Consumer Horticulture
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1 Purdue Extension Consumer Horticulture Container and Raised Bed Gardening HORT-186-W Purdue Extension Consumer Horticulture Indiana Vegetable Planting Calendar Michael N. Dana and B. Rosie Lerner HO-186-W Purdue Horticulture and Landscape Architecture General Horticulture (tips, techniques, and practices) Flowers (house plants, garden flowers) Landscape Plants Fruits Vegetables Planting vegetable seeds or transplants at the correct time is important for a successful garden. The correct timing is determined by two factors: the soil temperature required for seeds to germinate and the temperature tolerance of the plants. The best planting dates can vary from season to season. Planting dates also differ from one location to another based on the microclimatic effects of urban areas, natural terrain, moisture, sunlight, wind exposure, and garden devices such as cloches and mulches. Because of this variation, we can only suggest a range of safe planting dates based on the average dates of the last normal freeze in the spring (Figure 1) and the first freeze in the fall (Figure 2). You should note the current weather conditions and projections as well as your site s conditions to determine the correct planting date for a specific crop and variety. Making several plantings within these date ranges can increase the likelihood of success. Several plantings will also extend the harvest season over a longer period. If you make only one planting, then make it about midway through the range. Table 1 indicates spring planting dates, while Table 2 suggests appropriate dates for fall garden planting. Soil Temperature Many summer vegetable crops do not grow well until the soil temperatures are warm. In years when cool air temperatures and rainfall do not allow the soil to warm up, delay planting warm season crops such as beans, tomatoes, squash, sweet potatoes, and peanuts until the soil temperature has reached at least 60 o F for optimum germination and/or growth. Otherwise, seed and root rot disease and related disorders are likely. For more experienced gardeners, soil temperature measurements offer an alternative to planting according to frost dates. Soil can be warmed early by using black or clear plastic mulches. Seeds that require warm temperatures for germination can then be planted successfully before the recommended dates. However, protection against late frosts for the seedlings may be required. Table 3 provides seed germination temperatures for several vegetables. 1
2 Figure 1. Average Frost Dates in Spring After the average spring frost-free date, there is a 50 percent chance of a temperature at or below 32 o F/ (0 o C). About two weeks later that chance decreases to 10 percent. Thus, tender plants set out on the average frostfree date could need some protection, while delayed plantings almost never require additional protection. For spring planting date ranges for common vegetable crops, see Table 1. Figure 2. Average First Frost Dates in Fall The chance of a frost on the average first frost date is 50 percent. However, the likelihood of a 32 o F (0 o C) temperature is only 10 percent two weeks prior to the average first frost date. For fall planting date ranges for common vegetable crops, see Table
3 Table 1. Earliest Dates and Ranges of Dates for Spring Planting of Selected Vegetables in the Garden* Crop Area A Area B Area C Area D Asparagus (1) Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 15-Apr 15 Mar 20-Apr 15 Mar 10-Apr 30 Bean, Lima Apr 1-June 30 May 1-June 20 May 15-June 15 May 25-June 15 Bean, Snap Apr 10-June 30 Apr 25-June 30 May 10-June 30 May 10-June 30 Beet Mar 10-June 1 Mar 20-June 1 Apr 1-June 15 Apr 15-June 15 Broccoli, sprouting(1) Mar 15-Apr 15 Mar 25-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-June 1 Brussels sprout (1) Mar 15-Apr 15 Mar 25-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-June 1 Cabbage (1) Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 10 Apr 1-May 15 Cabbage, Chinese (2) (2) (2) Apr 1-May 15 Carrot Mar 10-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 15 Apr 10-June 1 Apr 20-June 15 Cauliflower Mar 1-Mar 20 Mar 15-Apr 20 Mar 1-Mar 20 Mar 15-Apr 20 Celery and celeriac Apr 1-Apr 20 Apr 10-May 1 Apr 15-May 1 Apr 20-June 15 Chard Mar 15-June 15 Apr 1-June 15 Apr 15-June 15 Apr 20-June 15 Chervil and chives Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 1 Chicory, witloof June 10-July 1 June 15-July 1 June 15-July 1 June 1-June 20 Collard (1) Mar 1-June 1 Mar 10-June 1 Apr 1-June 1 Apr 15-June 1 Cornsalad Feb 1-Apr 1 Feb 15-Apr 15 Mar 1-May 1 Apr 1-June 1 Corn, sweet Apr 10-June 1 Apr 15-June 15 May 10-June 15 May 10-June 1 Cress, upland Mar 10-Apr 15 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 10-May 10 Apr 20-May 20 Cucumber Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 15-June 15 May 20-June 15 Eggplant (1) May 1-June 1 May 10-June 1 May 15-June 10 May 20-June 15 Endive Mar 15-Apr 15 Mar 25-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Fennel, Florence Mar 15-Apr 15 Mar 25-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Garlic Feb 20-Mar 20 Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Horseradish (1) Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-Apr 20 Apr 1-Apr 30 Apr 15-May 15 Kale Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 20-Apr 10 Apr 1-Apr 20 Apr 10-May 1 Kohlrabi Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 1-May 10 Apr 10-May 15 Leek Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Lettuce, head (1) Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 20-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Lettuce, leaf Mar 15-May 15 Mar 20-May 15 Apr 1-June 1 Apr 15-June 15 Muskmelon Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 15-June 15 June 1-June 15 Mustard Mar 10-Apr 20 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 1-May 10 Apr 15-June 1 Okra Apr 20-June 15 May 1-June 1 May 10-June 1 May 20-June 10 Onion (1) Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 10 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 10-May 1 Onion, seed Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Onion, sets Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 10 Apr 10-May 1 Parsley Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Parsnip Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-Apr 20 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 15-May 15 Peanut Apr 25-May 15 May 5-June 1 May 15-June 1 Pea, garden Feb. 20-Mar 20 Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 1-May 15 Pea, black-eye May 1-July 1 May 10-june 15 May 15-June 1 Pepper (1) May 1-June 1 May 10-June 1 May 15-June 10 May 20-June 10 Potato Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 10 Mar 20-May 10 Apr 1-June 1 Pumpkin Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 1-May 30 May 10-June 10 Radish Mar 1-May 1 Mar 10-May 10 Mar 20-May 10 Apr 1-June 1 Rhubarb (1) Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 10 Mar 20-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Rutabaga (3) (3) May 1-June 1 May 1-June 1 Salsify Mar 10-Apr 15 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 1-May 15 Apr 15-June 1 Shallot Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 15-Apr 15 Apr 1-May 1 Apr 10-May 1 Sorrel Mar 1-Apr 15 Mar 15-May 1 Apr 1-May 15 Apr 15-June 1 Soybean May 1-June 30 May 10-June 20 May 15-June 15 May 25-June 15 Spinach Feb 15-Apr 1 Mar 1-Apr 15 Mar 20-Apr 20 Apr 1-June 15 Spinach, New Zealand Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 1-June 15 May 10-June 15 Squash, summer and winter Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 1-May 30 May 10-June 10 Sweet potato May 1-June 1 May 10-June 10 May 20-June 10 Tomato Apr 20-June 1 May 5-June 10 May 10-June 15 May 15-June 10 Turnip Mar 1-Apr 1 Mar 10-Apr 1 Mar 20-May 1 Apr 1-June 1 Watermelon Apr 20-June 1 May 1-June 15 May 15-June 15 June 1-June 15 *The areas in this table come from Figure 1. (1) Plants (transplant instead of direct seeding on indicated dates) (2) Generally fall-planted (3) Substitute turnips in Area A and B No information available Source: Growing Vegetables in the Home Garden, USDA Bulletin
4 Table 2. Latest Dates and Ranges of Dates for Planting a Fall Crop of Selected Vegetables in the Garden* Crop Area E Area F Area G Area H Asparagus (1) Oct 20-Nov 15 Nov 1-Dec 15 Nov 15-Jan 1 Bean, Lima June 1-June 15 June 1-June 15 June 15-June 30 July 1-Aug 1 Bean, snap June 1-July 10 June 15-July 20 July 1-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 15 Beet June 1-July 10 June 15-July 25 July 1-Aug 5 Aug 1-Sept 1 Broccoli, sprouting June 1-June 30 June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 1 Brussels sprout June 1-June 30 June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 15 Cabbage (1) June 1-July 10 June 1-July 15 July 10-July 20 Aug 1-Sept 1 Cabbage, Chinese June 1-July 15 June 15-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 15 Carrot June 1-Jly 10 June 1-July 20 June 15-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 15 Cauliflower (1) May 10-July 15 June 1-July 15 July 1-Aug 5 July 15-Aug 15 Celery (1) and celeriac June 1-July 5 June 1-July 15 June 1-Aug 1 June 15-Aug 15 Chard June 1-July 5 June 1-July 20 June 1-Aug 1 June 1-Sept 10 Chervil and chives (2) (2) (2) (2) Chicory, witloof June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 10 Collard (1) June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 15 Cornsalad July 15-Sept 1 Aug 15-Sept 15 Sept 1-Oct 15 Sept 15-Nov 1 Corn, sweet June 1-July 1 June 1-July 10 June 1-July 20 June 1-Aug 1 Cress, upland July 15-Sept 1 Aug 15-Sept 15 Sept 1-Oct 15 Sept 15-Nov 1 Cucumber June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 15 June 1-Aug 1 Eggplant (1) May 20-June 10 May 15-June 15 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 Endive June 15-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 15 July 15-Sept 1 July 15-Aug 15 Fennel, Florence June 1-July 1 June 15-July 15 June 15-Aug 1 Jul 1-Aug 1 Garlic (2) (2) (2) (2) Horseradish (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) Kale June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 July 15-Sept 1 Kohlrabi June 15-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 1 Leek (2) (2) (2) (2) Lettuce, head (1) June 15-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Aug 30 Aug 1-Sept 15 Lettuce, leaf June 1-Aug 1 July 15-Sept 1 July 15-Sept 1 Aug 15-Oct 1 Muskmelon May 15-June 1 June 1-June 15 June 15-July 20 July 1-July 15 Mustard June 15-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 1 Aug 15-Oct 15 Okra June 1-July 1 June 1-July 15 June 1-Aug 1 June 1-Aug 10 Onion (1) (2) (2) (2) Onion, seed (2) (2) (2) Onion, sets (2) (2) (2) Parsley June 1-July 15 June 15-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 15 Parsnip June 1-July 1 June 1-July 10 (2) (2) Pea, garden June 1-Aug 1 (2) (2) Aug 1-Sept 15 Pea, black-eye June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 1-Aug 1 Pepper (1) June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 10 June 1-July 20 Potato May 1-June 15 May 15-June 15 June 15-July 15 July 20-Aug 10 Pumpkin May 15-June 1 June 1-June 15 June 15-July 20 July 1-July 15 Radish July 1-Sept 1 July 15-Sept 15 Aug 1-Oct 1 Aug 15-Oct 15 Rhubarb (1) Oct 1-Nov 1 Oct 15-Nov 15 Oct 15-Dec 1 Nov 1-Dec 1 Rutabaga June 1-July 1 June 15-July 15 Jul 10-July 20 July 15-Aug 1 Salsify June 1-June 20 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 10 Shallot (2) (2) (2) (2) Sorrel June 1-July 15 July 1-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 15 Soybean May 25-June 10 June 1-25 June 1-July 5 June 1-July 15 Spinach July 1-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 1 Aug 20-Sept 10 Sept 1-Oct 1 Spinach, New Zealand May 15-July 1 June 1-July 15 June 1-Aug 1 June 1-Aug 1 Squash, summer June 1-July 1 June 1-July 15 June 1-July 20 June 1-Aug 1 Squash, winter June 1-June 15 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 June 10-July 10 Sweet potato May 20-June 10 June 1-June 15 June 1-June 15 Tomato June 1-June 20 June 1-June 20 June 1-July 1 June 1-July 1 Turnip June 1-Aug 1 July 1-Aug 1 July 15-Aug 15 Aug 1-Sept 15 Watermelon May 15-June 1 June 1-June 15 June 15-July 20 July 1-July 15 *The areas in this table come from Figure 2. (1) Plants (transplant instead of direct seeding on indicated dates) (2) Generally spring-planted No information available Source: Growing Vegetables in the Home Garden, USDA Bulletin
5 Table 3. Soil Temperatures for Vegetable Seed Germination Optimum/Optimum Range Minimum/Maximum Vegetable ( o F) ( o F) Asparagus 75/ /95 Bean 80/ /95 Bean, Lima 85/ /85 Beet 85/ /95 Cabbage 85/ /100 Carrot 80/ /95 Cauliflower 80/ /100 Celery 70/ /85 Chard, Swiss 85/ /95 Corn 95/ /105 Cucumber 95/ /105 Eggplant 85/ /95 Lettuce 75/ /85 Muskmelon 90/ /100 Okra 95/ /105 Onion 75/ /95 Parsley 75/ /90 Parsnip 65/ /85 Pea 75/ /85 Pepper 85/ /95 Pumpkin 0/ /100 Radish 85/ /95 Spinach 70/ /85 Squash 95/ /100 Tomato 85/ /95 Turnip 85/ /105 Watermelon 95/ /105 Purdue Agriculture Revised 6/09 It is the policy of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue University is an Affirmative Action institution. This material may be available in alternative formats. Order or download materials from Purdue Extension The Education Store 5
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