Geothermal Energy in Hungary

Transcription

1 Geothermal Energy in Hungary Geothermal technology knows no borders." Karl Gawell, Geothermal Energy Association dr. Peter Praczki Vecsés, Hungary

2 The geothermal energy industry The geothermal energy (GE) originates from the Planet early formation GE is the power extracted from heat stored in the Earth GE was used for bathing in paleolithic and heating in Roman times GE has been used since 100 years for establishing steam for electricity purposes.

3 Renewable Energies in European Union Hungarian geothermal energy production 4,23 PJ (2010) is 0.37 % from the total Hungarian energy production (1126 PJ)

4 Geothermal energy in Hungary Geothermal energy % 4,23 PJ % 16,43 PJ Ground Heat Pumps % 0,25 PJ % 5,99 PJ (Hungarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan )

5 Geothermal energy in Hungary Renewable energy development Hotel Gellért - Budapest (Hungarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan )

6 Hungary s geological opportunities C o Hungary is located in a large sedimentary basin, therefore its geothermal features are excellent.

7 Geothermal energy in Hungary The average geothermal gradient is in a 5-7 Celsius degrees range (100 m 60 C and 2000 m 100 C) Hungary is known to be reach in thermal waters (About 500 Mrd m3 total supply, from 50 Mrd m3 thermal water could be used). There are around 1400 thermal water wells in Hungary. 788 are using 450 M m3 water per year (Balneology: 200 thermal wells) Thermal power 654,6 MW. Geothermal energy available capacity PJ Bath Rudas - Budapest

8 Geothermal energy production segments Geothermal heat pumps Geothermal heating by thermal wells. District heating Greenhouses Fisheries Industrial process heating Balneology Greenhouses in Hungary ( 2 M m2) Electricity production - geothermal power plant Tectonic plates utilization Geothermal Systems Enhanced

9 Geothermal heating and heat pumps Geothermal heating ( m) and ground heat pumps (max 300 m) power in the world top 15 countries (Bertani / 2009) Ground heat pumps - GHP take advantage of moderate temperatures in the ground - High coefficient performance (CoP) (a 1 kw capacity heat pumps compressor could produce 3-6 kw heating power) - Pay out period 3-10 years

10 Geothermal heat pumps system 80,000 units installed in the US per year

11 Types of geothermal heat pump systems Loop systems: closed, vertical, lake, open, hybrid, etc

12 Heat Pumps - How does it work?

13 RETS - Geothermic Heat Pump Systems Hospital Netherland Sittard-Geleen Kindergarten Italy Varese Office building France - Pézenas

14 Cultural Center Vecsés

15 Cultural Center Vecsés

16 Cultural Center Vecsés Drilling with a vertical loop system

17 Cultural Center Vecsés sta Drilling and boring pipes

18 Cultural Center Vecsés Drill bit

19 Cultural Center Vecsés Heat exchangers waiting for action

20 Cultural Center Vecsés Heat exchangers top head

21 Cultural Center Vecsés Ground loops sticking out

22 Cultural Center Vecsés Pipe ends are capped off with air gage

23 Cultural Center Vecsés Header connecting ground loops

24 Cultural Center Vecsés Ground loops connected

25 Cultural Center Vecsés Connection with the heat pumps system

26 Cultural Center Vecsés Once all headers are connected the system is pressurized

27 CBA shopping center Vecsés

28 Thermal Hotel Hegyessy Nyerges - Monor The Thermal Hotel Hegyessy Nyerges has a spa pre-heating system

29 Geothermal heating Geothermal heating is a direct use of a geothermal fluid below 100 Celsius degrees Many Hungarian cities - Csongrád, Hódmezővásárhely, Makó, Mórahalom, Nagyatád, Szeged, Szentes, Szigetvár, Vasvár - are using district heating Hódmezôvásárhely Geothermal cascade system - 8 production wells (water % is pumped back). Picture: Kurunczi&Aquaplus

30 Geothermal drilling Geothermal drilling rid.

31 Geothermal drilling rings Stainless steel tube Larch inside pipe (1870). Vilmos Zsigmondy ( ) 970 m drilling in Városliget (1878)

32 Geothermal electricity production Advantages Geothermal power does not rely on variable sources of energy (like solar and wind), therefore its capacity factor can be quite large (up to 96 %) Disadvantages Thermal efficiency of geothermal electric plants is low (around %)

33 Geothermal Power Plant Most geothermal power plants are built exclusively on the edges of tectonic plates High temperatures are available at the surface Naturally occurring water and rock porosity is sufficient to carry heat to the surface Geothermal Power Plant Nesjavellir (Iceland)

34 Geothermal Power Plant The development of the binary cycle power plants enable the establishment of enhanced geothermal systems 4.8 MW (gross) binary cycle power plant located near Empire, Nevada.

35 Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Soultz-sous-Forets (France) Electricity coming from m deep

36 Deep Geothermal Energy Soultz- Sous-Forets (France) EGS is a geothermal power technology that do not require NATURAL convective hydrothermal resources, 2012 RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13

37 EGS system for heat / power co-generation The vast majority of geothermal energy within drilling reach is in dry and non- porous rock. EGS technologies "enhance geothermal resources in this hot dry rock through hydraulic (pumping) stimulation. WHAT IS NEEDED? Extended - sufficiently permeable fracture network Suitable heat exchange surfaces. ~200 C

38 Soultz-Sous-Forets - Key data Soultz-sous-Forets EGS geothermal Power plant (France) The first European operating Enhanced Geothermal System Electric power is 1.5 MW Temperature of the thermal water is 160 o C Three deep plus two shallow wells The deep wells are m

39 EGS - How does it work?

40 Thank you for your attention