CLUVA WORKSHOP SOCIAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT : CASE OF DOUALA

Transcription

1 VILLE B.P. : 43 Douala Téléphone COMMUNAUTE URBAINE UNIVERSITE DE YAOUNDE I CLUVA WORKSHOP Urban Participatory Climate Change Adaptation Appraisal Methodology, Social Vulnerability, Institutions and Governance SOCIAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT : CASE OF DOUALA CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th December 2011 Roger TCHANGANG

2 SOMMAIRE I. Presentation of Douala city II. Main natural hazards and their major causes in Douala area I. Floods II. Landslide, gullies and soil erosion III. Some notable floods in Douala IV. Drivers of social vulnerability in Douala V. Overview of local governance CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 2

3 I. PRESENTATION OF DOUALA CITY Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region The city is located on the banks of the Wouri River, at 30 km from the Atlantic Ocean. The two sides linked by Bonaberi Bridge mm yearly average rainfall Yearly average rainy days : 180 days (heavy season : june-sept) Total area of about 300 km² with a flat relief in general 2,400,000 inhabitants CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 3

4 II. MAIN NATURAL HAZARDS AND THEIR MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA II.1. Floods Bed overflow of streams in the lowlands and valleys with flat bottoms, related to the anarchic occupation of urban space ; Difficulty of stormwater drainage due to clogging gutters in urbanized perimeters and high rate of waterproof area. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 4

5 II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (2) II.1. Floods (2) Obsolescence of drainage works Non-regular cleaning of drains CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 5

6 CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 6

7 II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (3) II.2.Landslides, Gullies and soil erosions Anthropogenic pressures, topography soil geological characteristics, rainfall Discharge of industrial wastewater. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 7

8 III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA Month an year Districts of the main areas flooded July1990 DOUALA II (Nkolmitag, PK 5) August 1993 DOUALA II et III (Tergal, Nkolmitag, Brazzaville, New Bell, Dibom, Soboum, Bilongué, Madagascar) Météo June & July 1996 August 1998 DOUALA II, III, IV et V DOUALA II, III et V 2 et 3 August 2000 DOUALA I, II, III, IV et V 2002 DOUALA II, III, IV et V 09 August 2009 DOUALA I et V (Akwa, Bonapriso, Bonanjo, Bali, Cité des palmiers) july DOUALA II, III, IV et V CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 8

9 III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA (2) Bonapriso flooding ( Météo area ) : 9 th August 2009 CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 9

10 IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA IV.1 Demography inhbts, 80% of the urban population of the littoral region live in Douala. Strong population growth (4.87% in 2005) IV.2 Urbanization Development plan exceeded Extension of the urban area outside the administrative boundaries (300 km ²) ; uncontrolled occupation Occupation of risk areas Densification of the population in non aedificandi areas whithin the most exposed districts to natural hazards CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 10

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12 IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA (2) IV.4 Revenue, living conditions and poverty rates HDI: 0.5 in 2007 (153rd / 182) ; Poverty rate: 5.5% (among the lowest in Cameroon in 2007); Rate decreasing since 1996 (Threshold: FCFA / eq. Adult / year). Decrease of the poverty rate in urban development VS development of low salaries jobs in the informal sector. 71% of the population of working age are active (80% M / 60% W). 74% of jobs are provided by the informal sector; 36% of formal jobs provided by the national private sector are based in Douala ; Unemployment is estimated at 16.2% for the years (10.1% for men and 23.5% for women). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 12

13 IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA (2) IV.6. Roads 1800 km of road, only 470 paved (26%) of which 150 km represents the structuring network road. Weakly meshed network: deficient secondary and tertiary network roads ; Highways obsolete and severely damaged causing traffic jams ; Limited financial resources of CUD and lack of maintenance strategy ; Limited ability to intervene in case of occurrence of a disaster. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 13

14 IV. FACTEURS STRUCTURELS DE LA VULNERABILITE SOCIALE (suite) IV.7. Housing Most homes have walls and floors made of concrete. 29% of homes are made of wood Carabott (wood assembled horizontally) ; The majority of households have improved sanitation facilities (latrines equipped). 34.4% of homes have one bedroom, 46.5% of homes have 2 to 3 bedrooms ; 19.1% have 4 bedrooms and more.). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 14

15 ZONES A RISQUES CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 15

16 V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW V.1. DOUAL CITY COUNCIL (CUD) Decentralized public authority and a legal entity created by the decree of September 24, 1987 N 87/1366, with a legal personality and financial autonomy; Under the authority of the Government Delegate appointed by a presidential Decree, Operates under the supervision of the State representative, the council is in charge of local affairs for economic, social and cultural development of its population ; mainly concerned with the proper operation of all community facilities of the city CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 16

17 V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW V.2. Operating mechanism The CUD covers an area divided into six district municipalities (CA), which the sixth is insular CUD has a municipal council acting as the deliberative organ. Its members are drawn from the councils of the six CA ; They are involved in the decision making process regarding the investments politics and the campaign plan to be implemented by the government delegate Each CA also has a municipal Council ; The elected Councillors represent their people, They defend their populations interests through the power of validation they have on the adoption of the campaign plan and communal activities. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 17

18 V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.2. Operating mechanism (2) Improvement of local governance system: the government delegate instituted a Platform for collaboration CUD-CA mayors ; The main target is to harmonize interventions in the city between the CUD and the CA and discuss permanently on some particular social issues Implementation of a proximity policy through the participatory approach: Public consultation as part of various ongoing studies within the CUD ; Permanent sensitization of social actors, prior to any development work starts in the city in general and road maintenance, stream drainage in particular.. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 18

19 V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.3. What s going on and next? Almost six years ago, the CUD undertook a yearly campaign aiming at : cleaning gutters and all the drains of Douala, clearing off the population located on the bed and neighborhood of some drains, and gutters. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 19

20 V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.3. What s going on and next? Many projects are currently underway, as every years, for Rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, Several studies are completed and other ongoing to improve governance by providing the CUD moderns urban planning tools : CDS PDU, PDU-POS, AGENDA 21, SDA, etc... CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 20

21 BIBLIOGRAPHY Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Directeur d Urbanisme de Douala Programmation, nov 2009 Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Stratégie de développement de la ville de Douala (CDS), 2009 Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Déplacement Urbain COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE, ETUDE DU SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D ASSAINISSEMENT DE LA VILLE DE DOUALA ET MAÎTRISE D ŒUVRE D UNE TRANCHE PRIORITAIRE DES TRAVAUX (RAPPORT DÉFINITIF PHASE 1), NOVEMBRE RGPH 3 (Recensement Général de la Population et de l Habitat ) (2005) dont les résultats ont été publiés fin 2010, et RGPH1 (1976) et RGPH2 (1987) ECAM (Enquête camerounaise auprès des Ménages)1,2 et 3 ( ), EESI (Enquête sur l Emploi et le Secteur Informel) (2005) et CAVIE (Enquête sur le Cadre de Vie) (2002) menées par l INS Personnes consultées : Jean YANGO (CUD), Dr BAHA (UD), OLINGA (UD), DOMBOR (UD), METEKE Aymard and Christine MOUDIKI (CUD). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 21

22 Thank you for your kind attention CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th Roger TCHANGANG 22