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1 C-1 F Fcii Mngrs CToos f Impmning Incrmn ismic Pr Rhbiiion in Exising Ri Buidings Inroducion An ownr ri buidings, b ms sing nn buidings, ri buiding s fcii mngr chrgd wih rsponsibii impmning progrm incrmn sismic rhbiiion, m b nring unfmiir rrir. Pr C his mnu is inndd provid fcii mngr wih infmion nd os rgrding buiding ssms minnnc, rpir, nd rhbiiion h shoud b ssisnc in impmning such progrm. A progrm incrmn sismic rhbiiion is ik b m ffdb nd ss disrupiv if spcific incrmns sismic rhbiiion r ingrd wih minnnc nd cpi improvmn projcs h woud b undrkn rgrdss whr no sismic issus wr bing ddrssd. Guid cions C.1 nd C.2 cion C.1, How Us Enginring rvics, provids fcii mngr wih prcic infmion on spci srvics frd b sismic rhbiiion prssions. vr ssni civiis mus b crrid ou b fcii mngr in dr succssfu impmn progrm incrmn sismic rhbiiion. (Ths civiis r idnifid nd discussd Pr C

2 C-2 in Pr B his mnu.) om s civiis m rquir prssion rchicur nd nginring srvics h diffr from xcd rdiion srvics usu rind b ri buiding ownrs. cion C.2, iscovring Ingrion Oppuniis f Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion, provids fcii mngr wih s os ink spcific incrmns sismic rhbiiion wih spcific minnnc nd cpi improvmn projcs. Ths os wi ssis fcii mngr in dfining ppropri scops wk f projcs h wi incud incrmn sismic rhbiiion cions. A compnion documn, Enginring Guidin f Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion, FEMA 420, provids dsign prssions wih ddiion chnic guidnc f did dsign spcific rhbiiion projcs. In Brif Enginring srvics shoud b rind f hr spcific phss: sismic scrning nd vuion, incrmn sismic rhbiiion pnning nd dsign, nd consrucion priod supp. Codinion wih nn wk nd coninui buiding documnion r spci impnc. C.1 How Us Enginring rvics ismic crning nd Evuion ismic scrning nd vuion ownr s ri buiding invnr bgins wih rviw rchiv drwings nd spcificions, if vib, drmin ps consrucion usd. This drminion is ssni f subsqun phss. If drwings nd spcificions r no vib, his drminion mus b md on bsis visu inspcion. Foowing his rviw, buiding invnris on ocion rgion shoud b scrnd in procss bsd on FEMA 154, Rpid Visu crning Buidings f Poni ismic Hzrds: A Hndbook, cond Ediion. Th go scrning is idnif vunrbiiis in invnr. Buidings h hv i no vunrbii r rmovd from furr scruin. F buidings idnifid s vunrb, nx cg srvic is did sismic vuion using ACE 31, ismic Evuion Exising Buidings, which is bsd on FEMA 310, Hndbook f ismic Evuion Exising Buidings: A Prsndrd. Ri buiding ownrs wih fw buidings m bgin wih his vuion, which ddrsss individu buidings nd idnifis boh srucur nd nonsrucur dficincis h rquir rhbiiion. Th oupu ch buiding vuion is is, possib priiizd, rhbiiion cions. An ownr m rin srvics sing nginring firm prfm boh scrning nd vuion, i cn rin firm f scrning nd on m firms f buiding vuion. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Pnning nd sign A comp sismic rhbiiion pn covring dficincis idnifid in vuion shoud b prprd f ch buiding h hs bn vud. This cn b don using ACE 31 nd FEMA 356, ismic Rhbiiion Buidings. Howvr, in incrmn sismic rhbiiion crcion dficincis is no impmnd onc, bu rr in discr incrmns ovr priod im. In dr ccompish his, i is ncssr crr ou four spcific sps: Esbish rg sismic prfmnc vs Priiiz sismic rhbiiion oppuniis fin incrmns Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

3 C-3 Ingr sismic rhbiiion in minnnc nd cpi improvmn progrms Ech s sps is discussd in discussion ri buiding pnning phs in cion B.2. Th poni f uninnion wkning buiding s rsu pricur incrmn shoud b crfu nzd nd mus b voidd. This subjc is discussd in m di in compnion documn, Enginring Guidin f Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion, FEMA 420. ismic rhbiiion pnning nd dsign m b crrid ou b sm nginring firm h prfmd vuion, b spr firm. Cos codinion wih ownr s risk mngmn funcion is prrquisi f succssfu impmnion prfmnc objcivs nd priiizion sps. Th dfiniion incrmns nd ingrion civiis wi rquir cos codinion wih finnci mngrs so s b consisn wih budging nd funding procsss, s discussd in Pr B. Th conrcu grmn covring his wk shoud rfc fc h som wk is impmnd immdi nd som wk is f fuur. Consrucion Priod upp Consrucion priod supp f incrmn sismic rhbiiion is much sm s f n consrucion projc. Th pns nd spcificions shoud b impmnd crc, nd spcifid qui conro msurs shoud b foowd. A subsiuions chngs shoud b crfu nzd b dsign prssions in rms ir sismic impicions. Pricur nion shoud b pid propr brcing nd nchg nonsrucur mns undrgoing rhbiiion. Codinion wih Tnn Wk Incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk b ri m ownr m in som css b ingrd wih nn wk. This is mos ik occur in cs rg nns wih ong-rm ss. In his cs, dsign nd consrucion wk wi rquir cos codinion bwn ownr s dsign prssions nd hos nn. Th min objciv wi b disrup ss civiis s i s possib. Coninui Buiding ocumnion Assuring coninui buiding documnion is pricur impnc f incrmn sismic rhbiiion. Th rhbiiion ch individu buiding m b sgd ovr priod svr rs dcds s discussd in cion B.2. Th scrning, vuion, pnning, nd dsign m b spi mong svr nginring firms. Insiuion mm m disppr s ownr prsonn, nd vn buiding ownrship, chngs. I is rf ssni h ri fcii mngr documn spcs nd rquirmns sismic rhbiiion from ris buiding scrning hrough vuion, sismic rhbiiion pnning, nd compion ch incrmn sismic rhbiiion, ping spci nion schduing foow-up rquirmns nd cions ovr im. Pr C

4 C-4 Fs f Prssion rvics Th prssion srvics rquird impmn incrmn sismic rhbiiion, s discussd bov, cr xcd scop rdiion rchicur/nginring dsign srvics. An ppropri f srucur f s nw srvics wi nd b dvopd nd ingrd in budging procss. In Brif Oppuniis dd sismic rhbiiion incrmns xis wihin mos mj minnnc nd cpi improvmn civiis. Incrmn sismic rhbiiion oppuniis r suggsd f igh spcific minnnc nd cpi improvmn cgis. C.2 iscovring Ingrion Oppuniis F Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion In dr bnfi from oppuniis ingr incrmn sismic rhbiiion wih minnnc nd cpi improvmn civiis, i is usfu discuss s civiis s r pic undrkn in ri buidings. Mos ri buiding ownrs r fmiir wih ir pricur buiding invnris nd rd prns minnnc nd cpi improvmn. Aggrg nion d is no pricur rvnc givn ownr, bu m b gnr inrs nd is summrizd in sidbr on opposi pg. Cgis Minnnc nd Cpi Improvmn Projcs Ri buiding ownrs n cgiz minnnc nd cpi improvmn projcs in foowing igh cgis: 1. Roing minnnc nd rpir/r-roing 2. Exri w nd window minnnc/fçd modrnizion 3. Fir nd if sf improvmns (usu cquisiion) 4. M pubic r modrnizion 5. Ri r modrnizion 6. Undrfo nd bsmn minnnc nd rpir 7. Hing, vniing, nd ir condiioning (HVAC) upgrd nd nrg consrvion 8. Hzrdous mris bmn (usu cquisiion) Ths cgis rfc groupings buiding mns, dminisriv nd funding cgis, nn vrsus pubic spcs, prmrs. om ownrs m us cgizions minnnc nd cpi improvmn wk. Th purpos his discussion is no impos n pricur cgizion wk, bu simp dmonsr chrcrisics givn im pnnd wk h m mk i pricur suib f ingrion wih pricur incrmn sismic rhbiiion msurs. Ths pirings ims sismic rhbiiion msurs wih cgis wk r rfrrd in his scion s ingrion oppuniis. Fcii mngrs using his mnu r ncourgd modif wk cgis sui ir own prcics. Wk scripions nd Mrics ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Oppuniis Eigh scions, C.2.1 hrough C.2.8, provid fcii mngr wih infmion usd idnif incrmn sismic rhbiiion oppuniis h cn b combind wih minnnc nd cpi improvmn projcs. Th infmion bcoms o, chnic frmwk bsis f cion, h Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

5 C-5 cn b communicd rchic nginr scd wk on n projc rsuing from n ingrion oppuni. Ths scions prsn xpndd dscripions ch wk cgis dfind bov in consisn fm. Ech cg is dscribd in rms : Gnr dscripion Phsic dscripion Associd incrmn rhbiiion wk Prfmnc wk pci quipmn Impc on buiding us Mrics possib spcific ingrion oppuniis, on mrix f ch wk cg (Tbs C-1 hrough C-6), ccompn dscripions firs six cgis minnnc nd cpi improvmn projcs. Ths incud: Roing minnnc nd rpir/r-roing Exri ws nd window minnnc/fçd modrnizion Fir nd if sf improvmns M pubic r modrnizion Ri r modrnizion Undrfo nd bsmn minnnc nd rpir Th ingrion oppuniis f nx wo cgis wk r dfind b rfrnc on m six mrics. No h ri buiding ddiions m ddiions r cg pic cpi improvmn h is no incudd mong igh cgis isd bginning his scion. Addiions m hv bn consrucd on ri buidings ms ovr cours ir usfu ivs. Currn ddiions wi b dsignd m sismic rquirmns buiding cod. Addiions m so fr oppuniis srngn n djcn buiding buidings. Ths oppuniis rquir crfu dsign nd nsis, nd r no spcific idnifid in ingrion oppuniis mrics (Tbs C-1 hrough C-6). Furrm, indqu dsignd ddiions, wihou propr joins conncions xising buiding, coud cu cus dmg in n rhquk s diffrn scions buiding pound gins ch. Th sismic prfmnc improvmns shown in mrics f in hr cgis: Indics improvmns h cn b impmnd whn ingrion oppuni riss, on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Ths ps improvmns ddrss dficincis h m b idnifid in n ACE 31, ismic Evuion Exising Buidings, Tir 1 nsis. Indics improvmns h cn b impmnd whn ingrion oppuni riss nd h rquir nginring dsign. Ths ps improvmns ddrss dficincis h m b idnifid in n ACE 31 Tir 1 Tir 2 nsis. Gnrizd Minnnc nd Cpi Improvmn Whisn Rsrch ( priv mrk rsrch gnizion) indics h xpndiurs f minnnc nd rpirs ovr buiding s if xcd rpcmn coss f mos buiding ps nd configurions, incuding ri buidings. Th prdominn cgis minnnc nd rpir civiis f dprmn srs r, firs, roing, foowd b mchnic, inri finishs, nd cric ssms. A s civiis fr oppuniis f ingrion wih incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk. Th iming wk is so high prdicb. Th p 8 rs xpns ccoun f bou 55% buiding rpcmn. Wih rguri, rs 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, nd 50 r highs xpns rs, in rough incrsing dr, wih r 40 incurring bou 8% rpcmn coss f ousourcd rpir nd rnovion xpnss. Ths prns suggs significn oppuni (nd ndnc) impmn srgis ik incrmn rhbiiion spcific poins ovr srvic if ri buiding. Th so imp spcific rg priods whn srgis coud mos ik b considrd nd impmnd. Buiding g bcoms vr impn chrcrisic f incrmn sismic rhbiiion. Pr C

6 C-6 Indics improvmns h rquir nginring nsis drmin if shoud b impmnd whn ingrion oppuni riss void uninnion incrsing sismic vunrbii b rdisribuing ods wkr mns srucur ssm (squncing rquirmns). Th bsnc n s smbos in mrix c indics h improvmn in qusion is no ppicb pricur srucur p. Th spcific pcmn ch s smbos (,, ) bsnc smbo is bsd on prssion judgmn considring pic consrucion. Howvr, xcpions ding chngs in s cgis m ris in spcific buidings. Ingrion oppuniis f incrmn sismic rhbiiion r funcion hr vs sismici: ow, modr, nd high. Th dfiniions s vs r hos usd in ACE 31, ismic Evuion Exising Buidings, nd FEMA 356, ismic Rhbiiion Buidings. Th incud boh sismic zonion nd soi condiions. Th soi condiions si m ffc v sismici nd mus b kn in ccoun. F xmp, s soi m mpif sismic fcs on som buidings. Th mhod f drmining v sismici is givn in cion 2.5 ACE 31. ignificn fwr sismic improvmns r rcommndd f ow vs sismici hn f highr vs bcus sismic vunrbii is owr. Th sismic improvmns rcommndd f modr nd high vs sismici r sm in numbr, bu diffr in dis improvmns rfc diffrn mgniuds sismic ods ncounrd in wo vs. Incrmn sismic rhbiiion ingrion oppuniis f ch cg wk r funcion buiding srucur p. This mnu uss fiv brod srucur ps, scd b mningfu ri buiding fcii mngrs. Th mris usd f buiding s vric od-rsising ssm cn b usd cgiz srucur ps s foows: wood unrinfcd msonr rinfcd msonr concr s Th r wo srucur ps, concr nd s, r brokn down furr in hos wih wood fos nd ros (fxib diphrgms) nd concr fos nd ros (rigid diphrgms). This brkdown covrs n impn prmr h drmins how r ods r disribud od-rsising mns srucurs. rucurs wih fxib diphrgms disribu rhquk ods bsd on propion ribur r bwn shrrsising mns (shr ws frms). Fxib diphrgms ow srighfwrd nsis ods in ch shr mn. rucurs wih rigid diphrgms disribu rhquk ods bsd on riv rigidi individu shr-rsising mns. Roion (wising) fcs m b inroducd h mus so b rsisd b s nd mns. Rigid diphrgms rquir m did nsis h m hv b conducd f ch incrmn proposd srngning progrm. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

7 C-7 Th fcii mngr using his scion idnif incrmn sismic rhbiiion ingrion oppuniis in pricur buiding shoud us cions C.2.1 hrough C.2.8 nd mrics rin s foows: rmin cg minnnc cpi improvmn undr considrion, nd go scion h crsponds mos cos h cg. rmin v sismici ppicb buiding b considring sismic mp nd soi condiions, nd idnif ppicb rows mrix. rmin which svn srucur cgis mos cos fis buiding, nd idnif ppicb coumn mrix. Lis nonsrucur nd srucur sismic improvmns idnifid in mrix coumn nd rows. No cg ch improvmn (,, ). Th fcii mngr shoud prsn rchic nginr nnod is nonsrucur nd srucur sismic improvmns idnifid f considrion nd incusion in rspciv scop dsign wk. Th rchic nginr shoud dsign projc using compnion documn, Enginring Guidin f Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion, FEMA 420, which incuds m did guidnc on incrmn sismic dsign. Th rchic nginr dsigning incrmn sismic rhbiiion progrm wi mos ik brk down svn srucur p cgis in furr subcgis, s usd in ACE 31 FEMA 356. Ths cgis nd subcgis r discussd in di in FEMA 420 finiions ismic Prfmnc Improvmns Th sismic prfmnc improvmns, boh nonsrucur nd srucur, h r incudd in mrics ingrion oppuniis dscribd in prcding prgrphs nd incudd in cions C.2.1 hrough C.2.6, r xrcd from gnric is sismic prfmnc improvmns. Th gnric is is prsnd in cion C.2.9, which incuds brif rd xpnions f ch im on is. Th usr his mnu cn idnif spcific sismic prfmnc improvmns in rspciv projc cg mrics nd m n rfr s dfiniions f ddiion xpnion invovd civiis. Th gnric nonsrucur improvmns in C.2.9 r numbrd from 1 22 f s rfrnc. Th improvmns scd from his is f incusion in ch mrics in C.2.1 hrough C.2.6 r prsnd in sm dr nd rin ir rspciv numbr. This xpins occsion skipping numbr whn spcific nonsrucur improvmn is omid bcus i is no ppicb in pricur mrix. Th gnric srucur improvmns in C.2.9 r rrngd in dr srucur subssms nd mns. Th improvmns scd from his is f incusion in ch mrics in C.2.1 hrough C.2.6 r prsnd in sm dr. Pr C

8 C-8 Cg 1 Roing Minnnc nd Rpir/R-roing C.2.1 Roing Minnnc nd Rpir/R-roing Gnr scripion Wk: This cg wk incuds rpir rpcmn n foowing mns: Ro dring ssm Evs nd fsis Fshing nd vns Roing mmbrn Insuion Wking surfc nd bs Prps nd cps Ro-mound quipmn Ro dck Mos ro minnnc nd rpir wk is don ir in rspons fiur s schdud priodic minnnc prvniv minnnc wk. Mos sismic rhbiiion ingrion oppuniis f his wk cg wi r ir schdud prvniv minnnc. Pcmn romound quipmn usu rs wk cgis such s nw HVAC upgrd. In som jurisdicions, n ppicion f r-roing prmi riggrs cod rquirmn impmn spcific sismic rhbiiion such s prp brcing. Phsic scripion Wk: Wk on ro cn b ocizd spcific rs, cn xnd nir primr ro, m invov comp ro surfc rg pions i. Wk m b imid roing mmbrn m incud wk on subsr, dck, nd supping ssm. Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: Incrmn sismic rhbiiion ssocid wih roing minnnc nd rpir m incud srngning diphrgms, improving diphrgm/w conncions, brcing prps nd chimns, nd improving quipmn chmn nd brcing. Prfmnc Wk: Rpir wk on ro is n prfmd b ri ownr sff. Ousid conrcrs m b usd f m xnsiv wk. An rchicur/nginring (A/E) firm m b usd in conncion wih insion mchnic, cric, communicion, simir quipmn. Aso, buiding ownrs n us srvics n A/E f prprion r-roing spcificions nd bid documns. pci Equipmn: cffoding is somims usd in conncion wih ro wk. Crns hoiss m b usd if mris quipmn. Impc Wk on Buiding Us: Wk on ro gnr dos no inrrup buiding us, xcp f comp r-roing incuding dck, which wi ffc uppr fo spcs. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

9 C-9 Tb C-1: Roing Minnnc nd Rpir/R-roing Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn Nonsrucur onsrucur rucur rucur A Hizon Hizon Hizon Hizon Hizon Vric Vric rucur rucur ub-sm iphrgms iphrgms iphrgms iphrgms iphrgms Lod Ph ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Anchg Cnopis Exis Anchg nd iing Rop Equipmn Brcing Prps, Appndgs Gbs, Ornmnion, nd Achmn nd Brcing Lrg ucwk Brcing Rmov Chimns Lod Ph nd Cocrs Achmn nd rngning Boundris rngh/iffnss rngning Opnings rngning R-nrn Cnrs Topping b f Prcs Concr Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Unrinfcd Msonr Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Pr C

10 C-10 Cg 2 Exri W nd Window Minnnc/Fçd Modrnizion C.2.2 Exri W nd Window Minnnc/Fçd Modrnizion Gnr scripion Wk: Exri w nd window minnnc m invov foowing civiis: Poining Pching Pining Cuking This cg wk m so incud mj projcs such s: Window rpir nd rpcmn Rfinishing wih nw cdding mri Mos xri w minnnc nd rpir wk is don in rspons fiur s schdud priodic minnnc prvniv minnnc wk. Cuking nd window rpir nd rpcmn, which is no significn in mos ri buidings whr windows r gnr kp minimum, r so n inkd nrg consrviowrizion wk. Fçd modrnizion is n don s rdvopmn wk foowing n cquisiion. Th xn nd nur wk is ik b funcion cssificion ri buiding (Css A, B, C). Phsic scripion Wk: Wk is usu crrid ou hroughou n nir ri buiding s schdud minnnc civi, hough ocizd pching wk is possib. Wk m incud: Rpining brick xri ws Rpcing windows Improving nrg consrvion Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: rngning shr ws nd improvmn diphrgm/w conncions. Prfmnc Wk: Exri w nd window wk m b prfmd b skid consrucion prsonn on ownr s sff b n ousid conrcr. In mn css, n A/E curin w consun m b invovd provid dsign, spcificions, bid procss, nd consrucion dminisrion srvics. pci Equipmn: Accss highr xri rs m rquir scffoding swing sgs. This ccss m provid conomic oppuniis f ingrion sismic rhbiiion msurs. Impc on Buiding Us: inc mos wk is bing prfmd from buiding xri, i m b possib ccompish wk hroughou r. Howvr, som sismic rhbiiion msurs m b nois rquir ccss from inri, so his wk m hv b don whn nn spcs r vcn. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

11 C-11 Tb C-2: Exri W nd Window Wk Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn Nonsrucur onsrucur rucur rucur A Foundion Foundion Hizon Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric rucur rucur ub-sm iphrgms Lod Ph Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Momn Frms Momn Frms hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Anchg Cnopis Exis Brcing Prps, Appndgs Gbs, Ornmnion, nd Gzing cion nd iing Cdding Anchg Anchg Msonr Vnr hu-off Vvs Anchg Exri W in Cvi Ws Anchg ud Bckup Cocr nd rg Emn Improvmn Anch Bos Cripp ud Brcing Achmn nd rngning Boundris Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Cpci/iffnss Coninui Conncions Bm Coumn Cpci/iffnss Bm Coumn Conncion Cpci Coninui Lr bii Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. Unrinfcd Msonr N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro fos shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Pr C

12 C-12 Cg 3 Fir nd Lif f Improvmns C.2.3 Fir nd Lif f Improvmns Gnr scripion Wk: Fir nd if sf improvmns m invov foowing buiding mns: Crids nd dos irs Lobbis Exis Arms ssms ndpips Aumic fir sprinkr ssms In ri buidings, his wk wi usu b idnifid s pr du diignc im cquisiion. On if wk is in rspons dissr, such s fir, wi wk b unpnnd. Howvr, buiding dissr h rquirs som consrucion m provid n oppuni ingr sismic sf improvmns. This cg wk m b mndd b fir mrsh inspcion. I m so b pr pubic r modrnizion h provids oppuni impmn his wk cg. om cods m so rquir sismic rhbiiion whn buiding xprincs significn moun dmg in dissr such s fir, food, rhquk. Phsic scripion Wk: Fir nd if sf improvmns usu invov buiding s mns grss, which wi ffc spcific inrn spcs. Ofn wk is nr cnr buiding, such s in crids nd sirws. In som css, i m ffc spcs on buiding primr, such s obbis, nrncs, nd sirws. Ims incud: Rmoving nd rpcing crid w finishs, dos, rnsoms, nd quipmn (.g., cbins), which provids ccss ws nd ciings Insing nw ws ring xising ws fir sprions nd sirw ncosurs Insing nw sirws ir wihin buiding on xri, which m rquir rmoving pr fo nd consrucing nw ws Insing rms, sndpips, sprinkrs, which m provid ccss concd spcs Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: Incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk ssocid wih fir nd if sf improvmns m incud dding srngning shr ws nd brcing, improving bm/coumn conncions nd diphrgm w nchg, nd dding improving brcing nd fsning quipmn. Prfmnc Wk: Tpic his wk invovs skid consrucion prsonn. Ths m b ownr s prsonn conrcrs. In som css n A/E is invovd. pci Equipmn: No spci quipmn is rquird f his sk xcp f scffoding provid ccss wk rs. Impc on Buiding Us: Tpic his wk is prfmd wih nns occupns in pc. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

13 C-13 Tb C-3: Fir nd Lif f Improvmns Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn rucur rucur ub-sm ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Unrinfcd Msonr Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Nonsrucur onsrucur rucur rucur A Hizon Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Brcing nd iing prinkr nd Piping uspnsion nd Brcing Lighs Fsning nd Brcing Ciings Fsning nd Brcing nd Ecric) Equipmn (Mchnic Gzing cion nd iing Achmn nd Brcing Lrg ucwk Brcing Rinfcing Msonr Ws Inri irs n / Brcing Inri Priions (Msonr nd Wood) iphrgms Lod Ph Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Momn Frms Momn Frms hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws upp nd iing Evrs Anchg nd Brcing Emrgnc Lighing Achmn nd Brcing Cbins nd Furnishings Anchg ud Bckup Rsrin Hzrdous Mris Coninrs Cocr nd rg Emn Improvmn Mzznin Anchg nd Brcing Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Cpci/iffnss Coninui Conncions Bm Coumn Cpci/iffnss Bm Coumn Conncion Cpci Coninui Exnsion Wood Inri Ws Ro Lr bii Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro fos shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Pr C

14 C-14 Cg 4 M Pubic Ar Modrnizion C.2.4 M Pubic Ar Modrnizion Gnr scripion Wk: In ms, pubic rs (such s prking srucurs, nrncs, obbis, pssgs, sirws, nd scrs) r modrnizd b ownr soon fr cquisiion nw propr. Chngs m so b md priodic rfr, vr fiv n rs, in dr kp up wih compiion. Th xn nd nur wk is ik b funcion cssificion m buiding (Css A, B, C). I hs poni invov n inri xri w mn in pubic rs, incuding spci rooms oprd b m ownr, such s hh cubs nd confrnc rooms. This cg m invov simp wk on sing w nir rconfigurion pubic rs. Th insion nw quipmn, ducs, pips, condui, cbs, nd wiring m invov rconfigurion concd spcs undr fos, bov ciings, nd insid w cviis nd chss ocd hroughou buiding. Phsic scripion Wk: This wk m incud rconfigurion spcs nd crion nw spcs. Ims incud: Rmoving ws nd ciings Consrucing nw ws nd priions Insing rpcmn finishs Insing ducwk, piping, nd communicions nwks f nw chnoog Accss spcs bhind finishs nd nw w consrucion provid vrious oppuniis f sismic rhbiiion wk. Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: Incrmn sismic rhbiiion ssocid wih his wk m incud dding srngning shr ws nd brcing, improving bm/coumn conncions nd diphrgm w nchg, nd dding improving brcing nd fsning quipmn. Prfmnc Wk: This wk is usu prfmd b skid consrucion prsonn. Usu A/E dsign inri dsign is usd f his p wk. pci Equipmn: pci quipmn rquird f ccss wk rs f n sismic rhbiiion consrucion wi pic b vib during n rmoding wk. Impc on Buiding Us: M pubic r modrnizion cn usu b don wih nns in pc, bu spci cr mus kn minining ccss nn spcs. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

15 C-15 Tb C-4: M Pubic Ar Modrnizion Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn Nonsrucur onsrucur rucur rucur A Hizon Hizon Hizon Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric rucur rucur ub-sm ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Brcing nd iing prinkr nd Piping uspnsion nd Brcing Lighs Fsning nd Brcing Ciings Fsning nd Brcing nd Ecric) Equipmn (Mchnic Gzing cion nd iing Achmn nd Brcing Lrg ucwk Brcing Rinfcing Msonr Ws Inri irs n / Brcing Inri Priions (Msonr nd Wood) iphrgms iphrgms iphrgms Lod Ph Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Momn Frms Momn Frms hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws upp nd iing Evrs Anchg nd Brcing Emrgnc Lighing Achmn nd Brcing Cbins nd Furnishings Anchg ud Bckup Rsrin Hzrdous Mris Coninrs Cocr nd rg Emn Improvmn Mzznin Anchg nd Brcing rngning Opnings rngning R-nrn Cnrs Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Cpci/iffnss Coninui Conncions Bm Coumn Cpci/iffnss Bm Coumn Conncion Cpci Coninui Exnsion Wood Inri Ws Ro Lr bii Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. Unrinfcd Msonr N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro fos shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Pr C

16 C-16 Cg 5 Ri Ar Modrizion C.2.5 Ri Ar Modrnizion Gnr scripion Wk: Ri r modrnizion wk in ms is usu don b nns. Th ownr s pricipion vris nd is dfind in s. I is n imid finnci ownc. Ri r modrnizion in sing-nn buidings is don b ownr. This wk hs poni invov n inri xri w mn wihin nn spc. I is usu don in qudrns ch ri r fo spc pos minim disrupion cusmr shopping civi. I m invov simp wk on sing w nir rconfigurion pion nn spc. Th insion nw quipmn, ducs, pips, condui, cbs, nd wiring m invov rconfigurion concd spcs undr fos, bov ciings, nd insid w cviis nd chss ocd wihin nn spc. Phsic scripion Wk: This wk m incud rconfigurion spcs nd crion nw spcs nwhr in buiding. Ims incud: Rmoving ws nd ciings Consrucing nw priions Insing rpcmn finishs Insing ducwk, piping, nd communicions nwks f nw chnoog Accss spcs bhind finishs nd nw w consrucion provid vrious oppuniis f sismic rhbiiion wk. Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: Incrmn sismic rhbiiion ssocid wih his wk m incud dding srngning shr ws nd brcing, improving bm/coumn conncions nd diphrgm w nchg, nd dding improving brcing nd fsning quipmn. Bcus xnsiv codinion bwn ownr nd nn wi b rquird in cs ms, ingrion sismic rhbiiion wi ik b imid rg nns wih ong-rm ss such s nch srs suprmrks. Prfmnc Wk: This wk is usu prfmd b skid consrucion prsonn. A/E dsign, inri dsign, m b usd. In cs ms, cos codinion bwn ownr nd nn in pnning nd impmnion wk wi b rquird. pci Equipmn: pci quipmn rquird f ccss wk rs f n sismic rhbiiion consrucion wi pic b vib during n rmoding wk. Impc on Buiding Us: This wk is usu don in mnnr h wi disrup occupns s i s possib. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

17 C-17 Tb C-5: Ri Ar Modrnizion Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn Nonsrucur onsrucur rucur rucur A Hizon Hizon Hizon Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric rucur rucur ub-sm ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Brcing nd iing prinkr nd Piping uspnsion nd Brcing Lighs Fsning nd Brcing Ciings Fsning nd Brcing nd Ecric) Equipmn (Mchnic Gzing cion nd iing Achmn nd Brcing Lrg ucwk Brcing Rinfcing Msonr Ws Inri irs n / Brcing Inri Priions (Msonr nd Wood) iphrgms iphrgms iphrgms Lod Ph Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Brcd Frms Momn Frms Momn Frms hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws hr Ws upp nd iing Evrs Anchg nd Brcing Emrgnc Lighing Achmn nd Brcing Cbins nd Furnishings Anchg ud Bckup Rsrin Hzrdous Mris Coninrs Undrfo Brcing Compur Accss Fo Cocr nd rg Emn Improvmn Mzznin Anchg nd Brcing rngning Opnings rngning R-nrn Cnrs Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Cpci/iffnss Coninui Conncions Bm Coumn Cpci/iffnss Bm Coumn Conncion Cpci Coninui Exnsion Wood Inri Ws Ro Lr bii Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. Unrinfcd Msonr N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro fos shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Pr C

18 C-18 Cg 6 Undrfo nd Bsmn Minnnc nd Rpir C.2.6 Undrfo nd Bsmn Minnnc nd Rpir Gnr scripion Wk: Undrfo nd bsmn minnnc m invov foowing civiis: Rpir driion Rpir rmi dmg Equipmn rpcmn This cg wk is mos ik b ppicb in smr ri buidings. In rgr ri buidings, bsmns r ik conin ri spc simir n ri spc fo. In r cs, undrfo nd bsmn wk m b much m xnsiv, cosr in scop ri spc modrnizion. Mos undrfo rpir civiis wi b in rspons probm. Th souion m b immdi ssignd cpi improvmns budg. F xmp, smn nd rsuing undrpinning rpir m b rsu fo probm nd rquir mj immdi inrvnion. Usu r r no mnds cod issus invovd wih undrfo rpir wk. f is usu driving fc. Phsic scripion Wk: Wk incuds: Rpcing drid wood mns Rpiring crckd bowd ws Rpiring dmgd drid fos, undrpinning whr buidings hv sd Rpcing bsmn quipmn Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: Incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk ssocid wih undrfo nd bsmn wk m incud dding cripp sud brcing, improving foundion nchg, dding nw foundions, nd improving fo w nchg. In cs bsmn ri rs, his wk m incud incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk ssocid wih C.2.5, Ri Ar Modrnizion. Tb C-5 in ddiion Tb C-6. Prfmnc Wk: Th wk is n prfmd b ownr sff b ousid conrcrs. Mj dsign wk wi n rquir A/E srvics. pci Equipmn: pci quipmn is usu no rquird f undrfo wk. Howvr, ccss r mus b vib. Impc on Buiding Us: Excp f quipmn rpcmn, wk m b don n im, indpndn buiding us. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

19 C-19 Tb C-6: Undrfo nd Bsmn Wk Vric Lod Crring rucur Lv imici imici W ood 1 M sonr C oncr N umbr* L M H Nonsrucur onsrucur Buidin uiding rucur rucur Emn mn rucur rucur A Foundion Foundion Foundion Foundion Foundion Foundion Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric Vric rucur rucur ub-sm Lod Ph Brcd Frms Momn Frms hr Ws hr Ws ismic Prfmnc Improvmn Fsning nd Brcing nd Ecric) Equipmn (Mchnic hu-off Vvs Rsrin Hzrdous Mris Coninrs Cocr nd rg Emn Improvmn Anch Bos Anchg Cripp ud Brcing Nw Foundions Pi Cp Lr Lod Upif Lr Rsising sm iphrgm Conncion Conncions Bm Coumn Conncion Cpci Coninui Ou--Pn Anchg Concr Msonr W * Nonsrucur improvmns r numbrd f s us. rucur improvmns r no numbrd, bu rr, gnizd b srucur mn nd sub-ssm. Wk h m b incudd in buiding rhbiiiominnnc/rpir projc on bsis quick vuion b dsign prssion. Wk rquiring nginring dsign. Wk rquiring did nginring nsis nd vuion squncing rquirmns. Th "x" dsigns wk h coud rdisribu ods, ovrsrssing som mns. Unrinfcd Msonr N o 1: Msonr buidings wih concr ro fos shoud us concr buiding, concr diphrgm f opions. Rinfcd Msonr Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Wood iphrgm Concr iphrgm Pr C

20 C-20 Cg 7 HVAC Upgrd nd Enrg Consrvion C.2.7 HVAC Upgrd nd Enrg Consrvion Gnr scripion Wk: HVAC upgrd nd nrg consrvion projcs m incud foowing ims: Exri nvop wk Insuion Windows HVAC quipmn ucs nd piping Buiding mns ffcd m incud xri ws, ciings, ic spcs, ros, nd bsmns. Ths improvmns m b in rspons ownr s ong-rng srgic pn s pr rouin quipmn rpcmn. In css, inn is no on improv prfmnc nd rduc opring coss, bu so sv nrg. Fdr s mnds m b fcrs ding nrg consrvion improvmns. If spci grns r vib, cn b md pr cpi improvmn progrm. Loc buiding cod rquirmns m so ncourg nrg consrvion improvmns. Phsic scripion Wk: Th phsic wk invovd in HVAC upgrd nd nrg consrvion m b ocizd invov nir buiding. Ims incud: Improving rpcing windows Insing nw insuion in xri ws Insing nw insuion in ic, which m prmi ccss ciing spc Insing nw insuion on ro dck, which m b codind wih ro-p wk Insing HVAC quipmn, which shoud m nchg rquirmns f sismic fcs nd m provid ccss rs f wk Adding ir condiioning, which m incud insion ducs piping spcs hroughou buiding Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: This wk m incud incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk ssocid wih foowing projc cgis discussd rir: C.2.1 Roing Minnnc nd Rpir/R-Roing C.2.2 Exri W nd Window/Fçd Modrnizion C.2.4 M Pubic Ar Modrnizion C.2.5 Ri Ar Modrnizion Tbs C-1, C-2, C-4, nd C-5 f ingrion oppuniis. Prfmnc Wk: Th wk m b prfmd b ownr prsonn b ousid conrcrs, dpnding on projc siz compxi. Whr srvics n A/E r rquird wi dpnd on nur wk. Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

21 C-21 pci Equipmn: pci quipmn m b rquird provid ccss wk, incuding scffoding crn if. Impc on Buiding Us: om his wk m b don n im r from ro nd in pubic spcs. Mos window inri wk mus b ccompishd so s disrup occupns s i s possib. C.2.8 Hzrdous Mris Abmn Gnr scripion Wk: Th prsnc hzrdous mris m invov bmn : Asbss Ld pin Rdon In ri buidings, his wk wi usu b idnifid s pr du diignc im cquisiion. Phsic scripion Wk: Hzrdous mris bmn m incud rmov finishs such s psr, ciing mris, nd foing hroughou nn nd pubic spcs. I m incud rmov dhsivs usd. Asbss bmn m incud rmov ncpsuion insuion on pips nd ducs. Ld pin bmn m incud rmov pin nd finishs ncpsuion componn conining d pin. Rdon bmn m rquir insion vniion ssms wk in bsmn. Associd Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Wk: In som css, xn wk m provid ccss inri spcs h wi provid sismic rhbiiion oppuni. ismic rhbiiion wk coud foow hzrd miigion wk bf finishs r rinsd. This wk m incud incrmn sismic rhbiiion wk ssocid wih foowing projc cgis discussd rir: C.2.3 Fir nd Lif f Improvmns C.2.4 M Pubic Ar Modrnizion C.2.5 Ri Ar Modrnizion Tbs C-3, C-4, nd C-5 f ingrion oppuniis. Prfmnc Wk: Th wk is pic prfmd b spci conrcrs. pci Equipmn: pci quipmn, such s scffoding, woud n b on job s pr bmn wk. Or spci quipmn, such s fns nd ncosurs, r irrvn sismic wk. Impc on Buiding Us: Buiding us wi b curid during n hzrdous mris bmn wk. Th wk cnno b don round occupns. I rquirs vcn spcs. Cg 8 Hzrdous Mris Abmn C.2.9 finiions ismic Prfmnc Improvmns Th sismic prfmnc improvmns incudd in mrics ingrion oppuniis in cions C.2.1 hrough C.2.8 r xrcd from gnric is in foowing bs. Th bs conin ddiion infmion (dscripion nd purpos) h shoud b usfu ri buiding fcii mngrs using his scion. Pr C

22 C-22 Nonsrucur ismic Prfmnc Improvmns Offic ffic Numbr umbr* L v ismici L M H ismic Prfmnc I Improvmn mprovmn finiions nd Purpos scripion 1 A nchg Cnopis Exis Cnopis ros ovr xis. 2 Anchg nd iing Rop Equipmn 3 Brcing nd iing prinkr nd Piping 4 uspnsion nd Brcing Lighs 5 Fsning nd Brcing Ciings 6 Fsning nd Brcing Equipmn (Mchnic nd Ecric) 7 Brcing Prps, Gbs, Ornmnion, nd Appndgs Equipmn shoud b propr chd, nd rsrind if isoion-mound. prinkr pips dircion. Lighs m swing rhquk. igon brcing ciing. Equipmn bov ciings. shoud b brcd in ch wis f in n Consruc prp brcing on ro sid prp. Gbs r brcd in ic spc. Or mns r nchd in posiiv mnnr. 8 G zing cion nd iing Gss bov wking surfc. 9 Achmn nd Brcing Lrg ucwk 10 Brcing Rinfcing Msonr Ws Inri irs 11 Brcing Inri Priions (Msonr nd Wood) 12 upp nd iing Evrs 13 Anchg nd Brcing Emrgnc Lighing 14 Cdding Anchg 15 Anchg Msonr Vnr Purpos Prvn cops cnopis possib cus injuris. h woud bock xis nd Prvn quipmn from siding fing f pfms du conncion fiur nonfuncion. Prvn sprinkr buiding. ins from brking nd fooding Prvn ighs from fing nd injuring occupns. Lighs shoud no b suppd b suspndd ciing in high modr sismic zon. Pndn ighs shoud hv ir sw imid. uspndd ciings shoud b brcd gins rduc chnc mns fing. sidsw Prvn fns nd quipmn from swing nd fing on occupns; conncions coud fi rsuing in quipmn no ongr funcioning. Prvn prps, fing ouwrd. gbs, nd nmnion from Prvn xri inri gss from fing wking surfc nd cusing injuris. L rg ducs. Prvn ducs from fing on occupns. Inri xi sirs m hv unrinfcd msonr ncosur ws h coud cops. Brcing m b vric digon brcs. Evr guids hv bcom disodgd in rhquks. Appis cb if vrs. on Prvn cops ws h coud bock sirws. Inri priions fing/cops. Kp vrs funcioning. mus b brcd prvn P osiiv chmn mrgnc ighs. Prvn hv br pcks from fing. Hv cdding (concr) mus conncd srucur. b Vnr ovr xri wood msonr ws ovr mris in s concr srucur. Mris m b brick, rr co, sn, simir mris. 16 hu-off Vvs Insion shu-f dvic. 17 Anchg Exri W in Cvi Ws 18 Brcing Rmov Chimns 19 Achmn nd Brcing Cbins nd Furnishings 20 Anchg ud Bckup 21 Rsrin Hzrdous Mris Coninrs 22 Undrfo Brcing Compur Accss Fo * Ims numbrd f s rfrnc. A msonr w sprd from vnr b hoow spc. Chimns shoud srucur. b brcd Anchg srucur ws mns. suds cdding. bhind vnr Chmic bs, shops, c. m hv mris h coud, whn combind, cr fir chmic hzrd. Risd fos f cbing. Prvn cdding from fing. Crfu dsign is rquird so cdding dos no imi srucur's r movmn. Prvn indqu nchd ouwrd on pdsrins. Gs nd wr ins coud brk mns urning m f. vnr from fing nd shoud hv Prvn vnr from fing ouwrd. Exising nchg shoud b chckd f rus dmg nd oss srngh. Prvn chimns from pping in rds hrough ros. Prvn cbins nd furnishings fm pping moving nd cusing dmg. Fn fi cbins m bock xi dos. Prvn s suds usd s bckup supp vnr cdding from bcoming dchd fing. Rduc dngr brkg nd mixing chmics. Prvn fos quipmn. from copsing nd dmging Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings

23 C-23 Pr C rucur ismic Prfmnc Improvmns ismici v L ismici v L ismici v L ismici v L ismici Lv uiding B g uidin B g uidin B g uidin B g Buidin mn E mn E mn E mn E Emn rucur rucur rucur rucur rucur ub- - ub - ub - ub - ub sm m s m s m s m s Purpos nd finiions Purpos nd finiions Purpos nd finiions Purpos nd finiions Purpos nd finiions L M H Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic mprovmn I mprovmn I mprovmn I mprovmn I Improvmn scripion n scripio n scripio n scripio n scripio urpos P urpos P urpos P urpos P Purpos n oundio F s Bo nch A n foundio bwn Conncion buiding. nd from siding buiding Prvn ph. od Improv foundion. f n oundio F nchg A n foundio bwn Conncion buidings. rgr f buiding nd dqu Provid ph. od Improv foundion. nd buiding bwn conncion n oundio F g Brcin ud ripp C h bwn suds wood h fo. firs nd foundion Prvn brcd. no usu r suds Cripp buiding cusing nd m from pping foundion. f f n oundio F s w Foundion N. ods conv w foundions N d prfrr b m foundions Addiion css. som in souion n oundio F d Lo Lr Cp i P o r m buidings supping Pis ods from buiding r mov rhquks. during chnc imin p ir pis Brc chnc rduc nd movmn r fiur. foundion n oundio F pif U s od p ovrurning Undr upwrd. pud b m foundions improving b chnc upif Rduc vu shoud nginr ssm; foundion upif. ffcs finiion Hizon ros. nd mzznins, Fos, finiion Hizon iphrgms d n ws conncing ros nd Fos mns. fc-rsising r fos nd ro r iphrgms srngh dqu b mus Th buiding. nd ws ods rhquk rnsfr from conncion Th mns. fcr w diphrgm ph. od pr is mn rsising Hizon iphrgms d n Achmn rngning Boundris conncion Improving dg/boundr diphrgm wding. bos, nis, wih mns convs nd ph od pr is This r ws in diphrgm fcs mns. fc-rsising Hizon iphrgms Anchg Mzznin Brcing nd w. mzznin Anch sid opn n is r Whr b m brcing mzznin, ncssr. chd is mzznin sur Mk f ph od provid buiding n rduc diphrgm nd mzznin gins mzznin pounding mzznin A rg coumns. ws buiding's sids. opn on brcing rquir m Hizon iphrgms s rngh/iffns s i imi diphrgm rngn dfcion. r diphrgm movmn Conro conro nd drif du dmg rduc mns. vric on ods ou--pn Hizon iphrgms rngning Opnings diphrgm round rpping opnings. in poin wk cr m Opnings ddiion provid wi rps diphrgm. diphrgms. wood srngh Hizon iphrgms - R rngning Cnrs nrn hv buidings shpd "U" nd "L" inri concnrions srss cnrs. fiurs nd from crcking dmg Rduc concnrion. srss b cusd Hizon iphrgms r fo b Topping Concr Prcs concr prcs ovr sb Concr coninuous cr ro vric Connc diphrgm. ph. od pr s mns fc r s c ro rngn fo. ro drif Conro mn. finiion Vric Brcd Frms coumns nd bms concr brcing. digon wih fc-rsising r s c frms Brcd r s usd n r Th mn. sids opn on mn fc-rsising conncd b mus Th buidings. ph. od pr s mn hizon Vric Brcd Frms pci/iffnss C r fo improvmns cpci Frm rsisnc. od dqu dquc ssur siffnss nd Cpci ods. rsis mns frm Vric Brcd Frms oninui C s coninuou b shoud frms Brcd ro. foundion from fc-rsising r isconinuiis sign dmnds. rnsfr od cr mns his f ods highr impos m sndrds condiion. Vric Brcd Frms onncions C s (bo conncions dis Th dqu. b mus wds) no wi srngh Improvmns phsd on ffc ngiv hv consrucion. dquc ssur conncions frm Brcd ods. rsis mns frm ddiion b md b m Improvmns wding. boing wih ps s Vric Ph od L g Fc-Rsisin Lr iphrgm sm Conncion nd ro/fo bwn Conncions mn. w convd b ods rhquk Prmi k is This ph. od foundion dvop sf. sismic in mn

24 Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion Ri Buidings C-24 rucur ismic Prfmnc Improvmns (coninud) ismici v L ismici v L ismici v L ismici v L ismici Lv uiding B g uidin B g uidin B g uidin B g Buidin mn E mn E mn E mn E Emn rucur rucur rucur rucur rucur ub- - ub - ub - ub - ub sm m s m s m s m s Improvmns Prfmnc rucur Purpos nd finiions s Improvmn Prfmnc rucur Purpos nd finiions s Improvmn Prfmnc rucur Purpos nd finiions s Improvmn Prfmnc rucur Purpos nd finiions s Improvmn Prfmnc rucur Purpos nd finiions L M H Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic Prfmnc ismic mprovmn I mprovmn I mprovmn I mprovmn I Improvmn scripion n scripio n scripio n scripio n scripio urpos P urpos P urpos P urpos P Purpos finiion Vric Momn Frms bms ssm concr A s coumns. nd fc-rsising r s c frms Momn n r Th srucur. brc nd mn on mn fc-rsising r s usd b mus Th buidings. sids opn pr s mn hizon conncd ph. od Vric Momn Frms Bm Coumn Cpci/iffnss f improvmns cpci Frm rsisnc. od dqu dquc ssur siffnss nd Cpci ods. rsis mns frm Vric Momn Frms Bm Coumn Conncion improvd wih concr srngh. incrs conncions hv no wi Improvmns phsd on ffc ngiv consrucion. dquc ssur conncions Bm coumn ods. rsis mns frm ddiion b md b m Improvmns wding. boing wih ps s finiion Vric Ws hr gins buiding brc h Ws rhquks. ws Buiding srucur. brc ws hr Th mns. od-rsising r s c cn mns hizon conncd b mus ph. od pr s Vric Ws hr pci C. srngh qus pci C rsis ws dquc ssurs Cpci ods. Vric Ws hr oninui C s coninuou b shoud ws hr ro. foundion from fc-rsising r isconinuiis sign dmnds. rnsfr od cr mns his f ods highr impos m sndrds cos-ffciv mos on is This condiion. buidings. in improvmns Vric Ws hr d Woo Exnsion Ro Ws Inri ws wood inri Exnding msonr unrinfcd in diphrgms buidings. nd fu consrucd no wr h ws Prmi buidings in ws shr s usd b high ws. inri wood wih Vric Ws hr bii r L d n nd buck m ws T brcing. cops. w possib nd bucking Prvn hv m p nchd b mus Ws digon s such mns brcing brcs. vric Vric Ou--Pn Anchg Msonr Concr W ws from Conncions ro. nd fos du ouwrd from fing ws Prvn nd w bwn conncions indqu miigion A cos-ffciv diphrgms. buidings. w bring f msur A nd Ph Lod Cocrs in from diphrgms ods isribu mns. fc-rsising r "coc" h wood s srps r Ths r vric in i disribu nd od b m Conncions mns. fc-rsising on dpnding wding, nis, bos, wih ocion. nd mri

25 C-25 ummr Pr C Pr C consiss rcommndd os nb fcii mngr impmn incrmn sismic rhbiiion. Enginring srvics shoud b rind f hr spcific phss: sismic scrning nd vuion, incrmn sismic rhbiiion pnning nd dsign, nd consrucion priod supp. Codinion wih nn wk nd coninui buiding documnion is spci impnc. Oppuniis dd sismic rhbiiion incrmns xis wihin mos mj minnnc nd cpi improvmn civiis. Incrmn sismic rhbiiion oppuniis r suggsd f igh spcific minnnc nd cpi improvmn cgis. Rcommndd Acions 1. rmin cg minnnc cpi improvmn undr considrion. 2. rmin v sismici ppicb buiding. 3. rmin which svn srucur cgis mos cos fis buiding. 4. Lis nonsrucur nd srucur sismic improvmns idnifid s ingrion oppuniis. 5. No cg ch improvmn (,, ). 6. Prsn rchic nginr nnod is nonsrucur nd srucur sismic improvmns idnifid f considrion nd incusion in rspciv scop dsign wk. 7. Th rchic nginr shoud dsign projc using compnion documn, Enginring Guidin f Incrmn ismic Rhbiiion, FEMA 420. Pr C

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