INTRODUCERE DEMONSTRATIVĂ LECŢIE
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2 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ INTRODUCERE Pentru a progresa în carieră, este necesar să vorbeşti fluent o limbă străină! Imaginaţi-vă câte oportunităţi se vor deschide în faţa dumneavoastră când veţi putea trece în CV: limba engleză foarte bine! Continuaţi să urcaţi noi trepte spre succes alegând chiar astăzi cursul Eurocor Engleză Avansaţi. Sunteţi atât de aproape de a fi un bun vorbitor al limbii engleze... Ieşiţi în întâmpinarea succesului şi spuneţi welcome unei noi etape din viaţa dumneavoastră! Învăţaţi comod! Primiţi acasă, la cel mai apropiat oficiu poştal sau direct la birou pachetele de curs, pe care le parcurgeţi când vreţi! Studiaţi fără stres, în confortul propriului cămin, în weekenduri, după program, vara sau iarna... când şi unde doriţi! Învăţaţi prin ascultare! Pe lângă caietele de curs aveţi la dispoziţie CD-uri înregistrate cu vorbitori nativi. Acestea vă vor ajuta să dobândiţi o pronunţie excelentă! Puteţi asculta lectorii englezi în timp ce desfăşuraţi alte activităţi gătiţi, faceţi sport, vă plimbaţi, în pauza de masă, când sunteţi prinşi în trafic... când vreţi! Opţional, studiaţi şi cu ajutorul computerului! Aveţi la dispoziţie Dicţionarul Memoplus! Exerciţiile de memorare, testare şi autoevaluare din această aplicaţie pe calculator vă ajută să învăţaţi fără efort noile cuvinte. Memoraţi rapid sau vă reamintiţi peste 1000 de cuvinte. Este atât de simplu, ca un joc! Studiul devine o formă de relaxare! Vă veţi bucura de o atenţie deosebită! Beneficiaţi de sprijinul unui profesor personal, un specialist cu experienţă, care poate fi contactat prin corespondenţă poştală sau online. Perseverenţa este calea către vârful oricărei ierarhii! You deserve a better future! See you soon! Mult succes! LECŢIA DEMONSTRATIVĂ vă ajută să vă familiarizaţi cu materialele de studiu EUROCOR. Din punctul de vedere al numărului de pagini, aceasta reprezintă aproximativ jumătate din conţinutul unui caiet de curs. Vă prezentăm câteva secţiuni teoretice, exemple, exerciţii şi un model de temă, selectate din diverse lecţii, pentru a vedea exact cum sunt structurate caietele. Lectură plăcută! 2
3 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi STRUCTURA LECŢIILOR Studiul eficient al cursului nostru este garantat de structura unitară a celor 16 caiete. Informaţiile noi sunt prezentate într-un mod atractiv, iar procesul de învăţare devine simplu şi rapid! Caietele se parcurg uşor, într-un mod relaxat, datorită semnelor grafice special concepute pentru a marca diverse componente ale lecţiilor. Scenariile unor situaţii uzuale vă ajută să vă îmbogăţiţi uşor vocabularul. Vă autoverificaţi rapid cu ajutorul filtrului roşu. Textul scris cu roşu se acoperă cu filtrul din plastic, tot de culoare roşie. După rezolvarea exerciţiilor propuse, comparaţi rezultatele dvs. cu textul corect scris cu roşu în caietul de curs. Înregistrările cu vorbitori nativi disponibile pe CD-urile aferente ce însoţesc caietele de curs vă vor facilita învăţarea pronunţiei corecte. În plus faţă de caietele de curs, puteţi consulta şi Compendiul de gramatică. PRIMIREA CURSULUI La Eurocor, cursanţii aleg unde să primească pachetul de curs! Dumneavoastră ce alegeţi? 1. Acasă, la cutia poştală (Cutia poştală trebuie să aibă dimensiunile de minimum 22x30x1 cm.). 2. La serviciu. 3. La oficiul poştal de care aparţineţi (Adresa declarată la înscriere trebuie să fie cea din CONTUL DE CURSANT Fiecare cursant are propriul cont pe site-ul Aici găsiţi informaţii despre stadiul trimiterii pachetelor de curs sau plăţile efectuate şi înregistrate. Din contul de cursant se pot accesa şi aplicaţiile TemeOnline sau PlataOnline. ABSOLVIREA Odată cu expedierea ultimului pachet de curs, veţi primi şi testul de evaluare finală. Calificativele obţinute pot fi: foarte bine, bine şi insuficient (în funcţie de punctajul realizat). Odată promovat acest test, veţi obţine Certificatul de absolvire Eurocor. Opţional, după absolvirea acestui curs, puteţi participa la un scurt program de pregătire faţă-n faţă, de câteva zile, în urma căruia puteţi obţine Certificatul de absolvire emis împreună cu Ministerul Muncii şi Ministerul Educaţiei. Tradus şi apostilat, acesta este recunoscut în alte peste 60 de ţări, semnatare ale Convenţiei de la Haga. 3
4 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Programa cursului Engleză avansaţi Lec]iile 1-2 Anun] pentru angajare; scrisoare de inten]ie; curriculum vitae Gramatic\: Verbe [i expresii urmate de infinitive [i/sau gerund Lec]iile 3-4 Vacan]a de var\; accidente de ma[in\ Gramatic\: Cuvinte folosite gre[it; perechi de adjective care se termin\ cu sufixele -ic/ -cal; cuvinte [i expresii polisemantice Lec]iile Animale; s\n\tate Gramatic\: Construc]ii cu there [i construc]ii cu it; expresii cu tell [i say Lec]iile Mediul `nconjur\tor, omul [i natura Gramatic\: Expresii cu speak [i talk Lec]iile 5-6 Violen]a la televizor, un argument contra televiziunii Gramatic\: Expresii cu do, make, have; formele de plural neregulat ale substantivelor de origine str\in\ Lec]iile 7-8 O aventur\ neobi[nuit\; lec]ia de conducere auto; cump\r\turi; circula]ia rutier\ Gramatic\: Construc]ia: verb modal + have + past participle; adverbe formate cu sufixele: -ward(s), -ways/-wise; adjective formate cu sufixul -ly Lec]iile La doctor; boli [i medicamente Gramatic\: Adjective formate cu sufixul -ly [i forme similare de adjective [i adverbe (e.g. hot/hotly), expresii cu matter Lec]iile Un meci de fotbal; locuin]e de `nchiriat Gramatic\: Modul subjonctiv, forme similare ale verbului [i ale substantivului Lec]iile 9-10 La teatru; un incident straniu Gramatic\: Phrasal Verbs, utilizarea lui get, a expresiilor there is/are [i a verbului to be; there urmat de un verb modal [i be Lec]iile Vecini; cump\rarea unei case; o excursie la munte Gramatic\: Prepozi]iile at, below, beyond, by `n diferite expresii; construc]ia: prepozi]ie + (a/ the) + substantiv + prepozi]ie 4
5 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Lec]iile Ma[ina; arta modern\; literatura contemporan\ Gramatic\: Inversiunea; it ca subiect [i complement anticipativ; split infinitive Lec]iile Conferin]\ la vârf; terorism; [omaj Gramatic\: Will/won t and would/ wouldn t; diferen]ele dintre used to [i would, expresii cu with Lec]iile Petrecere; opinii despre oameni; politic\ [i politicieni Gramatic\: Future Continuous Tense; Future Perfect Tense; shall folosirea `n situa]ii speciale Lec]iile Na[terea; activit\]i casnice; [coala Gramatic\: Diferen]e `ntre engleza britanic\ [i engleza american\ Lec]iile O c\l\torie lung\; o c\l\torie cu avionul Gramatic\: Expresii cu in [i on; forma de plural a substantivelor compuse Lec]iile Interviu cu un milionar; `n c\utarea unui loc de munc\; copiii Gramatic\: Recapitularea celor mai importante probleme de gramatic\ 5
6 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Cuvintele şi expresiile noi au fost marcate special. N În cadrul primului caiet de lec]ii vom introduce vocabularul care v\ va permite s\ scrie]i un curriculum vitae [i o scrisoare de inten]ie în limba englez\. Citi]i cu voce tare primul grup de cuvinte noi [i re]ine]i traducerea în limba român\. Particula to din infinitivul verbelor va fi omis\ în transcrierea fonetic\: City Council > [ĘsItI Ękaänsęl] Consiliul Municipal, Prim\rie to seek > [si:k] a c\uta resourceful > [rięzé:sfęl] ingenios, descurc\re]; cu ini]iativ\ degree > [dięgri:] grad, titlu academic master s degree > [Ęma:stęz dięgri:] titlu de master doctor s degree > [Ędéktęz dđęgri:] titlu de doctor; (or doctorate) [Ędéktęręt] doctorat preferably > [Ęprefęręblđ] preferabil willing > [Ęwđlđő] dispus (s\...), gata (s\...), dornic to take on > [teđk én] a-[i asuma, a prelua challenging > [ĘtĆ lęndąđő] interesant; competitiv, solicitant, complex task > [ta:sk] sarcin\, îndatorire, misiune to launch > [lé:ntć] a lansa to provide > [pręęvađd] a furniza, a asigura Acum vom folosi noile cuvinte în propozi]ii. Citi]i-le cu voce tare, urm\ rind traducerea lor în limba român\: City Council meetings are held every second week. The company is seeking commercial travellers. I would never think he s such a resourceful man. He has a university degree. I have a master s degree. Which of them has a doctor s degree? {edin]ele Consiliului Municipal au loc o dat\ la dou\ s\pt\mâni. Compania caut\ comis voiajori. N-a[ crede c\ este atât de ingenios. El este licen]iat. Am titlul de master. Care dintre ei are doctoratul? 1 (selecţie din Lecţia 17, pagina 1) 6
7 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi NOUL SISTEM DE TRANSCRIERE FONETIC Veţi găsi prezentat sistemul internaţional de transcriere fonetică. În cadrul cursului pentru avansa]i vom introduce sistemul interna]ional de transcriere fonetic\. Aceasta v\ va permite s\ înv\]a]i pronun]ia exact\ a fiec\rui cuvânt nou. Deoarece aceast\ modalitate de transcriere fonetic\ este folosit\ în majoritatea dic]ionarelor englez-român sau dic]ionarele explicative originale, cunoa[terea ei v\ va înlesni folosirea eficient\ a acestora. Pentru a v\ facilita asimilarea noilor simboluri fonetice, le vom prezenta în paralel cu cele folosite de noi în cadrul cursului pentru încep\tori [i în cel pentru nivel mediu, de asemenea. V\ vom furniza [i o scurt\ descriere a pronun]iei fiec\rui sunet reprezentat de simbolul fonetic corespunz\tor. Sistemul EUROCOR Sistemul interna]ional Vocale: [a] [bas] [ç] a scurt bus [bçs] [a:] [ba: r ] [a:] a lung bar [ba:] [E] [trefik] [ ] un sunet care rezult\ traffic [Ętr fđk] din combina]ia sunetelor din limba român\ e [i a [e] [get] [e] e scurt (se pronun]\ ca e get [get] din limba român\) [\], [-] [hep\n], [hepn] [ę] se pronun]\ ca vocala din happen [Ęh p(ę)n] limba român\ \, dar este mult mai scurt (se poate omite în pronun]ie) [\ r ], [\:] [f\: r st] [ę:] ę lung (fiindc\ r nu se first [fę:st] pronun]\ sau se pronun]\ slab, vocala devine lung\) [i] [in] [I] i scurt in [In] [o] [klok] [é] o deschis (deschidem gura clock [klék] ca [i cum am vrea s\ pronun]\m a [i pronun]\m o) [o:] [do: r ] [é:] o deschis lung (nepronun]area door [dé:] lui r din cuvântul scris produce lungirea vocalei) [u] [luk] [ä] u scurt din limba român\ look [läk] [u:] [sku:l] [u:] u lung school [sku:l] 4 (selecţie din Lecţia 1, pagina 4) 7
8 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Iat\ prima parte a textului despre violen]a la televizor. S\ `ncerc\m s\ `n]elegem `ntregul text `nainte de a-i citi traducerea: Cuvintele noi sunt folosite în texte şi dialoguri sugestive. Violence on television (part one) It is generally accepted that violence on television can harm children psychologically. It is also conceded that violence is offensive to most adults to some degree and therefore must be duly controlled. But until recently there has been little willingness to acknowledge the most powerful reason for concern: the fact that violence on the screen may encourage real violence. Some television producers claim that in certain particular cases where crimes of violence were said to have been a reaction to fictional violence, no such direct relationship existed or was provable. However, concern about social effects of television violence rests on the fact that realistic simulations of ferocius violence made possible by the use of film turn the viewer into a witness of, and an accomplice to, acts which in real life are never likely to be seen. 5 (selecţie din Lecţia 5, pagina 5) 8
9 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Cuvintele [i expresiile pe care tocmai le-a]i înv\]at vor fi folosite în cadrul unui curriculum vitae: Curriculum Vitae Personal details Name: John Brown Date of birth: 20 March 1967 Address: 20 Princess Street Northampton BH1 1DW Textele şi dialogurile în care sunt introduse cuvintele noi prezintă situaţii din viaţa de zi cu zi. Marital Status: Married Telephone: (052) Education: Cambridge University: awarded a master s degree in Social Science July 1991 Experience: Worked in a school for handicapped children of all ages (Paris). Made major contributions to the organization and the development of the school. Supervised the raising of money for children in need. Maintained close relations with other schools of this type present Voluntary social worker at local schools in Northampton. In charge of informal groups involved in voluntary social work. Additional: Travelled in France. Fluent in French, with a working knowledge of Italian. Interested in parachuting and hang-gliding. Special qualifications: Currently conducting research related to my dissertation. 30 (selecţie din Lecţia 2, pagina 30) 9
10 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ V\ prezent\m primul dialog. Ann [i Tom merg la teatru [i `[i `mp\rt\[esc impresiile despre pies\. Citi]i cu aten]ie: Ann and Tom are going to the theatre A: I m sorry I ve kept you waiting. T: It s OK. A: What are we doing tonight? T: I ve got two tickets for the National Theatre. A: That s lovely. I thought all the tickets had been sold out. How did you get them? T: I got them from my brother who is ill. A: I see. T: Let s rush then. The performance starts in fifteen minutes. And there s a long way to go. Do you mind if we take a taxi? A: Not at all. *** T: Did you enjoy the play? A: Enormously. I think the performance was brilliant. The act was superb. What about you? T: I thought the play would be better. The acts could have been shorter. They were lengthy and boring. A: You re quite right. We spent nearly four hours watching all the five acts. But I was so interested in the plot that I paid no attention to the duration of the performance. T: There s one more thing I m not happy about. The plot was so complicated that I couldn t follow it. Moreover, there were so many unclear passages. All in all, I didn t get the gist of the play. A: To some degree I agree with you, although the play is comprehensible to a more sophisticated audience. T: Perhaps you re right. Now, what about a nice cup of coffee? A: I d love one. 4 (selecţie din Lecţia 9, pagina 4) 10
11 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi În aceast\ parte a lec]iei vom prezenta diferen]a dintre verbele tell [i say; vom introduce [i o serie de expresii cu verbul tell. TELL a spune, a zice (ceva, cuiva), a vorbi Regulile gramaticale noi sau de pronunţie sunt marcate printr-un semn special. Acest verb poate fi urmat de unul sau dou\ complemente, dintre care unul se refer\ de obicei la o persoan\: He told us about his adventures. He told (us) a funny story. They told me to leave. El ne-a vorbit despre aventurile lui. El (ne-)a spus o poveste amuzant\. Ei mi-au spus s\ plec. În propozi]iile anterioare cuvintele me, us au func]ia de complement indirect, iar his adventure, a funny story au func]ia de complement direct. SAY a spune (ceva), a zice Complementul indirect nu poate urma imediat dup\ acest verb: She said, I m sorry. She said (that) she was sorry. I didn t hear what she had said. What did he say about it? Ea a spus: ~mi pare r\u. Ea a spus c\-i pare r\u. Nu am auzit ce spusese ea. Ce a spus el despre asta? Cele dou\ verbe trebuie folosite corect în vorbirea indirect\: 1. tell nu poate fi urmat direct de that, ci de complementul indirect. He told me that he was stupid. He told that he was stupid. exprimare corect\ exprimare incorect\ 2. tell nu se poate folosi pentru a reda spusele cuiva. He told, I am stupid. exprimare incorect\ 3. say poate fi folosit atât în vorbirea direct\, cât [i în vorbirea indirect\, dar nu poate fi urmat direct de complementul indirect: He said, I am sorry. He said to me that he was sorry. exprimare corect\ exprimare corect\ He said me, I am sorry. He said me that he was sorry. exprimare incorect\ exprimare incorect\ 16 (selecţie din Lecţia 11, pagina 16) 11
12 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Cuvântul there poate fi, de asemenea, folosit `n combina]ie cu verbele modale: Vă veţi familiariza cu particularităţile limbii engleze, semnalate printr-un simbol distinct. Exemple: there + verb modal + be there + verb modal + have been (cu referire la trecut) There must be a reason why he signed. There may have been about a hundred people there. Trebuie s\ existe un motiv pentru care a semnat. Se poate s\ fi fost aproape o sut\ de persoane acolo. Atunci când form\m interogativul, invers\m ordinea subiectului cu verbul modal: Must there be a reason why he signed? S\ existe un motiv anume pentru care a semnat? May there have been about a hundred people S\ fi fost oare vreo sut\ de oameni acolo? there? Traduce]i urm\toarele propozi]ii `n limba englez\: Trebuie s\ fi fost cel pu]in cinci atacatori. Trebuie s\ existe o cale de ie[ire. > There must have been at least five assailants. > There must be a way out. ~n camer\ se afl\ un [ofer. > There s a driver in the room. Va fi z\pad\ iarna aceasta? Câ]i oameni vor fi la conferin]\? Nu sunt scaune `n camer\. Ar trebui s\ fie un dic]ionar aici. E vreun tren spre Bucure[ti la acest peron? E o scrisoare pentru tine. Este posibil s\ fi fost aproape zece gre[eli `n eseul s\u. > Will there be any snow this winter? > How many people will there be at the conference? > In this room there are no chairs. > There should be a dictionary here. > Is there a train to Bucharest at this platform? > There is a letter for you. > There may have been about ten errors in his essay. 30 (selecţie din Lecţia 10, pagina 30) 12
13 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Traduce]i propozi]iile din text `n limba român\: Vă autoevaluaţi rapid rezolvând diverse exerciţii şi verificându-vă cu filtrul roşu. Throughout our planet Earth, the danger of irreversible destruction due to human activity threatens our future. Not only are the seas in peril, but so are the mountains, from which the lifegiving water we need for our existence flows. Many old people have personal memories of the harm done in their countries by unchecked and heedless deforestation. A few years ago mankind became alarmed by the interlinked problems of deforestation and soil erosion. > Pe tot curpinsul planetei P\mânt, pericolul distrugerii ireversibile, cauzat de activit\]ile oamenilor ne amenin]\ viitorul. > Nu numai m\rile sunt `n pericol, ci [i mun]ii, din care curge apa d\t\toare de via]\ de care avem nevoie pentru existen]a noastr\. > Mul]i oameni `n vârst\ au amintiri personale despre r\ul f\cut `n ]\rile lor de desp\duririle neglijente [i necontrolate. > Acum câ]iva ani, omenirea a `nceput s\ se alarmeze din cauza interdependen]ei dintre problemele create de desp\durire [i eroziunea solului. Traduce]i `n limba englez\ expresiile [i propozi]iile selectate din text: pe tot cuprinsul planetei pericolul distrugerii ireversibile datorit\ activit\]ii umane apa d\t\toare de via]\ a avea amintiri personale (despre) desp\durire necontrolat\ [i neglijent\ probleme `n rela]ie de interdependen]\ a deveni alarmat de eroziunea solului M\rile sunt `n pericol. > throughout our planet > the danger of irreversible destruction > due to human activity > lifegiving water > to have personal memories (of) > unchecked and heedless deforestation > interlinked problems > to become alarmed by > soil erosion > The seas are in peril. ~n partea de gramatic\ vom prezenta verbul to speak [i câteva expresii `n care apare. Echivalentele `n român\ sunt: a vorbi, a spune, a rosti, a sta de vorb\, a conversa speak of = speak about a vorbi (despre ceva) Re]ine]i c\ speak of este mai oficial. Verbul a vorbi cu are dou\ echivalente `n englez\: speak to = speak with a vorbi cu (cineva) Speak to este mai ales folosit `n engleza britanic\, iar speak with `n engleza american\. 5 (selecţie din Lecţia 13, pagina 5) 13
14 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Traduce]i `n limba român\ propozi]iile selectate: You look distracted. Did Chappy chase our neighbours cat around their garden again? He always sneaks in when they leave the gate unlocked. But the neighbour doesn t seem to share your opinion. Today he waved his walking stick, yelling: I ll sue you and your wife! > Pari sup\rat. > Iar a fug\rit-o Chappy pe pisica vecinilor prin gr\dina lor? > ~ntotdeauna se furi[eaz\ `n gr\din\ când (ei) las\ poarta descuiat\. > Dar vecinul nu pare s\ fie de aceea[i p\rere cu tine. > Ast\zi ne amenin]a cu bastonul, ]ipând: Am s\ te dau `n judecat\, pe tine [i pe so]ia ta. Exerciţiile de traducere vă ajută să aprofundaţi materia parcursă anterior. Our Chappy has caused havoc in their garden, > Chappy al nostru le-a devastat gr\dina, care and now it looks like a heap of weeds. acum arat\ ca un morman de buruieni. But it has always looked weedy. He has never hoed or raked his garden. She seems to be quite a sensible person. > Dar `ntotdeauna a fost plin\ de buruieni. > Niciodat\ nu [i-a s\pat sau greblat gr\dina. > Ea pare s\ fie o persoan\ foarte `n]eleapt\. She sorted out the squabble between him and me. > Ea a rezolvat cearta dintre mine [i el. R\spunde]i la urm\toarele `ntreb\ri referitoare la dialogul anterior: What does Tom look like? When does Chappy sneak in the neighbours garden? What does he do when he is driven by his natural instinct? What did the neighbour do and say today? What does the neighbour claim? Has any grass ever grown there? What is the neighbour s wife like? What did she do today? > He looks distracted. > He always sneaks in when the neighbours leave the gate unlocked. > Driven by his natural instinct, he runs after the neighbours cat. > Today he waved his walking stick, yelling he would sue Tom and his wife. > He claims that since they moved in here last year, Chappy has caused havoc in his garden, and now it looks like a heap of weeds. > No grass has ever grown there. > She seems to be quite a sensible person. > She sorted out the squabble between him and Tom. 6 (selecţie din Lecţia 19, pagina 6) 14
15 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Adults neglect their duties because of television. When family watch television, they do not talk with each other, they do not exchange the news of the day because television demands absolute silence. Moreover, the quality of some programmes is very low. Viewers are often exposed to rubbishy cartoons, films, shows, commercials, or violence. In conclusion, one can say that television is a method of conveying words and pictures but it can also prevent people from communicating with each other. > Adul]ii `[i neglijeaz\ obliga]iile din cauza televiziunii. > Când se uit\ la televizor, membrii familiei nu vorbesc `ntre ei, nu comenteaz\ [tirile zilei, deoarece pentru a urm\ri programele de televiziune e nevoie de o lini[te absolut\. > ~n plus, calitatea unor programe este foarte `ndoielnic\. > Telespectatorii sunt adesea expu[i la vizionarea de desene animate, filme, spectacole, reclame stupide sau la violen]\. > ~n concluzie, se poate spune c\ televiziunea este o metod\ de a transmite cuvinte [i imagini... > dar poate `n egal\ m\sur\ s\ `mpiedice oamenii s\ comunice unul cu cel\lalt. Vom verifica acum dac\ a]i re]inut noile cuvinte. Completa]i propozi]iile urm\toare: Reţineţi uşor noile cuvinte cu ajutorul exerciţiilor de recapitulare a vocabularului. Televiziunea este unul din cele mai populare mijloace de comunicare `n mas\. Televiziunea atrage atât telespectatori cultiva]i, cât [i analfabe]i. Unii oameni afirm\ c\ televiziunea este d\un\toare. Ei o numesc monstrul cu un singur ochi. Ea ocup\ o bun\ parte din timpul nostru liber. Copiii sunt dependen]i de televiziune. Telespectatorii sunt adesea expu[i la reclame de proast\ calitate. Television is one of the most popular > mass media. Television > appeals to literate and illiterate viewers. Some people claim that television is > detrimental. They call it a one-eyed > monster. It occupies a good deal of our > spare time. Children are > addicted to the telly. Viewers are often > exposed to rubbishy commercials. ~n concluzie, se poate spune c\ > In conclusion, one can say that television televiziunea este un mijloc de a transmite is a method of > conveying words and cuvinte [i imagini. pictures. 29 (selecţie din Lecţia 6, pagina 29) 15
16 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Traduce]i acum propozi]iile `n limba englez\ folosind cuvintele [i expresiile introduse `n aceast\ parte a lec]iei: Nu prea cred c\ ei nu o pot scoate la cap\t. Când a[ putea s\ strâng tablourile? Acum câ]i ani l-a p\r\sit? > I hardly believe they can t make both ends meet. > When could I collect the pictures? > How many years ago did she walk out on him? Nu-mi place s\ c\l\toresc `n sezonul de vârf. > I don t like travelling at the height of the season. Nu m\ urc `n copac pentru c\ mi-e fric\ de `n\l]ime. Iar nu mai ai bani! De data asta nu-]i mai `mprumut niciun leu! Acum ne putem permite s\ cump\r\m o cas\ nou\. A]i rezervat o camer\ la acel hotel? Este un pre] extra-sezon, deci ve]i pl\ti mai pu]in. Ca inginer constructor ar trebui s\ câ[tigi de cel pu]in dou\ ori mai mult decât mine. > I won t climb up that tree because I m afraid of heights. > You re short of money again! This time I won t lend you a penny. > We can now afford to buy a new house. > Did you book a room in that hotel? > This is an off-season price, so you ll pay less. > As a civil engineer you should earn at least twice as much as I do. Grafica amuzantă destinde atmosfera în timpul studiului. 9 (selecţie din Lecţia 3, pagina 9) 16
17 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Aveţi la dispoziţie liste cu expresii specifice limbii engleze britanice, dar şi americane, formate cu ajutorul unui anumit cuvânt. BY bit by bit month by month one by one by and large by birth by chance by cheque by day/by night by ear by heart by hook or by crook by land/sea/air by leaps and bounds by no means by nature by profession by radio by the skin of one s teeth stage by stage to be taken by surprise by trade by weight pu]in câte pu]in, `ncetul cu `ncetul lun\ de lun\, lunar unul câte unul `n linii mari prin na[tere `ntâmpl\tor prin cec (despre pl\]i) ziua/noaptea dup\ ureche pe de rost prin orice mijloace, mort copt terestru/pe ap\/pe calea aerului rapid, cu pa[i repezi `n niciun caz din fire de profesie prin radio, pe calea undelor cu chiu cu vai, cu mare greutate pas cu pas a fi luat prin surprindere de meserie la kilogram by the dozen la duzin\ 17 (selecţie din Lecţia 19, pagina 17) 17
18 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Recapitulările prezintă pe scurt aspectele cele mai importante din fiecare lecţie. RECAPITULAREA LEC}IEI The Future Past Tense se folose[te pentru a exprima ac]iuni încheiate pân\ la un anumit moment din viitor. Este folosit adesea cu verbe care sugereaz\ finalitatea: build, complete, finish [i cu prepozi]ii precum by, not till/until + un adverb de timp. Mai poate ap\rea cu verbe ca: believe, expect, hope, suppose. Se mai poate folosi [i verbul to be când acesta exprim\ durata unei anumite st\ri. I ll have finished the work by tomorrow. Voi fi terminat treaba pân\ mâine. Next Saturday they ll have been married Sâmb\ta viitoare vor avea zece ani for ten years. de la c\s\torie. I expect the research will have been completed by next Monday. M\ a[tept ca cercet\rile s\ fie `ncheiate pân\ lunea viitoare. Aspectul continuu al acestui timp exprim\ durata unei ac]iuni sau a unei st\ri pân\ la un moment bine determinat: Next week I will have been working here S\pt\mâna viitoare voi fi lucrat aici for two years. de doi ani Shall se folose[te la persoanele a doua [i a treia pentru a exprima: 1. promisiuni sau amenin]\ri rezultate în urma unor anumite împrejur\ri sau ca decizie a unei persoane: You shall be punished. You shall get a present. Vei fi pedepsit. Vei primi un cadou. În unele dintre aceste cazuri shall poate fi înlocuit prin alte forme: a. forma ll: You ll be punished. You ll get a present. Vei fi pedepsit. Vei primi un cadou. b. forma to be going to (la toate persoanele) care exprim\ ideea c\ ac]iunea care urmeaz\ s\ se desf\[oare `n viitor se va produce `n mod inevitabil, fiind bazat\ pe evenimente [i informa]ii prezente: Look at the clouds it s going to rain. Prive[te norii o s\ plou\. You re going to be punished. O s\ fii pedepsit. 2. afirma]ii [i declara]ii formale legate de probleme juridice (cel mai frecvent la persoana a treia): No one shall be allowed in if he or she is under age. Accesul va fi interzis tuturor minorilor. 40 (selecţie din Lecţia 28, pagina 40) 18
19 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Aveţi la dispoziţie şi o secţiune de vocabular, ce sintetizează cuvintele folosite în cele 2 lecţii ale unui caiet. VOCABULARUL LEC}IILOR 19 {I 20 aristocrat > [Êÿrðstêkrÿt] aristocrat barbecue > [Êbï:bðkju:] gr\tar `n aer liber, petrecere `n aer liber la care se serve[te carne fript\ la gr\tar to chase > [tæeðs] a urm\ri, a vâna, a fugi dup\, a fug\ri cottage > [Êkétðd¹] cas\ (la ]ar\), c\su]\ distracted > [dðêstrÿktðd] confuz, derutat, z\p\cit dormitory > [Êdé:mêtrð] dormitor; c\min studen]esc dreary > [Êdrðêrð] trist, deprimant, sumbru to foreclose (on) > [fé:êklêäz] a lua cuiva dreptul de a-[i r\scump\ra ipoteca to go without > [gêä wðδêaät] a se lipsi de, a se descurca f\r\ havoc > [Êhÿvêk] distrugere, devastare, ruin\ heap > [hi:p] gr\mad\ (mare), morman to hike > [haðk] a face c\l\torii lungi (cu pasul), a hoin\ri to hoe > [hêä] a s\pa, a plivi homeless > [Êhêämlês] persoan\ f\r\ locuin]\ to hump > [hçmp] a c\ra `n spate if the worst comes to > [ðf δê wê:st kçmz tê `ntr-un caz extrem, the worst δê wê:st] `n ultim\ instan]\ to let down > [let daän] a dezam\gi to loathe > [lêäδ] a ur`, a detesta, a-i repugna malicious > [mêêlðæês] r\ut\cios, mali]ios mortgage > [Êmé:gðd¹] ipotec\; `mprumut imobiliar outlook > [Êaätläk] prognoza meteo to pay off > [peð éf] a restitui, a achita, a rambursa to rake > [reðk] a grebla, a da cu grebla to redecorate > [ri:êdekêreðt] a reamenaja rubber boots > [Êrçbê bu:ts] cizme de cauciuc (selecţie din Lecţia 20, pagina 38) 19
20 Engleză avansaţi LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Temele pentru acasă, pe care le găsiţi în caietele de curs, vă ajută să vă fixaţi cunoştinţele. TEMA PENTRU ACAS 20 A. Traduce]i urm\toarele propozi]ii `n limba român\: 1. I detest talking to him because he is always arguing for the sake of arguing. 2. Do you want us to work separately or in conjunction? 3. In the event of local military conflicts our lives will be in peril. 4. I have no doubts that this analysis should not be applied in reference to such a big group of people. 5. If you happen to have some time to spare, please trim the grass in the garden. 6. Did he say we should take two changes of thermal underwear? B. Traduce]i urm\toarele propozi]ii `n limba englez\: 1. ~n virtutea faptului c\ era str\in, nimeni nu `l credea [i nimeni nu voia s\ `l ajute. 2. De dragul p\rin]ilor mei nu vreau s\ m\ contrazic cu el. 3. ~n urma incendiului, mul]i oameni [i-au pierdut locuin]ele. 4. Pe baza a ceea ce ni s-a spus am ajuns la concluzia c\ el nu poate fi responsabilul proiectului nostru. 5. ~ntotdeauna te po]i baza pe el. Nu a dezam\git niciodat\ pe nimeni. 6. Ei au stat toat\ ziua f\r\ ap\. C. Alege]i r\spunsul corect: 1. It wasn t in accordance our law. a. to b. with 2. I am in complete agreement my parents. a. with b. of 3. They are peril of losing their jobs. a. in b. at 4. She did it in obedience our wishes. a. to b. of 5. He spoke behalf of the committee. a. in b. on 37 (selecţie din Lecţia 20, pagina 37) 20
21 LECŢIE DEMONSTRATIVĂ Engleză avansaţi Temele se pot rezolva pe formularele speciale inserate în caiet (dacă se trimit spre corectare prin poştă) sau online, în contul de cursant de pe site-ul Un profesor personal vă îndrumă pe toată durata studiului. EXEMPLU Continuaţi să vă perfecţionaţi! Veţi descoperi noi sensuri ale limbii engleze. Cunoaşterea aprofundată a acesteia vă va permite să acumulaţi informaţii de ultimă oră din domenii variate, să vă descurcaţi în situaţii complexe şi să obţineţi mai uşor succesul dorit. Cu siguranţă veţi avansa în carieră şi veţi avea numeroase împliniri, pe toate planurile! Începeţi chiar astăzi cursul Eurocor ENGLEZĂ AVANSAŢI! Spor la studiu! Tel ; 21
22
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