SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES

Transcription

1 1 Chapter 9 SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Create and manage file system shares and work with share permissions Use NTFS file system permissions to control access to files Manage file sharing using Internet Information Services (IIS) Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 3 UNDERSTANDING PERMISSIONS OVERVIEW File system permissions Share permissions Active Directory permissions Registry permissions (REGEDIT) 1

2 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 4 ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACL) Lab: Properties for root of a drive Windows Explorer Right-click Properties Access Control Entries ACL has ACEs Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 5 PERMISSIONS Permissions are keys to unlock access to resources. Full Control permission is the master key. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 6 INHERITANCE Allows permissions assigned at one folder to flow down to subsequent files and folders Can be overridden by explicit permission assignment or inheritance blocking Useful in reducing the number of permission assignments required 2

3 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 7 INHERITANCE Folder (Grand) Parent Folder Parent Folder 1 Child Folder 1A Child Folder 1B Parent Folder 2 Child Folder 2A Child Folder 2B Parent Folder 3 Child Folder 3A User Permissions Read Write Delete Folders/Files Read Write Delete Folders/Files Read Write Delete Folders/Files Read Write Delete Folders/Files Read Write Delete Folders/Files Read Write Delete Folders/Files??????????????? Folders/Files??????????????? Folders/Files??????????????? Folders/Files Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 8 EFFECTIVE PERMISSIONS Allowed permissions are cumulative. Denied permissions override allowed permissions. Explicit permissions take precedence over inherited permissions. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 9 EFFECTIVE PERMISSIONS Folder (Grand) Parent Folder Parent Folder 1 Child Folder 1A (Grand) Child Child Folder 1B User Permissions Deny All??????????????? Folders/Files Read??????????? Folders/Files??????????????? Folders/Files??????????????? Folders/Files 3

4 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 10 SHARING FOLDERS Without shares, network clients cannot access folders on a server. Require: Client for Microsoft Networks File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 11 ADMINISTRATIVE SHARES Administrative shares are hidden. Appending a share with a $ creates a hidden share. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 12 RESTRICTIONS ON CREATING FILE SYSTEM SHARES On a domain controller: Administrators, Server Operators, Enterprise Admins, Domain Admins groups On a domain member server or workstation: Administrators, Server Operators, Power Users groups On a workgroup or standalone computer: Administrators or Power Users groups 4

5 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 13 CREATING A FILE SYSTEM SHARE USING WINDOWS EXPLORER Lab: Create Share Folder Create C:\ShareMe folder Right-click C:\ShareMe Select Share this folder Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 14 SHARING A VOLUME USING WINDOWS EXPLORER Lab: Create Share for root Start Windows Explorer Select C:\ root Right-click C:\ root Select Sharing tab Click New Share Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 15 CREATING A FILE SYSTEM SHARE USING THE SHARED FOLDERS SNAP-IN Lab: Create Share using MMC Start Computer Management Console Select Shared Folders Select Shares Right-click Click New Shares 5

6 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 16 CREATING A FILE SYSTEM SHARE USING NET.EXE Allows shares to be created from a command line Lets you configure permissions during creation Lets you configure offline settings for the share Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 17 MANAGING SHARED FOLDERS Lab: Share properties Select ShareMe Right-click Properties Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 18 CONTROLLING OFFLINE STORAGE Lab: Offline Caching Select ShareMe Right-Click Caching 6

7 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 19 PUBLISHING FILE SYSTEM SHARES IN ACTIVE DIRECTORY Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 20 MANAGING SHARE PERMISSIONS Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 21 USING SHARE PERMISSIONS Limited scope Can be applied only to folders and only when connecting to the share. Lack of flexibility Permissions applied to the share apply to all levels below. No replication Share permissions are not replicated. No resiliency Share permissions cannot be backed up or restored. 7

8 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 22 USING SHARE PERMISSIONS (continued) Fragility Shares (and therefore share permissions) are lost when a folder is moved or renamed. No auditing Share permissions do not facilitate auditing. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 23 SHARE PERMISSION DEFAULTS When a new share is created, the following permissions are granted: Everyone special identity: Read Administrators: Full Control Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 24 CREATING A FILE SYSTEM SHARING STRATEGY Create logically named shares. Use nesting where necessary to reduce users need to navigate the directory structure. Share removable drives from the root to keep the share available when media are removed and reconnected or changed. 8

9 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 25 NESTING SHARES A share can be created on any folder in the file system. Multiple shares on the same folder can have different permissions. Permissions are applied at the share entry point. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 26 USING NTFS PERMISSIONS Scope NTFS permissions apply no matter how the file is accessed. Flexibility Wide range of permissions allows assignments to be tailored. Replication NTFS permissions are included when a file is replicated. Resilience NTFS permissions are retained when objects are backed up. Less fragile NTFS permissions are not lost if a file is moved or renamed. Auditing NTFS permissions support auditing. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 27 MANAGING STANDARD PERMISSIONS 9

10 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 28 USING ADVANCED SECURITY SETTINGS Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 29 MANAGING SPECIAL PERMISSIONS Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 30 VIEWING EFFECTIVE PERMISSIONS 10

11 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 31 RESOURCE OWNERSHIP Each file and folder is assigned an owner. Ownership of a file makes the security principle a member of the Creator/Owner special identity. Files that are owned go toward disk quota calculations. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 32 ADMINISTERING IIS Web server platform included with all editions of Windows Server Version 6 has improved security over previous versions. Allows files to be published through a browser interface. Supports HTTP and FTP. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 33 INSTALLING IIS Not installed during operating system installation Installed through the Windows Components Wizard (select Add Or Remove Programs in Control Panel, and click Add/Remove Windows Components) or through the Manage Your Server wizard 11

12 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 34 MANAGING AN IIS WEB SITE Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 35 USING THE WEB SITE TAB Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 36 USING THE HOME DIRECTORY TAB 12

13 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 37 USING THE DOCUMENTS TAB Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 38 USING THE PERFORMANCE TAB Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 39 CREATING VIRTUAL DIRECTORIES Allows you to include a folder from anywhere on the network in your Web site Appears to the Web site user as if it is a sub-directory of the main Web site folder Allows management of Web content to be distributed between departments. 13

14 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 40 CONFIGURING IIS SECURITY Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 41 CONFIGURING IIS AUTHENTICATION Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 42 CONFIGURING IP ADDRESS AND DOMAIN NAME RESTRICTIONS 14

15 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 43 CONFIGURING SECURE COMMUNICATIONS Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 44 SUMMARY Windows Server 2003 controls access to resources using a number of mechanisms, including share permissions and NTFS permissions. Every object protected by permissions has an ACL, which is a list of ACEs assigned to that object. Each ACE contains a security principal and indicates the level of access they are permitted or denied to the object. File system shares enable network users to access files and folders on other computers. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 45 SUMMARY (continued) Share permissions provide basic protection for file system shares, but they lack the granularity and flexibility of NTFS permissions. NTFS permissions can be allowed or denied, and explicit or inherited. A Deny permission takes precedence over an Allow permission, and an explicit permission takes precedence over an inherited permission. 15

16 Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 46 SUMMARY (continued) Access granted by NTFS permissions can be restricted by share permissions and other factors, such as IIS permissions on Web sites. Whenever two permission types are assigned to a resource, you must evaluate each set of permissions and then determine which of the two is more restrictive. Every NTFS file and folder has an owner. The owner of a file or folder is always permitted to modify the file or folder s ACL. Chapter 9: SHARING FILE SYSTEM RESOURCES 47 SUMMARY (continued) Any user with the Allow Take Ownership permission or the Take Ownership Of Files Or Other Objects user right can take ownership of an object. IIS is a Windows Server 2003 application that allows you to share files and folders using Web and FTP server services. 16