Name: Date: Team: Lab Experiment # 3. Focused Grid Positioning Errors. Computed Radiography and Direct Digital Radiography
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1 Name: Date: Team: Lab Experiment # 3 Focused Grid Positioning Errors Computed Radiography and Direct Digital Radiography Purpose This experiment is designed to demonstrate the effect of off-level error, off-center error, offfocus error, and upside-down error on grid cutoff; as well as, how each affects radiographic brightness, visibility of detail, and radiographic quality. Learning Objectives After completing this lab, you should be able to: 1. Use the laboratory equipment properly. 2. Set up the control console and ceiling tube mount correctly. 3. Function effectively in group work. 4. Perform the experiment independently. 5. Evaluate the effects of grid positioning on radiographic density. 6. Describe the relationship between grid positioning and visibility of detail. 7. Summarize the grid positioning error s relationships to radiographic quality. 8. Predict the effect of changes in grid position on radiographic density and radiographic quality. Materials Needed Five 14 x 17 inch 200 RS analog image receptors Five 14 x 17 inch computed radiography (CR) image receptors Focused grid (12:1 grid ratio, inch focal range) Knee phantom Set of lead numbers Lead rubber sheets RS2: Page 1 Lab 3
2 Experimental Procedure 1 Computed Radiography (CR) Procedure (Knee AP technique) Only exposures 1 thru 10 use CR image receptors. Instructions for Exposure 2 1. Place a 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Cover the image receptor with a 14 x 17 inch focused grid that has a inch focal range. 3. Align the grid s lead strips so they are parallel to the table s long axis (lengthwise). 4. Place the knee phantom on top of the grid, in the AP position. 5. Tape the appropriate lead markers onto the image receptor. (The room, side and exposure number should be labeled on all radiographs.) 6. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 7. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at 40 SID. 8. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest.. 9. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 2 Lab 3
3 Instructions for Exposure 3 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee and focused grid in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray 21º cephalic to the center of the grid. 4. Use a tape measure to verify the SID needed to compensate for the central ray angle. 5. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 6. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. (Rule of Thumb: To maintain the correct SID, the distance from the x-ray tube to the tabletop must be reduced by 1 inch for every 7 degrees of angulation. Use a tape measure to verify the change in SID. Instructions for Exposure 4 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee and focused grid in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray 30º transverse to the center of the grid. 4. Use a tape measure to verify the SID needed to compensate for the central ray angle. 5. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 6. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. (Rule of Thumb: To maintain the correct SID, the distance from the x-ray tube to the tabletop must be reduced by 1 inch for every 7 degrees of angulation. Use a tape measure to verify the change in SID. RS2: Page 3 Lab 3
4 RS2: Page 4 Lab 3
5 Instructions for Exposure 5 7. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop crosswise. 8. Align the grid s lead strips so they are perpendicular to the table s long axis (crosswise). 9. Direct the central ray 30º transverse to the center of the grid. 10. Use a tape measure to verify the SID needed to compensate for the central ray angle. 11. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 12. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. (Rule of Thumb: To maintain the correct SID, the distance from the x-ray tube to the tabletop must be reduced by 1 inch for every 7 degrees of angulation. Use a tape measure to verify the change insid RS2: Page 5 Lab 3
6 Instructions for Exposure 6 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Set up the pixie and focused grid in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the RIGHT EDGE (5 off the center) of the grid at 40 SID. 4. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 5. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 6 Lab 3
7 Instructions for Exposure 7 1. Place a 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Cover the image receptor with a 14 x 17 inch focused cap grid that has a inch focal range. 3. Place the grid so the side marked TUBE SIDE is not facing the tube; the grid must be upside down. 4. Align the grid s lead strips so they are parallel to the table s long axis (lengthwise). 5. Place the kneeon top of the grid, in the AP position. 6. Tape the appropriate lead markers onto the image receptor. (The room, side and exposure number should be labeled on all radiographs.) 7. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 8. Direct the central ray perpendicular through the center of the grid at 40 SID. 9. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 10. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 7 Lab 3
8 Instructions for Exposure 8 1. Place a 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 2. Cover the image receptor with a 14 x 17 inch focused cap grid that has a inch focal range. 3. Align the grid s lead strips so they are parallel to the table s long axis (lengthwise). 4. Place the pixie on top of the grid, in the AP position. 5. Tape the appropriate lead markers onto the image receptor. (The room, side and exposure number should be labeled on all radiographs.) 6. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 7. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at 20 SID. 8. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 9. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 8 Lab 3
9 Instructions for Exposure Place a 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 11. Cover the image receptor with a 14 x 17 inch focused cap grid that has a inch focal range. 12. Align the grid s lead strips so they are parallel to the table s long axis (lengthwise). 13. Place the pixie on top of the grid, in the AP position. 14. Tape the appropriate lead markers onto the image receptor. (The room, side and exposure number should be labeled on all radiographs.) 15. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 16. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at 80 (or max) SID. 17. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 18. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 9 Lab 3
10 Instructions for Exposure Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch CR image receptor on the tabletop lengthwise. 20. Set up the pixie and focused grid in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 21. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at 40 SID. 22. Tilt the grid and the image receptor approximately 35⁰. 23. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 24. Expose the CR image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 10 Lab 3
11 Radiation Detectors Density Selector Radiation Detectors Density Selector Technique Worksheet A Rooms A, B, C, D Computed Radiography System Use AEC for image 1 Manual Technique Mode lgm kv ma Time Grid SID mas sec cap Use film No. 1 as the standard image for comparison. Adjust technique as necessary to obtain lgm Use manual Technique for images 2 to 10 lgm kv ma Time Grid SID mas cap cap cap cap cap cap 40 RS2: Page 11 Lab 3
12 cap cap cap 40 RS2: Page 12 Lab 3
13 Experimental Procedure 2 Direct Digital (DDR) Procedure (Knee AP technique) Exposures 11 thru 17 use wireless digital image receptors. Instructions for Exposure Place a 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky. 2. Place the knee phantom on top of the table. 3. Tape the appropriate lead markers onto the image receptor. (The room, side and exposure number should be labeled on all radiographs.) 4. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 5. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid in the bucky at 40 SID. 6. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest.. 7. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. Instructions for Exposure 13 RS2: Page 13 Lab 3
14 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee and focused grid in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray 21º cephalic to the center of the grid. 4. Use a tape measure to verify the SID needed to compensate for the central ray angle. 5. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 6. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. (Rule of Thumb: To maintain the correct SID, the distance from the x-ray tube to the tabletop must be reduced by 1 inch for every 7 degrees of angulation. Use a tape measure to verify the change in SID. Instructions for Exposure 14 RS2: Page 14 Lab 3
15 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 2. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 3. Set up the knee in the exact same orientation as exposure one. 4. Direct the central ray 30º transverse to the center of the grid. 5. Use a tape measure to verify the SID needed to compensate for the central ray angle. 6. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 7. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. (Rule of Thumb: To maintain the correct SID, the distance from the x-ray tube to the tabletop must be reduced by 1 inch for every 7 degrees of angulation. Use a tape measure to verify the change in SID. RS2: Page 15 Lab 3
16 Instructions for Exposure Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the RIGHT EDGE (5 off the center) of the grid at 40 SID. 4. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 5. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 16 Lab 3
17 Instructions for Exposure Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Center the knee to the middle of the image receptor. 4. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at 20 SID. 5. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 6. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. Instructions for Exposure 17 RS2: Page 17 Lab 3
18 1. Place an unexposed 14 x 17 inch wireless digital image receptor in the bucky lengthwise. 2. Set up the knee the exact same orientation as exposure one. 3. Direct the central ray perpendicular to the center of the grid at maximum SID (>44 ). 4. Collimate the field size to the anatomy of interest. 5. Expose the wireless digital image receptor using the technique in the worksheet provided. RS2: Page 18 Lab 3
19 Radiation Detectors Density Selector Radiation Detectors Density Selector Technique Worksheet B Rooms A, B, C, & D Use AEC for image 1 AECTechnique Mode set it to Table 40-inch AEC Technique Mode Room A set it to 200 Rooms B,C,D set it to L EI TEI DI kv ma Time Grid SID mas C 0 bucky 40 Use film No. 1 as the standard image for comparison. Adjust technique as necessary to obtain DI < 0.5 Use manual Technique for images 12 to 17 EI TEI DI kv ma Time Grid SID mas N/A N/A bucky N/A N/A bucky N/A N/A bucky N/A N/A bucky N/A N/A bucky N/A N/A bucky max RS2: Page 19 Lab 3
20 RS2: Page 20 Lab 3
21 Worksheet A Computed Radiography lgm Number Briefly describe the overall brightness, contrast and noise level of each image. Describe appearance of artifacts RS2: Page 21 Lab 3
22 RS2: Page 22 Lab 3
23 10 RS2: Page 23 Lab 3
24 Worksheet A Computed Radiography EI TEI DI Briefly describe the overall brightness, contrast and noise level of each image. Describe appearance of artifacts RS2: Page 24 Lab 3
25 RS2: Page 25 Lab 3
26 RS2: Page 26 Lab 3
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