Biopac Student Lab BASIC TUTORIAL. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Version 3.0.3

Transcription

1 Biopac Student Lab Version PC running Windows or Macintosh BASIC TUTORIAL Running the Biopac Student Lab page 3 Locating files in Review Saved Data mode page 4 Important Concepts pages 6, 7, 10 Display functions page 11 Measurements page 21 Markers page 26 Journal functions page 28 Printing page 31 Saving page 33 Jocelyn Kremer Documentation BIOPAC Systems, Inc. William McMullen Vice President BIOPAC Systems, Inc. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. 42 Aero Camino, Santa Barbara, CA Phone (805) Fax (805) info@biopac.com Web Site: [ ]

2 2 Biopac Student Lab Copyright Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of BIOPAC Systems, Inc. This tutorial and the software it describes are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under copyright laws, this tutorial or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without the written consent of BIOPAC Systems, Inc., except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format. Biopac Student Lab Tutorial, including all text and graphics, are 1998 BIOPAC Systems, Inc., with all rights reserved. Warranty BIOPAC Systems, Inc. warrants its hardware products against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 12 months from the date of purchase. If BIOPAC Systems, Inc. receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, it will, at its option, repair or replace the hardware products that prove to be defective. This warranty applies only if your BIOPAC Systems, Inc. product fails to function properly under normal use and within the manufacturer s specifications. This warranty does not apply if, in the sole opinion of BIOPAC Systems, Inc., your BIOPAC Systems, Inc. product has been damaged by accident, misuse, neglect, improper packing, shipping, modification, or servicing by other than BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Any returns should be supported by a Return Mail Authorization (RMA) number issued by BIOPAC Systems, Inc. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. reserves the right to refuse delivery of any shipment containing any shipping carton without the RMA number(s) displayed on the outside. The Buyer shall prepay transportation charges to the site designated by BIOPAC Systems, Inc. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. makes no warranty or representation, either expressed or implied, with respect to this software, its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. As a result, this software is sold as is and you, the Buyer, are assuming the entire risk as to its quality and performance. In no event will BIOPAC Systems, Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software or its documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages, or for damage of any equipment connected to a BIOPAC Systems, Inc. product. Trademarks Biopac Student Lab is a trademark of BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Apple and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. This document was created with Microsoft Word for Windows, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw 7.0. Mainstay Capture, and JASC, Inc. JasCapture.

3 Basic Tutorial 3 Welcome to the Biopac Student Lab! To learn how the Biopac Student Lab works and how it can make your work easier, you can either complete this interactive Tutorial or read Recording Mode Basics and Analysis Mode Basics in the Orientation Chapter. Running the Biopac Student Lab To use this Tutorial, you need to open the SampleData file. To begin, follow the simple steps below. 1. Turn the computer ON. 2. Start the Biopac Student Lab program as follows: To launch the program on a PC running Windows 95, use the Start menu as shown (or open BSL.EXE): PC users ¾ Use the Windows Start menu to open the Biopac Student Lab program. Mac users ¾ Open the BIOPAC Student Lab folder. ¾ Double-click on the application icon To launch the program on a Mac, locate and open the BIOPAC Student Lab folder on the desktop. If it isn t there, ask your Lab Instructor for assistance. 3. A message regarding hardware may appear. PC users ¾ For this tutorial (and all future analysis), click Cancel. Next, double-click on the BIOPAC Student Lab icon. If there is no hardware connected, the following message will appear:

4 4 Biopac Student Lab Mac users ¾ For this tutorial (and all future analysis), click No hardware. 4. Next you will be prompted to choose a lesson. ¾ For this tutorial (and for all future analysis), select Review saved data and click OK. 5. Open the Data Files folder. ¾ PC users your program may open the Data Files for you. If so, skip to the next step. You may have to scroll down to Review Saved Data. Open the Data Files folder, which is in the Biopac Student Lab program folder. 6. Open the SampleData folder. Open the SampleData folder, which is in the Data Files folder.

5 Basic Tutorial 5 7. Open the SampleData-L07 file. Select and open the SampleData-L07 file, which is in the SampleData folder. Now you are ready to start the Tutorial! The Tutorial begins by introducing three basic concepts that make the Biopac Student Lab unique and powerful, and then provides detailed instructions on how to use important features of the program. You can have fun experimenting with the display and analysis functions of the Biopac Student Lab. Don t worry you can t lose or damage the SampleData-L07 file.

6 6 Biopac Student Lab Part A Important Concepts IMPORTANT CONCEPT #1 There is a Data window and a Journal and each is saved as a separate file. ¾ The Data window displays the waveforms and is where you will perform your measurements and analysis. ¾ The Journal is where you will make notes. You can extract information from the Data window and put it in the Journal and you can export the Journal to other programs for further analysis. 8. Review the display to identify the Data Window and the Journal. The Sample-L07 file should open as shown: ¾ The Data Window displays waveform(s) during and after recording, and is also called the "Graph Window." ¾ The Journal works like a standard word processor to store recording notes and measurements. Display windows of the Biopac Student Lab

7 Basic Tutorial 7 IMPORTANT CONCEPT #2 The BSL allows you complete flexibility in how the data is viewed. Chart recorders lock you into one view, but with the BSL you can expand or compress the visual scales to aid in data analysis. The Data window display is completely adjustable, which makes data viewing and analysis easier. ¾ Zoom in on specific segments to take measurements, examine anomalies, etc. ¾ View the entire record at one time to look for trends, locate anomalies, etc. ¾ Hide a channel from view or view multiple channels. ¾ Overlap channels for easier comparison. Zoom 9. Click on the zoom icon. 10. Position the cursor in the CH 1 ECG band at about 5.00 seconds, then click and hold the mouse button down and drag the cursor to about seconds. The zoom icon is in the lower right of the data window. The following figure shows an example of a selection made in the ECG data with the zoom tool. ¾ This will draw a box around the area. 11. Release the mouse button and review your result. When the mouse button is released, the boundaries of the selected area become the new boundaries of the data window. The Zoom function is very useful for expanding a waveform in order to see more detail.

8 8 Biopac Student Lab Scales 12. Move the vertical scroll bar to reposition the Channel 1 ECG waveform. ¾ Note that the CH 40 Pulse waveform did not move. This is because the vertical scale is independent for each channel. 13. Move the horizontal scroll bar. ¾ Note that both waveforms moved. This is because the horizontal scale controls all channels. 14. Pull down the Display menu and select Autoscale horizontal. ¾ Autoscale horizontal from is a quick way to fit the entire waveform within the data window. 15. Pull down the Display menu and select Autoscale waveforms. ¾ Autoscale waveforms will center waveforms in the display window. Selecting Autoscale horizontal and then Autoscale waveforms is the standard way to quickly and easily return to your original data display. Show/Hide a channel 16. Hide Channel 40 as follows: ¾ PC hold the Ctrl (Control) key down and click on the Channel 40 box The channel 40 box is in the upper left of the data window. When you hide a channel, the data is not lost, but simply hidden, so that you can focus on specific channel(s). Hidden channels can be brought back into view at any time. The channel box displays a slash when that channel is turned off. ¾ Macintosh hold the option key down and click on the Channel 40 box.

9 Basic Tutorial 9

10 10 Biopac Student Lab IMPORTANT CONCEPT #3 Measurements are fast, accurate, and automatically updated. The measurement tools are used to extract specific information from the waveform(s). Measurements are used in the Data Analysis section of every lesson, so understanding their basic operation is important. Let s say you wanted to know the heart rate for the sample ECG data. You could get a rough estimate of the average heart rate by counting the number of peaks (R-waves) within the first 10 seconds (14 in this example) and multiplying by 6 to get the number of beats per minute (84 in this example). Or, you could take a much easier and more accurate reading with the Student Lab measurement tools. 17. Pull down a measurement type box and select BPM. The measurement type box is a pop-up menu next to each channel number box that allows you to choose any of the 17 Biopac Student Lab measurement functions. 18. Select an area from the peak of one R-wave to the peak of the next R-wave using the I-beam. 19. Review the result. Click on the I-beam icon to activate the I-beam cursor. If the correct region is not established by the I-Beam cursor for the measurement type, the result will be meaningless. Results will be automatically updated when you change the channel selection or the selected area. Congratulations! You should now recognize the basic concepts and be able to begin using the Biopac Student Lab for data analysis. For more detailed instruction, complete the full tutorial.

11 Basic Tutorial 11 Part B Display Functions 20. Show Channel 40 again. 21. Select Autoscale horizontal from the Display menu. 22. Select Autoscale waveforms from the Display menu. 23. Familiarize yourself with the data viewing tools and display regions of the Data Window. The Biopac Student Lab software has a variety of Display Tools available that allow you to change the data display by adjusting axis scales, hiding channels, zooming in, adding grids, etc. This can be very useful when you are interested in studying just a portion of a record, or to help you identify and isolate significant data in the record for reporting and/or analysis. channel boxes (Data Analysis mode only) lesson display buttons (can vary from lesson to lesson) active channel label channel labels channel display region (CH 1) channel display region (CH 40) vertical scales vertical scroll box vertical scroll bar Editing and Selection Tools 24. Locate the editing and selection tool icons in the lower right of the Data Window. horizontal scroll bar horizontal scroll box horizontal scale selection tool zoom tool A good starting point is to understand the editing and selection tools. In the lower right of the data window there are three icons representing the selection tool, the I-Beam tool, and the zoom tool. 25. Click on the I-beam tool and move the cursor into the channel display region to see how the cursor changes. 26. Click on the zoom tool and move the cursor into the channel display region to see how the cursor changes. 27. Click on the selection tool and move the cursor into the channel display region to see how the cursor changes. To select any of these tools simply click the mouse on the desired icon, and it will darken to indicate it is active (the I-beam is darkened/active in the picture above). Each tool displays a different mouse cursor when it is active. The sample data file opens with the selection tool active. The I-Beam icon changes the cursor to and is used to select an area for measurement, as will be demonstrated later. The zoom icon changes the cursor to and is used to expand a section of the waveform to see more detail, as will be demonstrated later. The selection icon changes the cursor to and is a generalpurpose cursor tool, used for selecting waveforms and scrolling through data.

12 12 Biopac Student Lab Activate a Channel 28. Locate the Channel boxes in the upper left portion of the data window. In the upper left portion of the data window are the channel boxes. They enable you to identify the active channel and hide channels from view, so as to concentrate on or print out only specific waveforms at a time. The active channel appears depressed, and on Macs, there is a label next to the channel box that indicates the active channel. In the sample below, CH 1 ECG is the active channel. (this label appears on Macs only). 29. Mac users only -- Using the selection tool, click on the Channel 40 box to activate it and notice how the channel label to the right of the channel boxes changed to Pulse to indicate the active channel. Show/Hide channel 30. Use the selection tool to hide Channel 40 as follows: ¾ PC hold down the Ctrl (Control) key and click on the Channel 40 box ¾ Macintosh hold the option key down and click on the Channel 40 box. 31. Click on Channel 1 to activate it. Notice that the label changes from Pulse to ECG. To activate another channel simply click on the channel number box with the selection tool, and its label will be displayed. The channel box that is active is the channel that contains the displayed label. The label to the right of the channel boxes should correspond to the label to the left of each channel s display region. You should notice that the active channel appears to be depressed. Another data viewing feature of the Biopac Student Lab system, is the ability to hide any of the channels from view. The data for a disabled channel is not lost, but simply hidden, so that the user can focus on specific channel(s). These hidden channels can be brought back into view at any time. The channel box displays a slash when that channel is turned off. Hiding an active channel does not prevent it from being the active channel; you must still select another channel to activate it.

13 Basic Tutorial 13 Show / Hide Grid Display 32. Pull down the File menu and scroll down to select Display Preferences. Another powerful feature is the ability to Show or Hide the grid display. A grid is a series of horizontal and vertical lines that assist the eye with finding data positions with respect to the horizontal and vertical scales. To turn grids on and off in the Review Saved Data mode, simply choose Display Preferences from the File menu as shown below. 33. Select Grids and click on Ok. A window will appear as shown: 34. Select Show Grids to turn the grid display ON, and click Ok. Another window will appear as shown: (To turn the grid display OFF, select Hide Grids.)

14 14 Biopac Student Lab 35. Review the display with grids. 36. Repeat steps to Hide Grids again. Scroll - horizontal 37. Locate the horizontal scroll bar at the lower edge of the display and the horizontal scroll box arrows at the left and right ends of the bar. Note that the Grids display affects all channels. If you show a channel that was hidden when Grids were activated, the grid display will show on the channel. You can move to different locations in the record by using the horizontal scroll bar. In our example, the horizontal scale represents time in seconds. If the entire waveform is being displayed, the scroll bar will dim, and it will not allow changes. If however, you have zoomed or changed the horizontal scale, such that only a portion of the waveform is in view, then the scroll bar will be active. This is a standard Windows style scroll bar (for both Mac and PC). Note that since the horizontal scale applies to all channels in view, it will move every waveform simultaneously.

15 Basic Tutorial Move to different locations in the record by clicking on the bar, or clicking and holding down the mouse button on the horizontal scroll box to drag it left or right. Notice the horizontal scale range on the bottom changes to indicate your position in the record. 39. Move to locations later in the record by clicking on the arrow on the right end of the scroll bar. You can click on the arrow and hold down the mouse button to create a continuous scroll. Scroll vertical 40. Locate the vertical scroll bar along the right edge of the display and the vertical scroll box arrows at the top and bottom of the bar. A similar scroll bar can be found next to the vertical scale. This is the vertical scroll bar, and it allows you to move a specific waveform either up or down. The channel that it moves is the one shown by the active channel box. To move a different channel click on corresponding channel box using the selection tool.

16 16 Biopac Student Lab 41. Move the waveform up by clicking on the arrow on the bottom of the scroll bar. Notice the vertical scale range on the right side changed. 42. Move the waveform back to center by dragging the box to the center (zero) position. 43. Choose Autoscale waveform to center the waveform in the display window.

17 Basic Tutorial Use the selection tool to show channel 40 again. ¾ PC hold down the Ctrl (Control) key and click on the Channel 40 box ¾ Macintosh hold down the option key and click on the Channel 40 box Scales 45. Identify the horizontal scale along the bottom of the screen and the vertical scale along the right edge of the screen. Adjust horizontal scale 46. Click anywhere in the horizontal scale region to bring up the adjustment box. Note that any change you make to the horizontal or vertical scale only effects how the waveforms are displayed, and never alters the saved data file. That is to say, you will never lose any data when you change these settings. If you click anywhere within the horizontal scale region, a window will pop up as shown below. This window allows you to precisely specify the horizontal scale. 47. Read about the Time, Start, and Precision options to the right The Time setting defines the number of seconds per division displayed in the data window. Edit the number like you would in a word processor or double click in the appropriate box and type in a new number The Start setting defines the placement of the waveforms by setting the time displayed at the left most portion of the data window. Edit the number like you would in a word processor or double click in the appropriate box and type in a new number. The Precision setting controls the number of significant digits displayed in the horizontal scale region. Click and hold down the mouse on the precision number. A pop-up menu will appear, allowing you to make another selection.

18 18 Biopac Student Lab Changes made in this window will be performed after clicking on the OK button. If no changes are desired, click on Cancel. Adjust vertical scale 48. Click anywhere in the vertical scale region for Channel 1 to bring up the adjustment box. Note that the vertical scale is independent for each channel. If you click anywhere within the vertical scale region, a window will pop as shown below. 49. Read about the Scale, Midpoint, Precision, and All channels options to the right. 50. Changes made in this window will be performed after clicking on the Ok button. If no changes are desired, click on Cancel. Note that the vertical scale is independent for each channel, so you need to select the appropriate channel prior to clicking on the vertical scale. If the vertical scale you want to change is not the one displayed (in our case CH 1), click on Cancel and then click on the appropriate channel box using the selection tool. Scale defines the amplitude per division displayed in vertical scale. Edit the number like you would in a word processor or double click in the appropriate box and type in a new number. Midpoint defines the amplitude value corresponding to the center of that channel s vertical scale. Edit the number like you would in a word processor or double click in the appropriate box and type in a new number. Precision establishes the number of significant digits displayed in the vertical scale region. Click and hold down the mouse on the precision number. A pop-up menu will appear, allowing you to make another selection. All Channels is a quick way to have the scale setting apply to all of the vertical scales in the data window. This is particularly useful when all of the channels are the same type of data (i.e. 2 or 3 channels of ECG data). Click in the box. An X will appear when the option is activated. Repeated clicking in the box will toggle the option on or off.

19 Basic Tutorial 19 Zoom 51. Click on the zoom tool icon to select it. 52. Position the cursor at the start of the section you d like to zoom in on, then click and hold the mouse button down and drag the cursor to draw a box around the area. The zoom tool is very useful for expanding a waveform in order to see more detail. The zoom function can only be used on a single channel at a time but effects all channels. If you know the precise section of the waveform that you d like to enlarge, you can use the Zoom tool to draw a box around the area you wish to zoom in on. The following figure shows an example of a selection made in the ECG data with the zoom tool. 53. Release the mouse button and review your result. ¾ Note that the vertical scale changed for the selected channel, but the horizontal scale changed for all channels. When the mouse button is released, the boundaries of the selected area become the new boundaries of the data window, as shown: Display Menu 54. Pull down the Display menu to review the options. The vertical scale will change for the selected channel only, but the horizontal scale will change for all channels; this is because the horizontal (time) scale is the same for all channels. The Display menu contains even more tools for manipulating the data display. When you click on Display and hold down the mouse, the following options will pop-up: Display Menu options To use any of these options, click and hold down the mouse button on the Display menu and drag down to the desired selection, then release the mouse button.

20 20 Biopac Student Lab 55. Select Zoom previous to undo the Zoom. After you have zoomed in on a section of the waveform, you may undo the zoom and revert to the scale settings (both horizontal and vertical) established prior to the last zoom by selecting Zoom previous from the Display menu. The Zoom previous function will only go back one Zoom function. You can not select it 6 times, for instance, to go back 6 zooms. 56. Activate Channel 1. Click in the Channel 1 channel box to activate it. 57. Move the vertical scroll bar to reposition the Channel 1 ECG waveform. 58. Select Channel 40 and move the vertical scroll bar to reposition the Channel 40 Pulse waveform. 59. Pull down the Display menu and select Autoscale waveforms. These next two steps are so you will be able to see the effect of the Autoscale waveform function. The Autoscale waveforms option of the Display menu is a very handy tool that performs a best fit to each channel s vertical scale. That is, it will adjust the Scale and Midpoint of each channel s vertical scale, such that the waveform fills approximately two-thirds of the available area. After autoscaling, the Scale will probably not be set to nice even numbers, so you may wish to manually adjust the scale slightly if even numbers are desired.

21 Basic Tutorial Pull down the Display menu and select Autoscale horizontal. Autoscale horizontal from the Display menu is a quick way to fit the entire waveform within the data window. That is, it will adjust the horizontal scale such that the left most portion of the screen is the start of the recording, and the right most portion is the end of the recording. The time per division setting, will not necessarily be nice even numbers. Part C Extracting Measurements The Selected Area 61. Read about the Selected Area to the right. The selected area for all measurements is the area selected by the I-Beam tool (including the endpoints). Note that the I-beam cursor position when the mouse button was first pressed defines the starting point and the position at release defines the end position of the selected area. A critical concept for the measurement tools is that the measurement results only apply to the area established by the I- Beam cursor. ¾ The selected area can be a single point, an area, or the end points of a selected area. ¾ If there is no point or area highlighted on the screen, then the measurement results are meaningless.

22 22 Biopac Student Lab Select a single-point area 62. Click on the I-beam tool icon to activate it. 63. Move the cursor over a point on the data. 64. Click on the mouse button. A flashing line should appear at the cursor position. ¾ It is up to you to select a point or an area with the I-Beam cursor, as the software will never do it automatically. You will notice that whenever the cursor is over data it is displayed as an I. When you have a flashing line, you have one point of data selected. If the line is not flashing, it means that you moved the cursor while the mouse button was pressed, and you actually selected more than one point of data. If this occurred simply click on another portion of data. one data point selected (flashing line) 65. Click on the selection tool icon to deactivate the point. Selecting an area (several points) 66. Click on the I-Beam tool icon to activate it. 67. Move the cursor over a point on the data. 68. Drag the mouse while keeping the mouse button held down. 69. Release the mouse button. ¾ An area should be highlighted. When you are finished taking measurements, and wish to deactivate a point, click on the selection tool icon. When the mouse button is released, an area should be highlighted (darkened) on the screen, as shown below. This is very similar to how you select words in a word processing program. Area (group of data points) selected

23 Basic Tutorial Click the mouse on another point of data and then click on the selection tool icon to deactivate the point. Measurement tools 71. Read about Measurement Tools to the right. 72. Locate the channel measurement box regions. When you are finished taking measurements and wish to deactivate a selected area, click the mouse on another portion of data to select just one point (flashing line appears), then click on the selection tool icon. The measurement tools are used to extract specific information from the waveform(s). Measurements are used in the Data Analysis section of every lesson, so understanding their basic operation is important. To use the measurement tools, you must a) set the channel measurement box to the desired channel b) select a measurement tool from the pop-up menu c) select an area for measurement Note that you can perform these elements in any order, but all three must be completed to achieve a valid measurement. Two important points regarding measurements need to be mentioned here: 1. The first is that the measurement only applies to data in the selected area of the waveform that the user specifies. 2. The second is that every lesson contains the same measurement options, but some may not be applicable to that particular lesson. This is because the measurement options are a standard set of tools that are always available, much like a scientific calculator contains a standard set of buttons, many of which may not be necessary for any given problem. Note that there are four channel measurement box regions shown in the window. The SampleData file contains two channels of data. channel boxes (data analysis mode only) channel measurement box regions Selection cursor icon "I" Beam cursor icon The measurement box regions can be set to correspond to any of the channels shown on the screen. To change to another channel, simply click on its channel box, and read the new label.

24 24 Biopac Student Lab 73. Review the Channel Box Region. The following figure shows a breakdown of the pieces within the Channel box region: measurement type Pop-up menu channel number Pop-up menu measurement result 74. Pull down the Channel number [CH] pop-up menu and review the options. Elements of the channel box region The channel number refers to the channel of data that is active for that measurement box region. To change a channel number, click and hold down the mouse button over the channel number box. A pop-up menu will appear allowing you to make another selection. 75. Position the cursor over a channel box and pull down the menu to select the SC channel option. 76. Position the cursor over a channel box and click and hold down the mouse button to generate the pop-up menu. Select Channel 1. The selections in the pop-up menu will contain the channels that were recorded plus the SC option. SC stands for Selected Channel, and is an optional way to take measurements. When SC is selected, the channel the measurement region refers to is the one indicated by the depressed channel box. To take a measurement from another channel, you may simply click on the desired channel box, or click anywhere within the data region for the desired channel using the selection tool icon. This allows you to make quick measurement comparisons between channels using one region. To determine which channel number refers to which waveform, look to the right of the box(es) for the active channel box label. To fix the channel number for the region, simply choose the desired channel number. If you have a color monitor, the boxes will be outlined in the corresponding wave color.

25 Basic Tutorial Position the cursor over a measurement type box and pull down the measurement tool popup menu. Measurement Result 78. Locate the measurement result region. Sample BPM reading The measurement type box is a pop-up menu next to each channel box that allows you to choose any of the 17 Biopac Student Lab measurement functions. (See the Elements of the channel box region figure on page 24 for a complete list of measurements). The pop-up measurements always operate on the area you have selected with the I-beam tool and will update instantly if the area or measurement changes. For instance, if you choose p-p, you will find the peak to peak value of the wave in the selected area. If you choose max, you will get the maximum value of the selected area. Note that all measurements are available in every lesson, but some may not be used. The measurement result is the value that the measurement calculates. From time to time, you will want to know specific things about the data on the screen. For example, let s say you wanted to know the heart rate for the sample data. 79. Activate Channel Adjust the horizontal scale so that you can easily identify the R- wave peaks (try.30 seconds/div). 81. Use the I-beam tool to select an area from the peak of one R- wave to the peak of the next R- wave. 82. Set a channel measurement box to Channel 1, BPM. 83. Review the result. Since you can see the peaks (R-Wave) in the ECG waveform, you can get a rough estimate of the average heart rate by counting the number of peaks within the first 10 seconds (14 in this example) and multiplying by 6 to get the number of beats per minute (84 in this example). If the correct region is not established by the I-Beam cursor for the measurement type, the result will be meaningless. Your result will vary; this is just an example.

26 26 Biopac Student Lab Part D Markers Markers 84. Read about Markers to the right. Markers are used to reference important locations in the data and appear as inverted triangles within the marker region. Markers may be automatically inserted in a lesson and/or you may be instructed when to insert a marker. Additionally, you may wish to add markers or edit marker text after the recording. The specific elements of markers are shown below: Marker Text Marker Region Markers Marker Tools 85. Click on the right pointing marker tool. 86. Click on the left pointing marker tool. 87. Click on the downward pointing marker tool. To insert a marker while the data is being recorded, you must depress the Esc key on a Macintosh, or the F9 key on the PC. You may then type in text, which will be linked to that marker. The text is shown in the left portion of the marker region. The marker that is darkened/colored is the active marker for which the marker text shown applies. You may change the active marker by using the marker tools in the right portion of the marker region (see figure above). Clicking on the right pointing marker tool will move to the marker that was placed after the current active marker (if one exists). Notice the marker label and the data position. Clicking on the left pointing marker tool will move to the marker that was placed prior to the current active marker (if one exists). Notice the marker label and the data position. Clicking on the downward pointing marker tool generates a pop-up menu as shown: To choose any of the menu items, simply scroll to the desired option and release the mouse button when it is highlighted.

27 Basic Tutorial Review the list of marker labels at the bottom of the menu and scroll down to select exhale. Add a marker 89. Use the selection tool to click in the marker region to the right of the exhale marker to add a new marker. 90. Label the new marker test marker by entering text at the flashing cursor in the marker text region. All the marker labels in the record will be listed at the bottom of the menu. The SampleData file has two markers. You may go to a particular marker by scrolling down to select its label. Moving to different markers using this menu may not seem very relevant for the SampleData file, but when a lot of data has been recorded, it can be a very useful tool. You may add markers to your data after it has been recorded simply by clicking within the marker region using the selection tool. This new marker will then become the current active marker, and you may type in the marker text. 91. Pull down the downward marker arrow and select the Find option. 92. PC: Enter awake when prompted and click on Find. Mac: Enter inhale when prompted and click on Find. 93. If prompted, click Ok to restart marker search from the beginning of the record. The marker menu allows you to Find certain markers by entering the marker text you want to locate. Selecting Find again will move to the next marker with the same label (if one exists).

28 28 Biopac Student Lab Edit marker text 94. Use the selection tool to click in the marker region and change the label. For instance, Mac users can change inhale-hold breath to inhale/hold using standard keyboard functions. 95. Pull down the downward marker arrow and select Test marker and to go to it. 96. Pull down the downward marker arrow and select the Clear marker option to delete the Test marker. You may edit marker text by using the selection tool to click within the marker region and using the keyboard functions to edit the marker text. The Clear marker option will delete the current active marker. Selecting Clear all markers will delete all the markers in the file. It is important to note that you cannot undo a Clear marker or Clear all markers function, so these functions should be selected with caution. Part E The Journal 97. Read about the Journal to the right. 98. Click anywhere in the Journal window to activate it. Note that when the Journal is the active window, the title bar of the Journal includes sizing and close boxes. The Review Saved Data mode incorporates a Journal feature so you can type notes or copy measurements from previously saved data. You can also copy the data directly to the Journal. The Journal needs to be the active window for its options to come up.

29 Basic Tutorial 29 Format Journal Entries 99. Pull down the File menu, scroll down to Journal Preferences and drag right to select Journal/Clipboard 100. Review the options that can be set to change the way measurements are pasted into the Journal. You can set the font style and size and control formatting for text, measurements and wave data Click in the box next to each measurement paste option box so that all are selected Click in the Include time values box of the waveform data paste options Click Ok to accept the option changes. Time and Date Stamps 104. Position the cursor at the end of the journal entries and click on the clock icon to activate the time stamp. Review the Journal Click on the calendar icon to activate the date stamp. Review the Journal. Select these options for the tutorial so that when you paste measurements in a few steps you can easily identify them. When you plan to export the measurements to a spreadsheet program (such as Excel), it is best not to select all of the options, as they will affect the formatting. Again, make this selection for the tutorial, but you would not normally select this if you planned to export the wave data to a spreadsheet program. The Journal is also equipped with stamps for the time and date. It s always a good idea to time and date stamp the Journal. The time stamp is the clock button at the top left of the Journal window. When you click on the clock icon, the current time (according to your computer s System clock) will be entered in the Journal at the cursor point. The date stamp is the calendar button to the right of the time stamp. When you click on the calendar icon, the current date (according to your computer s System calendar) will be entered in the Journal at the cursor point.

30 30 Biopac Student Lab Text entry 106. Place the cursor at the point you wish to begin typing and enter text using the standard keyboard functions. It s possible to write anything you want directly in the Journal. Just click on the Journal window and place the cursor at the point you wish to begin typing. Paste a pop-up measurement 107. Select Channel 1 in the Data Window Set a pop-up measurement box for CH 1 BPM Set a second pop-up measurement box for CH 1 Time Use the I-beam tool to select a region from the peak of one R-wave to the peak of the next R-wave Pull down the Edit menu, scroll to Journal and slide right to select Paste Measurement. To go back to the graph, just click on the graph window. Select the channel you want to measure by clicking on it with the arrow tool or use the cursor to pick the correct channel number in the boxes just left of each of the pop-up measurements Review the Journal entry. Paste Wave Data 113. Select the channel you wish to measure Use the I-beam selection tool to select the portion of the wave you are interested in Pull down the Edit menu, scroll down to Journal then scroll right to Paste Wave Data. When you use the Paste Measurement function, all the pop-up measurements showing a value will be written to the Journal. If you don t want these measurements in the Journal, be sure to select the measurement option none. The Paste Wave Data function will write all the points that make up the data in the selected wave area to the Journal. Select the channel you wish to measure by clicking on it using the arrow tool or use the cursor to pick the correct channel in the channel boxes just left of each of the pop-up measurements Remember it s very easy to put a lot of data into the Journal using this command. If you select one second of a wave that was sampled at 200 Hz, 200 numbers will be pasted into the Journal.

31 Basic Tutorial Review the Journal entry. Saving the Journal 117. Pull down the File menu and select Save Changes. When saving the Journal, the program creates a standard text file. The only file type option available is journal graph because the Journal and Graph files are linked. To save the Journal, click on the File menu and select Save Changes Click on Save Changes to use the existing file name and location Click on the Journal window and move to the File menu, and select Save Changes Enter a new file name and/or location and click on Save. Part F Printing 121. Read about the Print functions to the right. When you choose File > Print you will be prompted to choose which items to print. You control how the data is presented on the printed page by controlling how it is displayed on the screen prior to selecting Print. All of the options relating to printing the data files apply to the waveforms as they are displayed in the data window.

32 32 Biopac Student Lab 122. Printing the Data Window The printer only works with the data shown in the data window, which often is not the complete data file. If you ve zoomed, changed the scale, or hidden a channel, only the portion of data displayed in the data window will be printed. This is actually very useful, because oftentimes you may only want to display a portion of the data. ¾ To print the entire data file 123. Click the mouse in any portion of the Data Window to make it the active window Pull down the Display menu and choose Autoscale horizontal Pull down the Display menu and choose Autoscale waveforms Pull down the File menu and choose Print > Print graph. The next two steps will setup the display window to show the entire data file. The following window is just one example of the window you may see: 127. Click on Print Review the printed result. Your actual print window will depend on the printer (and Operating System) you are using. Refer to the Users Manual for your computer and/or printer if you need more details.

33 Basic Tutorial 33 Part G Saving Data 129. Read about the Save functions to the right. The Biopac Student Lab software lets you save the data waveform(s) file for later review. The program will save the data file automatically, with a file name based on the user name or I.D. given at the start of each lesson. The first step in every lesson is for you to enter in your name. The Biopac Student Lab software then creates a folder with the exact name you enter and places it in the Data Files folder of the Biopac Student Lab Program folder. When the Done button is pressed, the lesson will automatically save your data file to the Data Files folder. The software will save the data file with the name you entered plus an extension that identifies the lesson number and the file type (lesson data or journal). This extension is very important because the software will key off this extension and open up different tools for the Review Saved Data Mode, depending on the lesson. NEVER CHANGE THESE FILE NAMES. In addition to saving the data file, the software will automatically create a journal file and place lesson information in it. It will save this journal with the same name as the data file, but with a J in the extension instead of an L as was used for the data file. Since the Review Saved Data mode needs to access both data and journal files, ALWAYS KEEP THESE TWO FILES TOGETHER. Other lesson data files that use the same name will be placed in this same folder, but the software will never allow you to save a data file with the same name and lesson number. This information is summarized in the following figure: Journal Files Data Files File extensions are added autom atically Inside the Data Files folder As a general note, because the Biopac Student Lab software is saving the data and journal files automatically, you must exercise caution when moving things around into different folders.

34 34 Biopac Student Lab 130. Review the save options under the File menu. It is recommended that you never place other files or folders in the BIOPAC Student Lab folder, and never take files or folders out of the BSL folder with the exception of removing data and journal files from the Data Files folder. SAVE OPTIONS Once in the Review Saved Data mode, you may alter the data display window, or enter more information into the journal. When you make changes to the data window, you are only changing how the data appears on the screen you are not altering the data that has been originally recorded. Saving the changes will never delete any data Pull down the File menu and select the Save changes option Review the options and select Cancel when done. File menu for Save options The Save changes option saves the file in the original location. The Copy to Floppy or Network option creates a copy of the original file in a new location. To save without quitting the software, use the save options in the File menu. These options are shown in the following figure. After a Save selection has been made, the following window should appear. PC Macintosh dialog on next page Æ

35 Basic Tutorial Pull down the file menu and select Quit. Macintosh There are several options to review here: ¾ File location allows you to choose where the altered file will be saved. Note that if you want to save to anywhere different from where the original files were located for example, saving the data to floppy disks for later review you should use the Copy to Floppy or Network option. This is in order to allow the Review Saved Data Mode to work correctly. ¾ File name can not be altered from the original name. Again, this is to allow the Review Saved Data mode to work correctly. ¾ File type is locked on Graph, which is the original way it was saved and is the waveform display you normally see on screen. This mode copies the journal text as well. ¾ The Eject button will eject the active disk and allow you to insert a disk to copy to. ¾ The Desktop button will allow you to find files on the desktop. ¾ The New button will create a new folder. ¾ The Cancel button terminates the Save function. ¾ The Save button instigates the Save function. Alternatively, you can use the fast key shown. When you try to quit the software after altering the data file and/or journal file in any way, the following message will appear. Quit prompt to save changes

36 36 Biopac Student Lab 134. If prompted, click Yes to save all changes. Alternatively, you can select the self-explanatory No or Cancel options Eject the disk. ¾ Mac: use Special menu ¾ PC: manually eject disk 136. Close the file you opened and close the hard drive window Remove the diskette from your hard drive Drag the diskette icon to the trash and release the mouse button Pull down the Start or Special menu and choose Shut down. Alternatively, Mac users can drag the diskette icon to the Trash icon and it will eject.