Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Compare and Contrast:

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1 Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Compare and Contrast: John A. Clark Storage Engineer IBM, Inc. James Johnatakis Network Engineer Taos, Inc. Lothar Wegner SE Manager, Northeast Region Novell

2 Agenda What is Open Enterprise Server Differences between OES and Windows Server Reasons for the differences between OES and Windows Server Design differences What s in store for OES Summary 2

3 What is Open Enterprise Server

4 Novell s History of File and Print NetWare 4

5 The evolution of NetWare to Open Enterprise Server Management Remote Access Print Services File Services Directory Services Operating System Operating System 5

6 Novell Open Enterprise Server Services QuickFinder Filr iprint Clustering and High Availability Dynamic Storage Technology edirectory Domain Services for Windows Multi-Protocol Support Novell Storage Services (NSS) 6

7 Differences Between Novell Open Enterprise Server (OES) 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2

8 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is Designed for Applications Optimized as a single user application platform No clean slate design in any generation Maximum backward compatibility to MS-DOS Rebooting is necessary to keep system running well For services and registry entries 8

9 Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 is Designed for Networking Optimized as a multiple user server platform Clean slate architecture in almost every generation Very little backward compatibility to previous versions Rebooting the system is rarely needed for system operation Changes can be performed dynamically with stability 9

10 Windows for Workgroups was a Networking Add-on by Microsoft No clean slate design Backward compatibility is Microsoft s main design goal Can be workstation AND server Uses a peer to peer networking architecture Designed for the end user Little training needed to administer network 10

11 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Task Manager 11

12 Novell OES 2015 was Designed from the Ground Up for Networking Maximum clean slate design Network services optimization is Novell s main goal Built as a server only Uses a mainframe networking architecture Designed for a trained professional to manage Training is required to administer Novell OES

13 Novell OES 2015 Optimizes Services Optimizing networking services is the main goal NetWare 2 was 16 bit operating system (OS) for Not based on MS-DOS NetWare 3 was 32 bit OS written from ground up for NetWare 4 was edirectory X.500 design NetWare 5 was TCP/IP written into core OS NetWare 6 added web services Open Enterprise Server for Linux is Novell Linux Services NetWare services recoded and ported to Linux with 64 bit code 13

14 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Emphasizes Backward Compatibility Optimizing backward compatibility is the main goal Windows for Workgroups was not clean slate Built on MS-DOS (16 bit operating system) Windows NT Server was a 32 bit implementation of Workgroup for Windows Domains were added Windows 2000 Server added TCP/IP Still uses NetBEUI encapsulated in IP Added space restrictions Added Active Directory Domain Name System (DNS) writ large Not a clean slate directory service 14

15 NetBEUI Encapsulated in IP 15

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18 Microsoft DNS Required for Active Directory on Windows Server 2012 R2 18

19 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is Windows for Workgroups on Steroids Domains were added to Microsoft Windows for Workgroups with Microsoft NT Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is the latest shipping version of NT Windows Server 2012 R2 is an excellent application platform Rebooting frequently is necessary for system to run smoothly Continues to use peer to peer networking model Requires little training for administration There has never been a clean slate revamping of Microsoft Windows Backward compatibility is still highest design priority 19

20 Novell OES 2015 is Optimized for Serving Novell is dedicated to supporting ALL clients This allows Novell to focus on engineering for: Reliability Performance Ease of Administration NetWare 2 optimized for performance and administration NetWare 3 optimized for reliability NOT backward compatible with NetWare 2 Server oriented administration Introduced dynamically loaded modules No rebooting required 20

21 Novell OES 2015 is Optimized for Serving (Continued) NetWare 4 optimized for single point administration Network oriented administration No logging in to individual servers edirectory NOT backward compatible with bindery NetWare 5 optimized TCP/IP Administrator required setup of ALL hosts No automatic network communication Native Novell Core Protocol (NCP) calls No encapsulation of IPX 21

22 File Systems Comparison Novell shared OES 2015 file systems are always Entire file system For servers only Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 file systems have to be manually shared Individual folders For workstations and servers 22

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24 Network Services Contrast Novell OES is a dedicated server Microsoft Windows is a workstation and a server 24

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26 Security Differences Novell OES uses true inheritance for security Microsoft Windows uses copy from the parent 26

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28 Server Users Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 has no concept of a local user Only edirectory login needed No individual server login Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 needs a local user Workstation user Local logon 28

29 Directories Novell edirectory allows trees to be merged and partitioned. Partitions can be replicated. Microsoft Active Directory does NOT allow forests to be merged. AD does NOT allow trees to be partitioned. Trees can be replicated, but 100% of database must be copied. 29

30 Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows 2012 R2 Reasons for Differences

31 Novell Open Enterprise Server (OES) 2015 was Designed from a Mainframe Model Mainframe model Central point of administration File system Printing Other resources Security defaults to locked down status No user access by default Training required for administrators Administrator must grant access to resources Network connectivity is custom configured Administrator must install and configure network access No automatic network connectivity 31

32 Mainframe Model Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Efficient administration Maximum security Scales for growth Customized for particular IT needs Disadvantages Training is required for administrators Planning is required for initial install and upgrades No automatic configuration No One size fits all 32

33 Microsoft Windows 2012 R2 was Designed from a Workgroup Model Peer to peer model Distributed points of administration Server to server File system Printing Other resources Security defaults to access for everyone ALL users have access by default No administrator training expected 33

34 Peer to Peer Model Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Little or no training is needed for administrators No need for planning for initial install and upgrades automatic configuration Disadvantages Inefficient administration Minimum security Doesn t scale easily One size fits all Install 2 or more PCs with Microsoft Windows Instant peer to peer connectivity between PCs 34

35 Knowing the Design Differences Between Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Helps You

36 Security Philosophies Allow all except Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Built on a workgroup design All users can access all resources by default Administrator can restrict access Deny all except Novell OES 2015 Built on mainframe security model No users can access any resources by default Administrator can enable access 36

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38 Shared File Systems Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 File System Shares Each individual folder must be shared manually No user shares exist by default Copy down (hierarchy) can be used to determine user permissions All user access allowed by default Administrator can restrict shared file system access Novell OES 2015 Novell Storage Services (NSS) Entire file system is shared automatically Inheritance can be used to determine user file system access No user access allowed by default Administrator enables access through inheritance 38

39 Directory Database Designs Greatest Difference between OES 2015 and Windows 2012 R2 Novell OES 2015 edirectory Stable and mature (20 years old) Designed for performance and redundancy Partitions break up database for quicker object access Replicas provide fault tolerance Flexible Easy to reconfigure structure Merging of trees allowed Created to move leaf and container objects easily Attributes stay with object No loss of attributes by reconfiguration 39

40 Directory Database Designs (Continued) Greatest Difference between OES 2015 and Windows 2012 R2 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Active Directory Less mature (14 years old) Designed for backward compatibility with domains Directory copies are 100% of the database Puts extra strain on server resources for lookups, etc. Less flexible Difficult to reconfigure structure Forest merges are not possible Not easy to move leaf and container objects Attributes stay with object s original location in tree ~ Can lose attributes by reconfiguration 40

41 Administration Techniques Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Server by server administration Administration tools are installed by default on server (not workstation) Local login to server required for administration Novell OES 2015 Single point administration Administration is performed from the workstation Login to directory only is required for administrator No server login needed 41

42 What s in Store for OES?

43 Open Enterprise Server Today Identity edirectory LUM Access Protocols NCP AFP FTP SMB v1 Data Management Services DFS DST SMS Migration File System NSS NLVM RAID Clustering NCS 43

44 Open Enterprise Server 2015 Identity edirectory LUM Access Protocols NCP AFP FTP SMB v1 & v2 Data Management Services DFS DST SMS Migration Active Directory File System NSS > 8 TB NLVM RAID Clustering NCS 44

45 Summary: Differences in Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2

46 Summary Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 and Novell OES 2015 Come from opposite ends of the security spectrum Novell: Deny all except Microsoft: Allow all except Have completely different design goals Microsoft: Peer to peer network Backward compatibility Workgroup management Novell: Mainframe (data center) equivalent Security Administration 46

47 Summary (continued) Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 and Novell OES 2015 Have opposite methods of sharing file systems Novell: NSS entire file system shared automatically Microsoft: Directories must be shared manually Are administered differently Microsoft: Server by server administration Local logon required Novell: Single point administration Network login through edirectory 47

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49 This document could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein. These changes may be incorporated in new editions of this document. Novell, Inc. may make improvements in or changes to the software described in this document at any time. Copyright 2011 Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. All Novell marks referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.