Social Studies World History Unit 01 Early Civilizations (8000 BC 500 BC)

Transcription

1 Social Studies World History Unit 01 Early Civilizations (8000 BC 500 BC)

2 1 Which geographic factor likely contributed to the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution? A changing sea levels forced huntergatherers into the interior of continents B climate change led to longer growing season for farming C spread of disease led to physical attacks on cities D natural disasters led to a period of migration and movement 2 Societies during the era of Early Civilizations (8000 B.C. 500 B.C.) are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT F first organized governments G first systems of writing H first major religions J first use of tools 3 How did the Neolithic Revolution alter the social patterns of humans? A It led to people becoming nomadic. B It led to the development of major religions. C It led to the creation of settled communities. D It led to greater social equality between male and female. 4 Why is the government of ancient Egypt considered a theocracy? F Leadership passes from father to son. G The pharaoh is considered a god king. H Wealthy elite control most parts of government. J The government has a representative legislature. 5 Which lasting impact did Hammurabi's Code have on law? A Laws no longer suggested punishments. B Laws were created by a representative group. C Laws were made more consistent and predictable. D Laws needed to be interpreted by impartial judges. 6 How are the origins of Hinduism and Buddhism similar? F Both were founded at the same time. G Both began in the same modern day country. H Both implemented a caste system for social classes. J Both considered Siddhartha Gautama as the principle founder. Page 2

3 7 Which change to human societies did NOT result from the Neolithic Revolution? A People began using bone and stone tools. B The population began growing much faster. 11 Which objective is a primary goal of Confucianism? A separate society into distinct social classes B restore social order through proper behavior C Advanced cities began growing along rivers and deltas. C gain salvation through belief in a personal god D Specialized workers began to produce more intricate and complex products. D achieve a higher spiritual state through self sacrifice 8 Which scientific achievement is NOT attributed to ancient Egyptians? F first to use geometry G first to use stone columns H first to create a solar calendar J first to develop a technique to create bronze 9 Which ancient civilization was the first to use city planning and sewer systems? A the early Egyptians B the early Mesopotamians C the Shang Dynasty of China D the early Indus River Valley Civilization 10 Which civilization developed an early writing system that used cuneiform script on wet clay tablets? F Egyptian G Sumerian H Chinese Zhou Dynasty J early Indus River Valley 12 Why were early Indus River Valley settlements sometimes forced to change location? F The Indus River occasionally changed course. G Earthquakes devastated the poorly built homes. H Communities needed to find a more defensible location. J Aryan invaders moved many settlements closer to the seas. 13 Why was Egypt called the "Gift of the Nile"? A The Nile provided a source of fish and wildlife. B The Nile kept invaders from entering from the north. C Irrigation from the Nile provided for farming in a desert region. D Egyptian religious leaders believed the gods had placed the Nile in Egypt as a sign of Egyptian supremacy. Page 3

4 Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following four questions. 14 Which letter indicates the area of Mesopotamia? F A G B H C J D 15 What area is indicated with the letter A? A Mesopotamia 16 How was location A vulnerable to invasion in ancient history? F Most invasions arrived along the Red Sea. G Most invasions traveled north along the Nile River H Most invasions arrived to Egypt by the Mediterranean Sea. J Most invasions entered Egypt over land from the Middle East. B Mediterranean Sea C Indus Valley D Egypt Page 4

5 17 Which factor most influenced the location of civilizations labeled A, B, and C on the map? A The early religions were established at these locations and attracted people to the area. B Strong empires were established at these locations allowing the first civilizations to grow. C Early civilizations settled near essential routes for trading goods and services. D Early settlements began near rivers to use as transportation and a fresh water source. 18 Which example demonstrates the process of technological diffusion? F The Hittites used iron weapons to fight the Egyptian New Kingdom. 20 How did the transition to farming influence the development of government? F Governments were needed to conquer better farmlands. G Governments were needed to organize large community projects. H Governments were needed to establish distinct social classes. J Governments were needed to protect local religions from outside influences. 21 Which of the following is characterized by a family maintaining power for several generations? A empire B dynasty C caste system D stratified society G The Egyptians used advanced mathematics to build monumental architecture. H The Egyptians used chariots to drive the Hyksos from power in Egypt. J The Egyptians used Nile reeds to create a lightweight writing surface. 19 Which historical artifact would NOT be evidence of a civilization? A a metal coin B a piece of woven silk C a fishhook made of bone D a clay tablet with writing Page 5

6 22 In a complete paragraph, explain at least one economic, one social, and one geographic factor that led to the development of early civilizations. Be sure to use correct social studies terminology, spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Page 6

7 23 Create a table that compares three characteristics of two of the major river valley civilizations. Characteristics may include government structure, economy, religion, social structure, and others. Then in two or three sentences, describe how geography influenced one of the three characteristics in both civilizations. Page 7

8 24 Use the word bank to complete the graphic below. Then write a sentence each for three of the factors explaining their influence on river valley civilizations. Word Bank: (Note: you may not use all terms) cities, irrigation, systems of government and religion, flooding, trade networks, architecture, calendar systems, writing, climate change, natural resources, written law codes Page 8

9 25 Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question Euphrates River Declaration of Buddhism Independence Huang River Hammurabi's Code Christianity Indus River Justinian's Code Hinduism Nile River Magna Carta Islam Tigris River Judaism What set of titles best completes the table? A (1) Driest River Valleys (2) Historical Documents of Ancient Civilizations (3) Major World Religions B (1) Longest World Rivers (2) Modern Code of Law (3) Major World Religions C (1) Site of Ancient Civilizations (2) Documents Influencing Modern Law (3) Major World Religions D (1) Locations of Religious Significance (2) Documents Influencing Modern Science (3) Major World Religions 26 Much of what has been learned about the early civilizations has been uncovered by who have found artifacts in excavations. When the written and pictorial languages were found, however, were able to bring much more insight into what these civilizations believed. They were also able to use modern science, including DNA and other human scientific indicators, to draw valid conclusions. 27 Agriculture first developed in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and then spread throughout much of Eurasia over the next 2,000 years. As agriculture spread, communities formed and began trading with each other. Early communities traded handcrafted goods such as baskets, pottery, and bronze tools. As these goods moved from community to community, the style of the goods was copied by the local people. Which words complete the paragraph above? Which of the following best describes this pattern? F G archaeologists...historians archaeologists...anthropologists A Neolithic Revolution B diaspora H anthropologists...historians C worker specialization J anthropologists...archaeologists D cultural diffusion Page 9

10 Code of Hammurabi Excerpt: If anyone ensnares another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. If anyone brings an accusation against a man, and the accused goes to the river and leaps into the river, if he sinks in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river proves that the accused is not guilty, and he escapes unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. If anyone finds runaway male or female slaves in the open country and brings them to their masters, the master of the slaves shall pay him two shekels of silver. If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if a capital offense is charged, be put to death. If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then the builder shall be put to death. (Another variant of this is, If the owner's son dies, then the builder's son shall be put to death.) If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. If anyone steals the minor son of another, he will be put to death. If a man takes a woman as a wife, but has no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. If a man strike a free born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. If a man puts out the eye of a patrician, his eye shall be put out. If a man knocks the teeth out of another man, his own teeth will be knocked out. If anyone strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox whip in public. If a freeborn man strikes the body of another freeborn man of equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. If the slave of a freed man strikes the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. If anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he shall be put to death. The Ten Commandments 1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 3. Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 5. Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. 6. Thou shalt not kill. 7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 8. Thou shalt not steal. 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his animals, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. Page 10

11 28 Using either the Jewish Ten Commandments or Hammurabi's Code, construct a thesis explaining the impact of the document on human history. Then write a paragraph supporting that thesis statement using evidence from the attached information. Be sure to use correct grammar and terminology. Page 11 STOP

12 Test Key Social Studies World History Unit 01 Early Civilizations (8000 BC BC) ## Item # Correct Answer Primary SE Secondary SE Obj/Cat 1 S0WH015018CS B WHS.1(A) 2 SWH D J WHS.1(A) 3 SWH D C WHS.17(A) [R] History 5 4 S0WH015040CS G WHS.19(A) History 4 5 SWH D C WHS.20(B) History 4 6 SWH D G WHS.23(A) [R] History 3 7 S0WH015414CS A WHS.2(A) 8 S0WH015809cs J WHS.1(A) 9 S0WH015815cs D WHS.27(A) History 5 10 S0WH015814cs G WHS.27(A) History 5 11 S0WH015811cs B WHS.23(A) [R] History 3 12 S0WH015810cs F WHS.1(A) 13 S0WH015808cs C WHS.1(A) 14 S0WH015816cs H WHS.16(A) WHS.30(C) History 3 15 SWH D WHS.16(A) WHS.30(C) History 3 16 S0WH016158CS J WHS.16(C) WHS.30(C) 17 S0WH016159CS D WHS.15(B) WHS.29(F) 18 S0WH015042CS H WHS.27(A) History 5 19 S0WH016160CS C WHS.2(B) 20 S0WH016161CS G WHS.17(B) History 5 21 S0WH016162CS B WHS.19(A) WHS.30(A) History 4

13 Answers will vary, but should include some of the following: 22 SWH D Economic factors: domesticated animals, new tools created, trade established, division of labor; Social factors: more leisure time, arts, social classes, religion; WHS.16(B) [R] WHS.29(G) History 3 Geographic factors: natural barriers, climate, water availability 23 S0WH015817cs 0 to 4 WHS.15(B) WHS.29(F) 24 S0WH016164CS 0 to 3 WHS.16(B) [R] WHS.29(F) History 3 25 SWH RX C WHS.1(A) WHS.29(F) 26 SWH D G WHS.29(A) 27 S0WH016163CS D WHS.27(A) WHS.30(A) History 5 28 S0WH015117CS 0 to 4 WHS.20(B) WHS.29(G) History 4

14 Scoring Rubrics 23 4 Table provides all essential information accurately, with no omissions. 3 Table provides generally accurate and complete information; however, there may be minor errors or omissions. 2 Table provides only minimally acceptable information. There is at least one major omission or several inaccuracies; however, overall there is enough relevant information to be minimally sufficient. 1 There are too many errors and omissions to be minimally acceptable. 0 - Student does not attempt task. 24 Likely physical factors - flooding, climate change, natural resources Likely human factors - cities, systems of government and religion, architecture, calendar systems, writing, written law codes Likely both - irrigation, trade networks 3 Key terms are correctly placed and 3 sentences accurately explain the influence of 3 factors on river valley civilizations. 2 One or two key terms are incorrectly placed and/or the sentences have a limited explanation. 1 There are multiple errors. 0 Student does not attempt task Answer includes a well-defined thesis statement and paragraph with evidence. There are no major errors in terminology and grammar. 3 Answer includes a fairly well-defined thesis statement and paragraph with evidence. Few major errors in terminology and grammar are present. 2 Response has a barely discernable thesis statement and paragraph with little evidence. Several major errors in terminology and grammar are present. 1 Response has a poor or no thesis statement and poorly written paragraph with little evidence. Several major errors in terminology and grammar are present. 0 - Student does not attempt task.