)... I22,698,I90 Density per sq. km Length of land frontiers.9,656 km. Length of sea frontiers.... i9,205, Length of railway system, I,138 ) 1. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY AUTHORITY AND ITS ORGANS I. PRESIDENT. The President is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States including the Militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States. The Congress has power to provide for the common defence, to declare war, to raise and support armies (but no appropriation of money to that use may be for a longer term than two years), to provide and maintain a navy, to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces, to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions, to provide for organising, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States. The power of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to appoint officers is subject to the consent of the Senate.

2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 899 The power of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy and the authority of Congress to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces are distinct, and the President cannot by military orders evade the legislative regulations, and Congress, by rules and regulations, cannot impair the authority of the President as Commander-in-Chief. 2. SECRETARY OF WAR. There is an Executive Department known as the Department of War with a Secretary of War as the head thereof. As representative of the President, the Secretary of War exercises control of the Army and is responsible for the proper administration of the Military Establishment. Rules and orders promulgated by the Secretary of War as the representative of the President must be regarded as the acts of the Executive. 3. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF WAR. There are two Assistant Secretaries of War provided for under the law Ȯne of the Assistant Secretaries, under the direction of the Secretary of War, is charged with the supervision of the procurement of all military supplies and other business of the War Department pertaining thereto and the assurance of adequate provision for the mobilisation of material and industrial organisations essential to war-time needs. His duties are largely quasi-military. The other Assistant Secretary is charged with assisting the Secretary of War in fostering military aeronautics and with performing such other functions as may be specifically assigned to him. 4'. GENERAL STAFF. (a) General Provision and Duties. The General Staff Corps consists of the Chief of Staff, the War Department General Staff and the General Staff with troops. The duties of the War Department General Staff are to prepare plans for national defence and the use of the military forces for that purpose, both separately and in conjunction with the naval forces, and for the mobilisation of the manhood of the nation and its material resources in an emergency ; to investigate and report upon all questions affecting the efficiency of the Army of the United States, and its state of preparation for military operations; and to render professional aid and assistance to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff. (b) Chief of Staff and Deputy Chief of Stag. The Chief of Staff is the immediate adviser of the Secretary of War on all matters relating directly to the Military Establishment and is

3 900 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA charged by the Secretary of War with the planning, development, and execution of the Army programme. He is the agent of and issues orders in the name of the Secretary of War. The Deputy-Chief of Staff assists the Chief of Staff and acts for him in his absence. One of his most important duties is the supervision of the activities of the divisions of the War Department General Staff. (c) General Sta// Divisions. The War Department General Staff is organised into five divisions. G-i, Personnel; G-2, Military Intelligence; G-3, Operations and Training; G- 4, Supply; and War Plans Division. (The War Plans Division is the nucleus of the war-time General Headquarters Staff.) 5. WAR COUNCIL. The Secretary of War, the Assistant Secretary of War, the General of the Army, and the Chief of Staff constitute the War Council of the War Department, which Council meets from time to time and considers policies affecting both the military and munitions problems of the War Department. 6. CHIEFS OF ARMS OR SERVICES. (a) The Arms and Services of the Army are Infantry (Arm) Cavalry (Arm); Field Artillery (Arm) Coast Artillery Corps (Arm) Air Corps (Arm); Corps of Engineers (Arm); Signal Corps (Arm); Adjutant-General's Department (Service) Inspector-General's Department (Service); Chaplains (Service); Judge-Advocate-General's Department (Service); Quartermaster Corps (Service); Finance Department (Service); Medical Department (Service); Ordnance Department (Service); Chemical Warfare Service (Service). Subject to the general plans and policies of the Secretary of War, the chiefs of arms and services are responsible for the administration of policies for and preparation of the war plans concerning their respective arms or services. A Chief of an arm or service is an adviser to the Secretary of War and the Chief of Staff. The duties of a chief of an arm include furnishing the Chief of Staff with information and advice on all questions affecting his particular arm; direct supervision and control of the service schools and special boards

4 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 90I of his arm ; formulation and development of the tactical doctrine in accordance with War Department policies ; preparation of manuals, training literature, and memoranda relating to the employment, instruction, and training of his arm and to the care and use of material and equipment; co-operation with the chiefs of the services in developing the armament and equipment of his arm. (b) Command. Next to the President, in line of command, but subject to the orders of the Secretary of War as the representative of the President, and to the supervision of the Chief of Staff, are corps area and department commanders, commanders of various independent activities, such as the General and Special Service Schools, and, in time of war, the Commander-in-Chief at General Headquarters, who report directly to the War Department and issue orders in their own names. Chiefs of branches and bureaus of the War Department are not in line of command, except as to their own office forces, unless otherwise provided. B. MILITARY ORGANISATION I. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE ARMY. The organised peace establishment, including the Regular Army, the National Guard and the Organised Reserves, is composed of those military organisations necessary to form a complete and immediate mobilisation for the national defence in the event of a national emergency declared to exist by Congress of the United States. (a) The Regular Army. The major missions assigned the Regular Army may be briefly stated as follows: (i) To provide adequate personnel for the development and training of the National Guard and the organised Reserves and for furnishing a trained stiffening component for the organisation of higher units for battle service; (2) To provide the necessary personnel for the overhead of the Army of the United States, wherein the duties are of a continuing nature; (3) To provide an adequate organised, balanced, and effective domestic force, which shall be available for emergencies within the continental limits of the United States or elsewhere, and which will serve as a model for the organisation, discipline, and training for the National Guard and the organised Reserves; (4) To provide adequate peace garrisons for the coast defence within the continental limits of the United States ; (5) To provide adequate garrisons in peace and war for overseas possessions. The enlisted strength of the Regular Army as fixed by the National Defense Act for performing the above missions was limited to 280,000

5 902 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA enlisted men, including Philippine Scouts. Congress has by subsequent acts from time to time reduced the Regular Army until it stands at II8,750 enlisted men, exclusive of Philippine Scouts. (b) The National Guard. The major missions of the National Guard may be briefly stated as follows: (i) In time of peace, to provide an adequate, organised and effective force, sufficiently trained and developed so that it will be available in minor emergencies for employment within the United States by the States or by the United States, and so that it will be immediately available in major emergencies for employment in the execution of limited missions. (2) In time of war, or major emergencies, when Congress has authorised the use of troops in excess of those of the Regular Army, to provide an adequate and effective component of the Army of the United States for employment by the United States without restrictions as to missions or place of employment. THE COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL GUARD. The National Guard consists of an active National Guard organised into units as prescribed for the Regular Army and a National Guard Reserve whose members are unorganised, but transferred thereto from the active list at their own request for the remaining period of their current commissions or enlistments. The strength of this force is limited by law to a minimum of 800 enlisted men for each Senator or Representative in Congress. The total strength, however, is further limited annually by the appropriations for the maintenance of the force, the present limit being a force of 9o0,211 officers and men. (c) The Organised Reserve Corps. 'The missions of the Organised:Reserve in time of peace are as follows (i) To provide partially organised and partially trained units which may be readily expanded to war strength and completely trained in time of emergency and which, in combination with the Regular Army and National Guard, will provide an adequate, balanced, and effective force sufficient to meet any emergency declared by Congress. (2) In time of war the Organised Reserve constitutes the second echelon of the force to be mobilised and is the last line of organised national defence.

6 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 903 (3) The peace-time composition of this force consists of commissioned-officer personnel and enlisted specialists, forming an available skeleton upon which to build and train the enlisted man power called to duty by the operation of selective service laws in the event of war. 2. TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION. The continental area of the United States is divided on a basis of military population into corps areas. The active units of the Regular Army are stationed throughout the nine corps areas and the Panama Canal, Hawaiian and Philippine Departments. Each corps area also contains two National Guard and three Organised Reserve Infantry Divisions with such corps and army troops as the President has directed. The President is authorised to group any or all corps areas into army areas or departments. Corps Areas. The following corps areas are established for purposes of administration, training, and tactical control : (a) First Corps Area, to embrace the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 'and Connecticut. (Headquarters at Boston, Mass.) (b) Second Corps Area, to embrace the States of New York, New Jersey and Delaware. (Headquarters at Governors Island, New York.) (c) Third Corps Area, to embrace the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. (Headquarters at Baltimore, Md.) (d) Fourth Corps Area, to embrace the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana. (Headquarters at Fort McPherson, Georgia). (e) Fifth Corps Area, to embrace the States of Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and Kentucky. (Headquarters at Fort Hayes, Columbus, Ohio.) (f) Sixth Corps Area, to embrace the States of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. (Headquarters at Chicago, Illinois.) (g) Seventh Corps Area, to embrace the States of Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, and Arkansas. (Headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska.) (h) Eighth Corps Area, to embrace the States of Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. (Headquarters at Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.) (i) Ninth Corps Area, to embrace the States of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. (Headquarters at Presidio of San Francisco, California.) 3. MAJOR TACTICAL ORGANISATIONS. The Act of Congress approved June 4th, I920, prescribes that the Army shall at all times be organised, so far as practicable, into brigades, divisions and army corps, and, whenever the President may deem it expedient, into armies. Actually, tactical organisations higher than the division do not exist in time of peace. The theoretical organisation higher than the division consists of a general headquarters, six field

7 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TERRITORIAL MILITARY AREAS. WASHINGTON C A N A D A MONTANA NORTIH MINNESO TA DAKOTA WISCONSIN I D A H 0 ONEW YOPK SOUTH DAKOTA WYOMING I \ C NEBRASK- IOWA CH CAGO. Y.' (EDRASKA \ IOWA I--Y IOHIO 3PA. NEVADA "o UTAH * CU eut.rm/o APLINOISoe omaha/indi O O on Oa/t, ore - Are Bo unavirriniai KANSAS MISSOURY^ ^lllltucky \~ARIZONA 1 0 OKLAHOMA ' AIIZON NEW MEXICO ANSAS TC CAROLIN cl2c'2 GEOORGIA Corps Area Headquarters. \ fr Sam Houston Corps Area Boundaries.

8 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 905 armies and twenty corps, one of which is a cavalry corps. This organisation calls for 54 infantry divisions and I3 cavalry divisions in addition to the necessary corps, army and G.H.Q. troops. The distribution of the above divisional strength among the three components of the Army is as follows: Regular Army: 9 infantry divisions and 3 cavalry divisions. National Guard: i8 infantry divisions and 4 cavalry divisions. Organised Reserves: 27 infantry divisions and 6 cavalry divisions. The present divisional strength is as follows Regular Army: Of the 9 infantry divisions required, three are entirely inactive and each of the other six has one or more of its component organisations inactive. Of the 3 cavalry divisions, only one has an active headquarters and all three have one or more of their component organisations inactive. National Guard: None of the National Guard divisions has a full quota of active component organisations. Organised Reserves : These divisions consist merely of a quota of reserve officers assigned to each with a small number of enlisted reserves who form cadres for the component organisations. In addition to the above divisions, the only other divisional organisations in the Army are the three divisions in the foreign possessions, namely, the Hawaiian Division, the Panama Canal Division and the Philippine Division. None of these is entirely complete in all its component organisations. The prescribed war organisation of the infantry division includes 2 infantry brigades of two regiments each ; one field artillery brigade having two 75 mm. gun regiments and one I55 mm. howitzer regiment; one engineer regiment; one medical regiment; a division Q. M. regiment, and special troops which include a headquarters, headquarters company, a light tank company, a military police company, an ordnance company and a signal company. Its strength is 983 officers and 20,500 enlisted mern. Tne prescribed war organisation of the cavalry division includes 2 cavalry brigades of two regiments each; one field artillery regiment of 75 mm. guns ; one armoured car squadron ; one engineer battalion ; one medical squadron ; a division Q. M. train and special troops which include a headquarters, headquarters troop, an ordnance company, a light tank company and a signal troop. Its strength is 554 officers and 9,208 enlisted men. The actual strengths of the infantry and cavalry divisions in the three components of the Army are given in tables of strength. C. ARMS AND SERVICES (a) In/antry. I. ARMS. There are two infantry brigades to each division. Each brigade consists of headquarters and headquarters company and two regiments.

9 90b UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 'The infantry regiment consists of headquarters and headquarters company, cannon, machine-gun, and service companies, medical detachment and three battalions, each with one headquarters unit, three rifle and one machine-gun companies. The howitzer company is armed with 37 mm. guns and 3-inch trench mortars. In the Regular Army the infantry includes at present: 17 active and 7 inactive brigade headquarters and headquarters companies. 38 active regiments, 6 of which each have an inactive battalion. In addition, there are 15 regiments which are inactive. 2 tank regiments: i (light) regiment consisting of 2 active and i inactive battalion. i (heavy) regiment consisting of i active battalion, regimental headquarters and 2 inactive battalions. (b) Cavalry. There are two cavalry brigades to each division. Each brigade consists of a brigade headquarters and headquarters troop and two regiments. The cavalry regiment consists of headquarters and headquarters troop, machine-gun troop, medical detachment and three squadrons of two troops each. In the Regular Army the cavalry includes at present: 2 active and 4 inactive brigade headquarters and headquarters troops; 15 active and 3 inactive cavalry regiments; I active and 2 inactive armoured-car squadrons. (c) Field Artillery. There is one brigade of field artillery as a component of each division. The infantry field artillery brigade consists of a brigade headquarters and headquarters battery, two regiments of 75 mm. guns and one regiment of 155 mm. howitzers and a brigade ammunition train. The 75 mm. regiment consists of a headquarters unit and two battalions of three gun batteries each. The I55 mm. howitzer regiment differs from the above organisation in that it is composed of three battalions of two batteries each. The peace strength of the cavalry divisional field artillery consists of one battalion of horse artillery composed of a battalion headquarters and headquarters battery, and three gun batteries.

10 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 907 In the Regular Army the field artillery includes at present: Organisation Type Active Inactive Remarks Brig. Headquarters and H.Q.Batteries 5 II Regiment 155 mm. Howitzers 3 ii Of active Regiments, I H.Q. and 3 Bns. inactive. Regiment 155 mm. Guns 3 Regiment 75 mm. I4 13 Of active Regiments, 7 H.Q., 4 Battalions and I5 Batteries, inactive. Regiment 75 mm. (Pack) 2 - Of active Regiments, 2 H.Q., 2 Bns. and i Battery, inactive. Regiment 2.95 inch Howitzers I Regiment I55 mm. Guns Of this unit, i Battalion and I Battery, inactive. 240 mm. Howitzers i Ammunition Trains 2 13 Observation Bns. i 2 (d) Coast Artillery Corps. The Coast Artillery is charged with the service of the fixed and movable elements of the land and coast fortifications and includes railroad, anti-aircraft and trench mortars artillery, in addition to submarine harbour mines. This arm is organised in brigades and regiments as follows Organisation Type Active Inactive Remarks Brig. Headquarters and Headquarters Batteries I 2 Regiment Harbour Of active Regiments, 6 Defense is8 H.Q. and 97 Batteries, inactive. Regiment Anti- Of active Regiments, 4 Aircraft 7 3 Battalions and 30 Batteries, inactive. Regiment Railway 2 2 Of active Regiments, 6 Batteries, inactive. Regiment Tractor 3 2 Of active Regiments, I H.Q., 6 Battalions and ii Batteries, inactive. Battery Mine Planters and Cable Ships 8 Sound Ranging i i active Platoon only.

11 908 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (e) Air Corps. A development programme to be completed in 5 years was initiated for this arm in 1926, which provided for an increase in personnel and equipment by annual increments. At the end of the period the Air Corps is authorised to attain the following maximum strength for the Regular Army. Officers... 1,650 Enlisted Men (including flying cadets)... I4,582 Airplanes (serviceable).... I,8oo The total number of airplanes includes all tactical, utility, and training planes and those issued to the National Guard. In the Air Corps the wing is the largest unit and is composed of a number of groups the components of which are squadrons each with a photographic section. The squadron is the basic organisation for heavier-than-air craft and is classified as pursuit, attack, bombardment, observation, school, service or headquarters squadron. Groups follow the same classification and in addition include composite and lighter-than-air craft groups. Lighter-than-air craft groups include aerodrome, airship, balloon and balloon service companies. A large number of the authorised air corps organisations are inactive and are not included in the following tables: I. Heavier-than-air Units. United States. Overseas Garrisons. i bombardment wing-headquarters. i school wing-headquarters. i pursuit group-headquarters. 2 bombardment groups-headquarters. i attack group-headquarters. 3 composite groups-headquarters. 2 observation groups-headquarters. i pursuit group-headquarters. 3 school groups-headquarters. United States. Tactical Squadrons. Overseas Garrisons. 9 observation squadrons. 3 observation squadrons. 4 bombardment squadrons. 4 bombardment squadrons. 3 attack squadrons. i attack squadron. 5 pursuit squadrons. 4 pursuit squadrons. Number of aircraft in Regular Army tactical squadron authorised Average number of tactical aircraft per unit Regular Army 7

12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 909 United States. Non-tactical Squadrons. Overseas Garrisons. 12 schools squadrons. 3 service squadrons. Io service squadrons. United States. Miscellaneous Units. Overseas Garrisons. 12 photo sections. 3 photo sections. i Air Corps Tactical School. i Air Corps Technical School. i Air Corps Advanced Flying School. 2 Air Corps Primary Flying Schools. i Air Corps Balloon and Airship School. i Air Corps Engineering School. 2 field operating detachments. 6 bands. i band. 5 air depots. 3 air depots. II. Aircraft Production. Number of planes delivered, fiscal year I930 - Army III. Lighter-than-air Units. i airship group-headquarters. 2 airship companies. i airship service company. 2 balloon companies. IV. Lighter-than-air Craft Built. Quantity ouantt Tyvpe Name Capacity Length Diameter on hand - Cubic Feet Feet Feet,, I T A I30,000 i6r 39 4 Non-rigid TC 200, » 4 T E 80, i» T F 50,000 o Lighter-than-air craft under construction - None. Balloons on hand: Observation, 21; Spherical, 26. Balloons under construction - None.

13 9io UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. Active Aviation Personnel - Regular Army. June 30th, I930. Total officer personnel Officer pilots in above officer personnel... o8 Observers Total enlisted men in Air Corps...,6542 Flying Cadets VI. National Guard. Tactical Squadron. In United States: i9 observation squadrons. Number of tactical aircraft per unit.5... Number of aircraft authorised per unit... Personnel. Total officer personnel Total number of commissioned pilots Total number of commissioned observers Total number of enlisted men... 1,789 VII. Reserve Aviation Personnel. Army. - June 30th, I930. Classification Officers Enlisted Men Military Aviator Airplane Pilot Junior Airplane Pilot.... 2,I93 Airplane Observers..404 Airship Pilots Junior Airship Pilots... 2 Balloon Observers..... Io Non-flyers... 2,I , (f) Engineer Corps. The higher tactical unit of engineer troops is the regiment which is composed of a headquarters and a headquarters and service company, medical detachment and two battalions, each of which has a headquarters and three companies. ' Included in the I,Io8 pilots. 2 Includes 15 enlisted pilots.

14 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA gii One combat engineer regiment is a component of each infantry division. Each cavalry division includes one combat engineer battalion (mounted). Other type engineer troops are assigned to corps and armies. The Corps of Engineers includes the following: Organisation Type Active Inactive Regiment Combat 6 Regts. i Bn. I Platoon 6 less I Bn. 2 Ccs. and I Platoon. Squadron Combat, Mtd. i and I Platoon 2 less i Troop and i Platoon. Regiment General Serv. 6 Battalion Topographic I Battalion Separate 28 Companies Separate 13 Included in the separate battalions are water supply, camouflage, and heavy pontoon battalions. Included in the separate companies are dump truck, shop, railway shop, depot and light pontoon companies. The primary function of the Corps of Engineers is to increase by engineering works the combat capacity of the other arms. Under emergency conditions, combat engineer troops act as infantry or cavalry, and are trained accordingly. Outside the theatre of operations, the Corps of Engineers is charged, in general, with surveys made for military purposes, supply of engineer materials, and equipment, construction, and modification of sea-coast fortifications. (g) Signal Corps. The Signal Corps is charged with the installation, maintenance and operation of all military communication systems and equipment, and meteorological apparatus; the procuring, storage and issue of the above and of photographic supplies. The highest unit in the Signal Corps is the battalion which is organised for duty with corps and higher headquarters. One signal company or one signal troop are components of the special troops of each infantry and cavalry division. The Signal Corps of the Regular Army includes: Organisation Type Active Inactive Battalions Construction 4 Battalions Signal I 9 Companies Service I5 I Companies Signal 5 8 Companies Miscellaneous 5 Troops Signal I 3 Miscellaneous signal corps companies include photographic, radic, pigeon and meteorological companies.

15 912 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (a) Quartermaster Corps. 2. SERVICES. The Quartermaster Corps feeds, clothes, houses, and transports the soldier and furnishes motor, rail and water transportation. It furnishes all public animals employed in the service of the Army, the forage consumed by them, wagons, and all articles necessary for their use. It furnishes camp and garrison equipage, barracks, storehouses, and other buildings ; constructs and repairs roads, some railways, certain permanent bridges; builds and charters ships, boats, docks, and wharves needed for military purposes; supplies subsistence for enlisted men and others entitled thereto ; supplies articles for authorised sales and issues; furnishes lists of articles authorised to be kept for sale; gives instructions for procuring, distributing, issuing, selling, and accounting for all quartermaster and subsistence supplies; and attends to all matters connected with military operations which are not expressly assigned to some other bureau of the War Department. The Quartermaster Corps elements of the Infantry Division are organised into a Quartermaster Regiment consisting of a headquarters, a service company, two motor transport companies, one motor maintenance company, one motorcycle company and two wagon companies (animal-drawn). The Quartermaster Corps unit of the Cavalry Division is organised into a Division Train consisting of a train headquarters, two motor transport companies, one motor repair section, one wagon company (animal-drawn) and four pack trains. This service of the Regular Army includes the following organisations : Inactive Organisation Type Active Partially Entirely Trains Division I 7 7 Remount Depots Field 4 Battalions Motor Repair 3 6 Commands Motor Transport 26 Trains Pack II 17 Battalions Service (Corps and Army) Ii Headquarters Wagon Train 3 Companies Bakery 7 12 Companies Miscellaneous 27 Units Miscellaneous I4 Miscellaneous companies include laundry, railhead, salvage, supply and service companies. Miscellaneous units include sales commissary and graves registration units.

16 (b) Medical Department. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 913 Charged with the health of the Army, the Medical Department in time of peace engages in research work as well as purely military activities. This department includes medical, dental and veterinary services. Detachments of the services are attached to each self-contained unit of the Army in addition to which each division of infantry includes a medical regiment and each cavalry division a medical squadron. This service of the Regular Army is organised as follows: Inactive Organisation Type Active Partially Entirely Regiment Medical 4 15 Squadrons Medical I 2 Hospital Miscellaneous 73 Hospital Veterinary 28 Group Surgical I Dispensary Medical I Train Hospital 18 Laboratory Medical I2 Depot Medical Supply 3 (c) Chaplains. The Corps of Chaplains perform duties appropriate to their calling. (d) Ordnance Department. This department has charge of the procuring of munitions and supervise the manufacture of offensive and defensive arms and equipment. It manufactures, stores, and issues military materials. One ordnance maintenance company is a component of the special troops of each infantry and cavalry division, other companies are stationed at proving grounds, arsenals and forts. The organisations of the Ordnance Army are as follows: Department of the Regular Organisation Type Active Inactive Company Maintenance I4 14 Heavy maintenance 4 2 )) Ammunition 5 8 )) Depot 7 8,) Miscellaneous 2 (e) Chemical War/are Service. This service has charge of the research into and the development manufacture or procuring of offensive and defensive chemical material 58

17 914 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and equipment. It is a service of storage and issues and supervises the training in defence against chemical warfare. The components of the Chemical Warfare Service in the Regular Army are: I gas regiment partly active and 4 chemical companies, 2 of which are inactive. (f) Adjutant General's Department. This department is the office of administration and record of the Army. Through it, all orders, regulations, instructions and communications are issued to troops and individuals in the military service. (g) Finance Department. The Finance Department is charged with the disbursement of and accounting for all funds of the War Department, and with the audit of property accounts, and of World-War contracts. The Chief of Finance as budget officer for the War Department revises and submits to the Bureau of the Budget all estimates for funds required by the War Department. (h) Inspector-General's Department. The Inspector-General's Department is charged with the inspection of activities under the War Department, its chief function being to keep the higher commanders constantly informed as to the state of discipline, instruction, supply, morale, money accounts, and of matters affecting the efficiency of the Army. It investigates acts, incidents, transactions and complaints involving the personnel of the Army, reports the facts concerning same, and makes recommendations for appropriate adjustments, corrections, and disciplinary action. (i) Judge-Advocate-General's Department. The Judge-Advocate-General's Department, in addition to its specific statutory duties in connection with the administration of military justice, is called upon to give legal advice concerning the correctness of military administration, matters affecting the rights and mutual relationship of the personnel of the Army, and the financial, contractual, and other business affairs of the War Department and the Army. 3. THE NATIONAL GUARD. This component of the defence forces is organised in the arms to conform to the, organisation of the Regular Army. Its list of active

18 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 915 and inactive units is similar to that shown for the Regular Army. The services in this force are generally organised, where they exist, as staff departments. 4. THE ORGANISED RESERVE. This component for national defence is organised with officers assigned to arms and services but having no troops personnel. D. FORCES OF POLICE, CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, REVENUE SERVICE, COASTGUARD, ETC. Not utilised with the War or Navy Department and not in liaison with them in time of peace and only partially so in time of war. The National Government neither organises nor controls a federal police force. E. TABLES OF STRENGTH. Explanation ol Abbreviations in the Tables. A. C. - Air Corps. Div. - Division. A. N. C. Army Nurse Corps. Div. Tn. - Division Trains. C. Commissioned Officers. D. H. Q. - Division Headquar- C. A. - Corps Area. ters. C. A. C. - Coast Artillery Corps. E. Enlisted men. Cav. Cavalry. Engr. Engineers. C. Def. Coast Defence. F. A. - Field Artillery. C. E. - Corps of Engineers. F. D. - Finance Department. Chap. - Chaplains. F. Y. - Fiscal Year. C. W. S. - Chemical Warfare G. H. Q. - General Headquar- Service. ters. D. E. M. L. - Detached enlisted H. Q. - Headquarters. men's list. Inf. - Infantry.

19 REGULAR ARMY DIVISIONS - INFANTRY AND CAVALRY - STRENGTH JUNE 30TH, I930. INFANTRY DIVISIONS. Div. Hq. Sp. Tr. Inf. F. A. Engr. Med. Div. Tn. Unasgd. Total C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. C. E. C. E. C. E. Ist i6 424 i86 4, ,47I I ,183 2nd..... I 8 5' Ix7 374 '77 3,768 o103 2,059 9Ig 51I I is ,8260 3rd.i I93 4, , I ,390 4th , ii6 4 I 23 4,821 5th ~~5th.- -~~ , ,806 t 6th Io , ,489 Haw ;4 477 I82 4,6oo , I ,180 P. C... II 46 o ,01l I I95 5 IPhil i63 4, I5 38 I , ,594 H ~~~._. cn / Total Total ,344,4 1,481, ,153 I 6oi I2, , , i8 2,576 55,392 oi CAVALRY DIVISIONS C) Div... Hq. Sp. Tr. Cay. F. A. Engr. Med. Div. Tn. Unasgd. Total C. C.. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. Ist ,208 I8 433 II I83 --~ ~~2I4 3,32 2nd I 39 I28 2,1 I , rd I49.- 2,654 ( - - '3~ I37 2,214 Tot~al 55. ~ ,57~ i ,240

20 NATIONAL GUARD DIVISIONS - INFANTRY AND CAVALRY - STRENGTH JUNE 30TH, Div. ii~hq. RECOGNISED. STRENGTH - INFANTRY DIVISIONS. Sp. Tr. Inf. FA. Engr. A.C. Med. Div.Tn. Div Chap. Total. ~ C. Two al 26th ,299 08I 1, I ,208 2t: h I , , ,06 28th ,222 I54 1, II I I 9 7,753 29th , , , th I , , ,429 31t , i,6o i o I4 6 6,979 32nd , , (4 8 7,052 d 33rd ,543 ii6 1, ,422 34th , , o ,782 35th i8i 245 4, , o ,701 36th , J, ,364 37th I , ,I i 55I I ,909 38th , , ii ,362 4 oth , , ,644 4 ist ,212 II 1, ,239 43rd. ' , , II ,I th , , io x ,560 45th , , ioi io ,219 Total ,176 4,273 76,223 2,245 28,I , ,717 1,095 5, , , ,900 RECOGNISED STRENGTH - CAVALRY DIVISIONS. Div. Hq. Sp. Tr. Cav. F. A. Engr. Med. Chap. Total ~ ~ C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C.E. C. WOi E. I7 2, ,961 22nd , i80 4 2,401 23rd , , th.3 7' 145 2,76 i ,440 Total o 9, ,363 Included in enlisted strength under branches.

21 ORGANISED RESERVE DIVISIONS INFANTRY STRENGTH JUNE 3oTH, I9o INFANTRY DIVISIONS Hq. Sp. Tr. Inf. F. A. I Engr._[ Med. JDiv. Tn. JAttached I.Total Div.- C.. I C. C.. C E. C. E. C IE C. E. C. I. C. E i*7 i i 372~ I 519 I i I -~ I To x6 I I 54 -~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ I x83i7 441I7 9 2 Ix 2 o H 79 3I I. I 705 go I II5x I 738I o I, 2 ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ ~ I 49 I5 I30 22O , I7 I I 532T9 I I97 I8 393 I 3 ii U 84~~ ~ I 2I I xx 3to ~~~~~~~~~~6 33 I09I 760 Io I Ioo I: X txj94.88~~~~~~~~~ ~ 2 ~ ~ - ~ ~ IX ~ I4 ~6o 73 I ~I 28 2, I3 II8 6 10~~~ ~~3.: 427 I I5397 3I i I i6 I I I 4 58 i 2 I8 II I 40 I34 '7 I x I:z x3 I Io76 2 Total 664 x799 i8 I739 i8 4,38 34 I,47 io I ,86~' 00

22 ORGANISED RESERVE DIVISIONS - CAVALRY - STRENGTH JUNE 30OTH, CAVALRY DIVISIONS Div. Hq. Sp. Tr. Cav. F. A. ' Engr. Med. Div. Tn. Attached Total C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E. C. E i i O 53 o ii Io II io8 > I H- 64'... II I I II I I io l 63' > 666. ' Total.... ioo , Io IIo I 36 3, th brigade only. 2 Less i56th brigade. Less 158th brigade. *Less 162nd brigade. '5-I56th brigade only. 162nd brigade only. H

23 920 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACTIVE ARMY STRENGTH, JUNE 30TH, I930. Commis- Army Nurse Warrant Cadets sioned Corps Officers U.S.M.A. Enlisted Total Regular Army... 12,o , , ,006 Retired on Active Duty. ' Reserves Total... 12, ,o , ,3742 DISTRIBUTION - BY CORPS AREA. Commissioned A.N.C. Warrant Cadets Retired Reg. I Ret. Reg. Res. Officers U.S.M.A. Enlisted led Total ist Corps Area I 4,164 4,677 2nd Corps Area 3.. 1, ,365 13,520 3rd Corps Area.. 2,oi ,314 i5,668 4th Corps Area..,0oI ,991 11,150 5th Corps Area ,216 3,792 6th Corps Area ,466 6,134 7th Corps Area.. 1,007 IO ,705 8,86o 8th Corps Area.. 1, I40 I ,757 22,958 9th Corps Area.. 1, ,221 12,574 Total I g ,199 99,333 Hawaiian Dept I ,380 15,196 Panama Canama Canal Dept , Philippine Dept i 10,591 I,305 China ,014 Porto Rico , Alaska I5 Miscellaneous i i,8o5 GTotal... 2,675 I ,078 40,041 Grand total. 12,1o6 I I95 j, , ,3742 Includes 82 commissioned and 6,480 enlisted Philippine Scouts. Excludes Reserve officers on active duty. Excludes Porto Rico. Excludes Alaska. Includes Military Attaches, language students, Engineer Battalion in Nicaragua, Graves Registration Service, troops en route, etc.

24 REGULAR ARMY ENLISTED STRENGTH JUNE 30, I930

25 922 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA REGULAR ARMY ENLISTED By Corps Area Inf. Cav. F. A. C. A. C. A. C. C. E. ist Corps Area... 1, nd Corps Area ,017 i rd Corps Area... 2, ,254 2,060 1, th Corps Area... 5, , th Corps Area... 1, th Corps Area.... 1, , th Corps Area... 2,o080o 2, I th Corps Area... 5,327 3,358 3, , th Corps Area... 3, ,229 1,297 1, Total... 29,i80 7,794 11,474 5,395 9,396 2,854 Hawaiian Dept ,958 2,655 3,044 I,i Panama Canal Dept. 3, , Philippine Dept... 1,251 1, China t - - Porto Rico Alaska... I46 - Miscellaneous ' I Total.... [... 12,079 [ - 3,159 6,929 2,638 1,6ii Grand Total ,259 7,794 14,633 I2,324 12,034 4,465 1 Excludes Porto Rico. 2 Excludes Alaska. Includes Engineer Battalion in Nicaragua, troops en route, etc. By AUTHORISED STRENGTH Under Act June 4th, 192o Infantry....II, Cavalry Field Artillery ,000 Coast Artillery ,000 Air Corps i6,ooo Engineer ,000 Signal Corps ,00 Quartermaster.. Finance... 20, Ordnance o00 Chemical Warfare ,'200 Medical ,000 D. E. M. L ,400 Total ,000 Average for F. Y.....

26 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 923 STRENGTH, JUNE 30, I930. and Branch. Sig. C. Q. M. C. F. D. Ord. Dept. C. W. S. M. D. D.E.M.L. P. S. Total I I , ,460 11, , , , , , , ,063-7, , I , , i ,221 1,864 5, , ,267 5,267o -0 87, I5-14, I 8, I ,480 10, I , I I - 1O II 2 48 I I 1, ,1 I ,480 37,078 2,625 7, , ,417 5,647 6,480 I24,277 Branch. REGULAR ARMY (Less P. S.) PHILIPPINE SCOUTS A thorised Pay Strengthy Actual Strength Actual Strength Total Actual Enlisted Strength 41,492 41,259 2,359 43,618 8,315 7, ,385 15,030 14, ,622 12,068 12, 324 1,300 13,624 I2,086 I2,034 - I2,034 4,546 4, ,788 2,541 2, ,752 7,435 7, , ,139 2, , ,520 6, ,731 5,789 5,647-5, , ,797 6,480 24, ,57 6, ,628

27 924 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NATIONAL GUARD STRENGTH, RECOGNISED STRENGTH Infantry Corps Army Troops Corps Area Divisions Troops Ca. Div. Other and Dept. Cav. Div. Other C E C E C E C E ist C. A.....,o29 14, nd C. A. '. I,039 14, , , ,317 3rd C. A.. I1,127 14, o108 1, th C. A... I,073 14,423 I IO 1, th C. A.. 1,092 14, , th C. A.... i,oo8 14, , , th C. A.,o8 13, , th C. A'. I,o6I I3, I,I th C. A , ,175 Hawaii. -. Total... 9, ,o ,i , ,880 RECOGNISED STRENGTH Infantry Corps -Army Troops Divisions Troops Branch Divisions Troops Cav. Div. j Other C)C IE C E C E jc E Inf ,273 76, ^Cay oi 9,59I 125 1,889 F.A....'1,530 2,245 28, i -- C.AC C , I 46 2,7532 A. C ,717 i C , Sig. C... 8 I _ Total Arms.. 7,270 I 113, ,888 I , ,770 M. D ,095 5, iio Trains ,235 - State Staff Sp. Div. Tr , Chaplains D.H. Q _- 5 - Total Services. 2,031 12, i o iio Grand Total.. 9,301 I 126,041 I 359 5,i o10, ,880 2 Included in Enlisted Strength under Assignments. 2 Anti-aircraft.

28 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 925 JUNE 30TH, I930. BY CORPS AREA AND ASSIGNMENT. G. H. Q. Coast Special Reserve Defence Allotment State TOTAL Infantry Staff Cl E C E C E C E C WO1 E , , ,839 - ii6 1, , , , , ,109 I , , , I8, o I, , , , , oi 102 1,202 I95 3, ,6oi 25 20, Ioo 1, ,558 5' I , ,170 I9 15,327 I_ , Ioo 2 1,547.I53 1,779 5I11 7,1I I3, , ,785 BY BRANCH AND ASSIGNMENT. G. H.Q. Coast Special State TOTAL Reserve Defence Allotment StaTOTAL Infantry C j E CC E - C E C JE C f WOi_ E -~~ ^i 741 I3,831-5, , i8 11,462 I38 1, , , , ,oo ,789 -~ II~ II~ I5 7, I 44 I ~o6 t~ ,8888 / --15 I5I 138 I1, , I ,83I 1 9, , , , ii8-2, o , I5 44-8I , , I 1, , , , i 169,785

29 926 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ORGANISED RESERVES ist CA 2nd CA 3rd CA 4th C A 5th C A C E C E C E C E C E With Org. Res. Units. Divisional Units....2, , , , , Non-Divisional Units.., , , , , Unassigned or Unattached. 1,6oi 4,043-2,898-3,052-1,701 - Total with Org. Res... 6, o,55o 846 9, , , With Reg. Army Units i,o86-1,279 With Nat. Gd. Units... 1,295-1,814-1,436-1,091 I 1,090 - Miscellaneous ,083-2, ,029 - Grand Total , , , , , RESERVE OFFICERS. Strength of Officers' Reserve Corps, June 30, I930: Major-Generals Brigadier-Generals... Ioo Colonels.... 1,112 Lieut.-Colonels... 3,272 Majors... 8,653 Captains... I9,993 Ist Lieutenants... 28,85I 2nd Lieutenants ,270 Total ,273 F. RECRUITING i. REGULAR ARMY. (a) Recruiting for the Regular Army is administered by the Adjutant- General of the Army and is carried on by the Recruiting Service, which is decentralised to the Corps Area Commanders. The recruiting Service is composed of officers and men detached from troops and assigned to recruiting duty. About one-fifth of the officers are retired officers detailed on active duty. The overseas recruits depots are maintained, one at New York and one at San Francisco, to which recruits and replacements for overseas garrisons are sent for shipment overseas. Corps areas which cannot secure sufficient recruits for their own needs are assisted from other corps areas. (b) Enlistment is on a purely voluntary basis and the recruit is allowed, within his own corps area, a choice of the arm or service and station in which he desires to serve. In addition, in most corps areas, he may elect overseas service.

30 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA JUNE 30TH, I930. 6th C A 7th C A 8th C A 9th C A Hawaii Panama Phil. Abroad Total C E C E C E C E C E C E C E CJE C E 3, , , , ,855 3,08I 3,187 III 3, , , ,193 1,589 2,687-2, ,2721-2, , , , , ) 9, I ,807 4,720 86o0 I ,835 I 1,190-1,551-1,I88 I, ,891-1, , I8-21 I , , ,935) , ,967) 501o I113,273 I4,721 'Includes 98 officers on duty with Regular Army. Age limits for original enlistments are between eighteen and thirtyfive years, inclusive. Original enlistments are for periods of either one or three years at the option of the soldier while re-enlistments are for a period of three years. Recruits must be able-bodied citizens or persons who have made legal declaration to become citizens of the United States. All applicants between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years must have the written consent of their parents or guardians, if any, before enlisting. 2. NATIONAL GUARD. (a) Recruiting for the National Guard is conducted within each State by the local authorities and is restricted to enlistment for the type of troops organised therein. No recruiting service is organised for this purpose except that all commissioned officers are empowered to administer the oath of enlistment. Officers, judicial and executive, of the Federal Government and the several States, Custom-house clerks and persons employed in the transmission of the mails may not be enlisted in this force without specific consent of the Governor of the State. (b) Enlistment in the National Guard is entirely voluntary, the recruit having the privilege ot selecting the unit in which he desires to serve. The age-limits and physical requirements for enlistment are the same as for the Regular Army and only those recruits who are or have declared their intention to become citizens may be enlisted. The original enlistment period is three years, with subsequent periods of one year each. (c).when Congress shall have authorised the use of the armed land forces of the United States for any purpose requiring the use of troops

31 928 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA in excess of those of the Regular Army, the President may, under such regulations, including such physical examination as he may prescribe, draft into the period of military service of the United States, to serve therein for the period of the war or emergency, unless sooner discharged, any or all members of the National Guard and of the National Guard Reserve. 3. ORGANISED RESERVE. (a) The Enlisted Reserve Corps consists of persons who have been voluntarily enlisted therein and is limited under the age and physical restrictions imposed upon recruits for the Regular Army, to those having such military or technical training as the Secretary of War may prescribe. (b) The enlistment period is three years, except in cases of persons who served in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps between April 6, 1917, and November II, I9I8, who may enlist for one year and shall' be entitled to discharge within ninety days if they make application therefor. (c) Any or all members of the Enlisted Reserve Corps may be formed into tactical organisations, composed, as far as practicable, of men residing in the same locality. Members of the Enlisted Reserve Corps may be placed on active duty, as individuals or organisations, in the discretion of the President, but, except in time of national emergency expressly declared by Congress, no reservists shall be ordered to active duty in excess of the number permissible under appropriations made for this specific purpose, or for a longer period than fifteen days in any one calendar year without his own consent. G. CADRES I. WARRANT AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. (a) Warrant officers are appointed from eligible non-commissioned officers, and other qualified personnel. The status of warrant officers is superior to that of non-commissioned officers but inferior to that of the commissioned ranks. (b) Non-commissioned officers are appointed from eligible enlisted men within the limits of the tables of organisation. 2. OFFICERS. Appointments are made in the grade of second lieutenant: (a) For the Regular Army from: (i) Graduates of the United States Military Academy and the Air Corps Advanced Flying School.