Architecture (1500-) Great buildings and architectural features.

Transcription

1 0220 At Baalbeck in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon the Romans constructed an incomplete acropolis that contained a Temple of Jupiter and a Temple of Bacchus Antwerp Cathedral was completed after 148 years of construction Donato Bramante began the Tempietto of S Pietro in Montorio, Rome Henry VII's chapel, the final stage of English gothic art, was begun in Westminster Abbey Bramante began to rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome, which had been neglected since the 14th century when the popes resided at Avignon. The project took 120 years to complete Andrea Palladio ( ), Italian Renaissance architect, was born Michelangelo began painting ( ) the Sistine Chapel in Rome Raphael at age 26 entered the service of Pope Julius II and was entrusted with the decoration of the new papal apartments In Lisbon, Portugal, the tile-bedecked church, Igreja de Madre de Deus, was built Giorgio Vasari ( ), Italian painter, architect and art historian, was born. He wrote 'Lives of the Artists' Chartres Cathedral, near Paris, was completed after almost 400 years of work. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 1

2 1513 The Palazzo Farnese, a large and magnificent palace in Rome, was designed by Antonio de Sangallo the younger and Michelangelo Hampton Court Palace was begun for Wolsey The Chateau of Chombard was begun in France, and would take 30 years to finish St. George's Chapel, Windsor, England, was completed after 46 years of work The Italian influenced medieval church at the Moscow Monastery of Peter the Metropolitan was constructed The Chateau de Chenonceaux in the Loire Valley of France was built for the royal tax collector, Thomas Bohier. It took eight years to construct Spanish architects established the style of 'Plateresque', as exemplified by the gateway of the University of Salamanca In Mexico the fortress of San Juan de Ulua was built on a coral reef in Vera Cruz. It was later estimated that half-million slaves died in the process Regensburg Cathedral, Germany, was completed after 259 years of work The Church of St. Basil was begun in Moscow on what is now known as Red Square The summer palace of Prague Castle, The Belvedere, was begun with a design derived from Brunelleschi's foundling hospital in Florence. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 2

3 1537 Jacopo Sansovino began building the famous Old Library of St. Mark's, Venice Sebastiano Serlio, architect at the palace of Fontainbleau, published the first of six volumes of his 'Trattato di Architettura' The Spanish built La Fortaleza overlooking the bay on the southwestern edge of San Juan, Puerto Rico Michelangelo began to redesign the Capitol in Rome ( ) In Vincenza, Italy, Palladio created a wide variety of palaces and public buildings Michelangelo designed the dome of St. Peter's in Rome Pierre Lescot, French architect, began the building of the Louvre in Paris. Francois I, needing more space for acquired works of art, started the construction of 2 new wings to the 12th century Louvre fortress Piro Ligorio designed the Villa d'este at Tivoli for the Cardinal d'este Ippolito II Palladio, Italian architect, designed the Villa Rotunda, Vincenza. It has four porticoes and symmetrical planning and is an example of his search for harmonious proportions. c In Moscow, Ivan the IV built a stone church to commemorate the triumph of Orthodoxy over Roman Catholicism, Islam and the Uniates, who sought to unite the Catholic and Orthodox churches. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 3

4 1550 Giorgio Vasari, Italian architect and painter, published his definitive 'Lives of the Artists', and founded the Fine Arts Academy in Florence ( ) Akbar the Great during his reign built a walled Mughal fort at Hund in northern Pakistan, that now encloses a modern village Westmunster Church in Middelburg destroyed by heavy storm The Escorial, an enormous palace built on a grid plan for Philip II, was begun in Madrid Giorgio Vasari's commission for the Uffizi Palace took shape in Florence The Basilica of St. Basil in Moscow was completed after 26 years of work William Turner published a survey of spas in Europe Palladio finished S. Giorgio Maggiore Church in Venice Akbar began the construction of the Lahore Fort in northern Pakistan Longleat House was begun. It shows the impetus of the Reformation on English domestic architecture The Metropolitan Cathedral was begun in Mexico City. It took 250 years to complete Abdij Church in Middelburg destroyed by fire. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 4

5 1570 The Convento de Penha was built on a 164-meter cliff overlooking Vitoria in the state of Espiritu Santo, Brazil In Carrara, Italy, Alberigo, son of the mad Marquis Alberigo Cybo Malaspina, Lord of Carrara, inaugurated the use of gunpowder for quarrying marble In Switzerland the hotel Crusch Alva in Zuoz in the Engadine dates back to this time Palladio published 'I Quattro Libri dell'architettura', a summary of classical architecture In Malta the Palace of the Grand Masters was begun Inigo Jones ( ), father of English classical architecture, was born ( ) In Malta the Cathedral of St. John was built Giorgio Vasari, completed Florence's Uffizi Palace after 14 years of building ( ) In Mexico the construction of La Immaculada Concepcion cathedral in Puebla The basilica of San Petronio was erected by Egnatio Danti, a mathematician and Dominican friar who worked for Cosimo I dei Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The structure included a solar observatory. Danti also advised Pope Gregory on calendar reform Longleat Estate, Wiltshire, England, originally an Augustinian priory, was completed as an Italianate mansion. Longleat was built by Robert Smythson. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 5

6 1580 Palladio, Italian Renaissance architect, died. He designed the Teatro Olimpico in Vincenza just before his death. It was completed by Vincenzo Scamozzi An obelisk that had been brought from Egypt to Rome by the emperor Caligula was erected at the Vatican The Lateran Church of St. John, Rome, was rebuilt on the orders of Pope Sixtus V, who succeeded the late Gregory XIII Adriaen de Vries left Florence for Milan where he began working on the high altar for the Escorial near Madrid Inigo Jones, English architect and theatrical designer, began building Cobham Hall in Kent. It was finished by the Adam brothers The Rialto Bridge in Venice was begun by the Italian architect, Antonio da Ponte Osaka Castle, Japan, whose foundation had been laid by Hideyoshi in 1583 was completed with the help of 30,000 workers Domenico Fontana, Italian architect and engineer, completed the Vatican library in Rome. He also completed the cupola and lantern of St. Peter's in Rome In France Henry IV proposed his 'Grande Dessein' to join the Louvre with the nearby Tuileries palace, which had been built under Catherine de Medici. c The Sao Paulo church in Macao was constructed by Portuguese colonists. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 6

7 1598 Nicolas Francois Mansart ( ), French architect, was born. The mansard roof is named after him The Takeda family, which controlled Hokkaido, changed its name to Matsumae, built a castle by that name and allied itself with Ieyasu Tokugawa, who was on the verge of establishing his Shogunate in Japan. c In France, the contractor Jean-Christophe Marie built bridges on the Seine to the Ile St. Louis and laid out lots on straight streets for sale In France Henry IV and his minister, Duc de Sully, decided to build a square over the former site of the Hotel Royal des Tournelles. The new square was named the Place Royale until the Revolution when it was renamed the Place des Vosges after the first administrative department, Les Vosges, that paid taxes Henry IV established a building code that set architectural themes and specified that pavilions had to owned by a single family Inigo Jones built an oak-paneled hall for Queen Elizabeth's ambassador to France. The room was later bought intact by William Randolph Hearst and shipped to New York. It was later purchased by the developer of the SF Cannery and shipped to SF. It was set up as the interior of Jack's In England Bess of Hardwick died at age 80. Know as the Dowager Countess of Shrewsbury, she built the Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire In France the Pavillon du Roi, begun under Henri IV, was completed. It was occupied by the king's court and then the Duc de Sully, after which it was called the Hotel de Sully. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 7

8 1613 Andre Le Notre ( ), French architect and landscape designer, was born. He shaped the gardens at Vaux-le-Vicomte, Versailles, Marly, Chantilly, Saint Germain-en-Laye, Les Tuileries, saint cloud, Sceaux and Courances In Spain the Plaza Mayor, a grand, arcaded square in Madrid, dates to this time. 18 Nov 1626 St. Peter's Cathedral, Rome, was dedicated ( ) In northern Pakistan Jahangir's mausoleum on the right bank of the Navi River in Lahore was built by his son Shah Jahan In Norway the stave church at Vaga was rebuilt by architect Werner Olsen. His design included a few fragments of the original building. c Inigo Jones built the portico of London's Old St. Paul's Cathedral Cardinal Richelieu ordered the construction of the Palais Royale in Paris, France. It was expanded by the Duke of Orleans, who in the 1800s gave it its present form by enclosing the garden on three sides with buildings filled with commercial shops and income-producing apartments In Mexico a city wall was built around Veracruz The Cathedral of Morelia, Mexico, 185 miles northwest of Mexico City, was begun. It was completed 100 years later and is considered to be Mexico's best example of Platersque architecture, an ornate style that resembles silverwork ( ) The English civil war severely damaged St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 8

9 c In China the later Zhengyici Theater in Beijing started as a temple in the late Ming period Jules Hardouin Mansart ( ), French architect, was born. He became the chief architectural director for Louis XIV In Barbados St. Nicholas Abbey was built as a plantation house in the Jacobean style In Bologna Domenico Cassini persuaded the builders of the Basilica of San Petronio that they should include a major upgrade of Danti's old meridian with a new entry hole for daylight to track the projected sun on the cathedral floor. Sassini was able to use the observatory to confirm Kepler's version of the Copernican theory In Cholula, Mexico, the chapel Nuestra de los Remedios was built atop a Teotihuacan pyramid A Baroque palace was built in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It later became a 400 student elementary school ( ) In Oman, the Nizwa Fort was built 100 miles southwest of Muscat. 21 Jun 1675 Work began to rebuild St Paul's Cathedral in London by Sir Christopher Wren, replacing the old building which had been destroyed by the Great fire ( ) In London, Old St. Paul's Cathedral was replaced with a new design by Sir Christopher Wren Christopher Wren redesigned the burned Church of St. Mary the Virgin in Aldermanbury, England. His monument at St. Paul's Cathedral in London reads: Si monumentum requires circumspice- If you seek his monument, look around you. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 9

10 1682 The rule of Peter I the Great began, until The original stone cathedral of the Monastery of the Epiphany in Moscow was built during this time. It was built over the remnants of an earlier wooden church. 26 Sep 1687 In Greece marauding Venetians sent a mortar through a gable window of the Parthenon and ignited a Turkish store of gunpowder. This damaged the northern collonade of the Parthenon In Puebla, Mexico, the ornate Capilla del Rosario, Chapel of the Rosary, was consecrated Benjamin Banneker with L'Enfant start to lay out Washington DC George Washington lays the cornerstone of the Executive Mansion (White House) The Louvre in Paris, opens London Bridge opens. 16 Oct 1834 The British Houses of Parliment are destroyed by fire The first US wire suspension bridge for general traffic opens in Pennsylvania The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton as the centerpiece of the first British Great Exhibition was opened The ground is first broken in the construction of the Suez Canal. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 10

11 1862 Westminster Bridge across Thames opens Work begins on the first US underwater highway tunnel in Chicago Royal Albert Hall foundation stone was laid by Queen Victoria The first ship passes through Suez Canal The construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. It was completed in The first New York City subway line opens. It was pneumaticly powered Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria in London The first cantilever bridge in the US is completed at Harrodsburg, Kentucky The North British Railway's train falls as Firth bridge collapses in Scotland Construction of Cologne Cathedral completed, 633 years after it began The Gotthard railway tunnel, between Switzerland and Italy, opens Ancient Egyptian obelisk 'Cleopatra's Needle' is erected in New York Central Park De Lesseps' Company begins work on the Panama Canal. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 11

12 1882 The St Gotthard railroad tunnel between Switzerland and Italy opens. 24 May 1883 The Brooklyn Bridge is opened by President Arthur and Governor Cleveland The International cantilever railway bridge opens at Niagara Falls The 6.2 mile Arlberg railroad tunnel is completed in Austria The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island, New York City The Washington Monument is dedicated in Washington DC The Statue of Liberty is dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. It is celebrated by the the first confetti (ticker tape) parade in New York City The Manchester Ship Canal was completed and opened to traffic. 18 Nov 1903 The US and Panama sign the Hay-Bunau-Varilla canal treaty giving the US exclusive canal rights in Panama Queen Wilhelmina opens Berlages Merchants bureau in Amsterdam The Williamsburg suspension bridge opens between Brooklyn and Manhattan Theodore Roosevelt, appoints a seven person committee to study the Panama Canal. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 12

13 1905 Italian King Victor Emmanuel and the Swiss President open the world's longest railroad tunnel (Simplon). It links Iselle in Italy with Brig in Switzerland Paramaribo-Dam railway opens in Suriname but is never used The London Underground opens the Bakeroo line (Baker Street to Waterloo Line) The first tunnel under the Hudson River, a railway tunnel, opens Workers start pouring concrete for the Panama Canal The Lötschberg tunnel in Switzerland (13,735 meter) completed The Gamboa Dam in Panama is blown up and the Atlantic and Pacific waters mix for the firts time proir to the opening of the Panama Canal The Panama Canal opens The cornerstone is laid for the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC US President Hoover authorizes building of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam) The Empire State Building opens in New York The world's highest structure (at that tine), the Empire State Building, opens. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 13

14 1960 Building of Aswan dam in Egypt, begins 1964 Plans for the World Trade Center, which is to be built in New York City, are announced Then tallest building, World Trade Center opens in NYC (110 stories). Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 14