702132/ European Architecture B. Roman Baroque

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1 702132/ European Architecture B Roman Baroque

2 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 Warning This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Melbourne pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. do not remove this notice

The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act.

3 some factors in the Baroque the cycle of taste: freedom from classical rigidity, and the enlarged vocabulary of Mannerism a return of public confidence and a boost in church activity and patronage the Counter-Reformation and the improvement of Rome

a return of public confidence and a boost in church activity

4 The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353 He held a long javelin of gold, with an iron tip which had a flame coming out of it. Suddenly, he pierced me to the inmost fibre of my being with it and it seemed to me that, as he drew it out, he dragged me with it; but I felt entirely consumed by the love of God. The pain was so great that it drew moans from me, even though the ecstasy that went with it was so great that I would not have had the pain withdrawn...

Suddenly, he pierced me to the inmost fibre of my being with it and it seemed to me that, as he drew it out, he dragged me with it;

5 THE TRANSITION:

6 Il Gesú, Rome, begun by G B da Vignola, c 1568, and completed to cornice level by the time of his death in 1573 Scala 9122

7 Il Gesú, plan Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1968 [1943]), p 233

8 Il Gesú: Vignola's façade design, c 1573; Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584 engraving by Mario Cartaro, in Giacomo de Rossi, Insignium Romae Templorum, 1684; Scala 9111

9 Il Gesú: Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584 Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), p 14

10 some Baroque characteristics 1. swagger 2. theatricality 3. light & shade 4. depth 5. unity 6. movement

11 Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, façade by Alberti,? Il Gesú, façade by Giacomo della Porta, completed 1584 MUAS 9861; Toman, p 14

12 PIETRO DA CORTONA

13 Palazzo Pitti, Florence, ceiling fresco, Sala di Marte, by Pietro da Cortona, MUAS 5,790

14 Palazzo Pitti, Sala di Giove, stuccoes by da Cortona, Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 91(B)

15 SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, Pru Sanderson

16 SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), pp 25, 24

17 Sta Maria della Pace, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, : front view Scala no 7340

18 Sta Maria della Pace: detail of upper façade Miles Lewis

19 Sta Maria della Pace plan of the church and piazza & contemporary view John Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo Architecture (New York 1986), pp 117, 116

20 Sta Maria della Pace: contemporary view Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo, p 116

21 Santa Maria della Pace, interior & dome Scala nos 9174, 9175

23 GIANLORENZO BERNINI

24 S Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, by Bernini, : plan & view Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119; Toman, Baroque, p 39

25 S Andrea al Quirinale: plan & section Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119 & pl 62(B)

26 Baldacchino of St Peter's, Rome, by Bernini, Scala no 9592

27 St Peter's as designed by Carlo Maderno after 1602 James Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's: the Story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (London 1967), p 240

28 St Peter's, Rome Maderno's design façade as built Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 240; Brian Lewis 1973

30 St Peter's, façade with Bernini's south tower (incomplete), Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 259

31 St Peter's, Bernini's design for freestanding towers, c 1650 Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1973], p 19

32 St Peter's, in the early C17th before the dismantling of Bernini's tower (on Maderno's base) and the construction of the forecourt MUAS 14,812

33 Papal medal of c 1657, showing Bernini's original scheme for enclosing the forecourt of St Peter's Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 270

34 St Peter's forecourt, schematic plan of the design shown in the papal medal, with the 'propylæum (modified from) Norman Davies, Europe (London 1997 [1996]), p 571

35 St Peter's forecourt, by Bernini, , from Piranesi's C18th engraving MUAS 16,361

36 St Peter's and the Vatican with Bernini s forecourt as executed (modified from) Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method (17th ed, London 1961 [1896]), p 721

37 St Peter's and the forecourt, from above anonymous

38 St Peter s forecourt, looking east Toman, Baroque, p 37

39 St Peter's forecourt, the colonnade: Scala

40 St Peter's: the statue of Constantine, by Bernini, ; view along the portico Scala 959 ; Pru Sanderson

41 Scala Regia, Vatican Palace, by Bernini, MUAS 5,818

42 Scala Regia: detailed plans Jeremy Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva in Italian Renaissance Architecture (Stocks-field [Northumberland] 1982), no page

43 Scala Regia Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 269; MUAS 17,354

44 The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, ; plan of the sanctuary William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353; Howard Hibbard, Bernini (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), pl 134

45 Cornaro Chapel, Sta Maria della Vittoria, Rome, by Bernini, anonymous painting in the Schwerin State Museum

46 FRANCESCO BORROMINI

47 Porta Santa, in the portico of St Peter's, Rome, by Maderno, carved by Borromini, Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 17

48 Palazzo Barberini, Rome, window by Borromini under Bernini, Blunt, Borromini, p 32

49 Monastery of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, from 1634, plan of whole Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 132

50 Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, by Borromini, : suggested geometrical basis of the plan Blunt, Borromini, p 48

51 San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: section & interior view Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 133.; Scala 9466 (1973)

52 a Roman tetraconch the Piazza d'oro of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, 124, reconstruction MUAS 13,933

53 S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: views of the dome Scala 9468 (1973); Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 38

54 S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane exterior of the lantern Scala 9470 (1973)

55 Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, engraving & view of the façade Blunt, Borromini, p 97; Margaret Monk, 1985

56 San Filippo Neri, reconstruction of Borromini s scheme for flanking S Maria in Vallicella (by Fausto Rughesi) with a 'Pamphilj Pantheon, 1644 T G Smith, Classical Architecture (Layton [Utah] 1988), p 30

57 Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, , fireplace in the Sala di Recreazione: elevation, and detail of the Doric frieze and tassels Weinreb, The Architect's Eye, p 16 Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 105

58 San Filippo Neri fireplace, general view Blunt, Borromini, p 104

59 San Filippo Neri fireplace, detail at the side Blunt, Borromini, p 42 reeding darts Roman columns, by G B Montano Blunt, Borromini, p 42

60 S Ivo della Sapienza, Rome, by Borromini, view & plan within the Archiginnasio complex Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 32; MUAS 5,782

61 S Ivo della Spienza plan & diagram of the geometry Opera del... Borromini (1720 Blunt, Borromini, p 115

62 S Ivo, plan, & detail of the bee Opera del... Borromini (1720)

63 S Ivo, cross-section & interior view MUAS 14,146; Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 69(B)

64 Insula of the Painted Vaults, Ostia, c AD 120: detail of the Severan painting of the dome William Macdonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire II (New Haven [Connecticut] 1986), p 234

65 S Ivo della Sapienza, view of dome Miles Lewis

66 S Ivo, view of dome Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 71

67 S Ivo, upper part; engraving of dome surface with steps Brian Lewis; Blunt, Borromini, p 42

68 S Ivo: view of dome and lantern; detail of the finial Pru Sanderson; Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 54

69 S Ivo: view of lantern and drum; plan of lantern Scott, 'S. Ivo alla Sapienza', p 302; Blunt, Borromini, p 40

70 Temple of Venus at Baalbek, c AD 273 Robert Wood, The Ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria (London 1757)

71 reconstruction of an ancient Roman building, from Montano G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri ( )

72 Scala Regia, Vatican, by Bernini, 1665: plan and section Palazzo Spada, Rome, colonnade by Borromini, MUAS 5,818; Pru Sanderson, 1985

73 Palazzo Spada colonnade Pru Sanderson; Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva, no page; Blunt, Borromini, p 45

74 reconstruction of an ancient building, by G B Montano G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri

75 S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, façade by Borromini, Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39

76 S Carlo: detail of the ground floor level Scala 9471

77 S Carlo close view of the façade. MUAS 6,280

78 S Carlo, upper part of the facade Brian Lewis

79 S Carlo, details: niche of c 1675, with a statue of S Charles Borromeo, by Antonio Raggi; a capital of the giant order of the façade, executed after 1667 Blunt, Borromini, p 78; Smith, Classical Architecture, p 13

80 S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, façade by Borromini, Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39

Baroque Architecture. Arch 225

Baroque Architecture. Arch 225 Baroque Architecture Arch 225 Baroque Architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in