Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor

Transcription

1 presents Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor

2 Content Optical fiber function, types optical effects applications production of optical fibre Cable - general types Indoor Indoor / outdoor Outdoor 2

3 Optical Transmission System Schematic of an optical fibre transmission system: Modulator / Transmitter (LED, laser diode, VCSEL (850 nm)) convert electrical signals into optical ones Fibre transport medium (e.g. optical fibre cable, splices, connectors etc.) Receiver / Demodulator (PIN Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode convert optical signals into electrical ones Transmitter 3 Fibre with splices and connectors Receiver

4 General Construction Optical Fibres Primary coating (plastic) Polyacrylate Typ. diameter: 250 µm Colour: customer requirement Core glass Typ. diameter: 9, 50 or 62.5 µm Cladding glass Typ. diameter: 125 µm Fiber according to the requirements of: ITU-T G.65x ISO / IEC IEC x EN EN x DIN VDE

5 Light On Interfaces Of Two Medias Refraction of light Total internal reflection of light Normal of incidence Interface α1 n2 n1 α2 Light ray Interface n2 n1 α1 α2 Light ray α1 > α2 n1 < n2 n1 & n2 : Refraction index of medium 1 & 2 α1 = α2 Normal of incidence 5

6 Light Guidance In Optical Waveguide Cladding glass (n2) n2 n1 Core glass (n1>n2) Longitudinally section Cross section 6

7 Types of fibers Multi mode Fiber, Step Index Multi mode Fiber, Graded Index Properties: Multiple light paths (modes) of different length causing different modes to arrive at different time intervals which causes pulse broadening (Multimode Distortion or Modal Distortion) Bandwidth relatively small, low cost fiber Properties: The parabolic profile of the index results in continual refocusing of the rays in the core, and compensates for multimode distortion. Therefore we encounter less pulse broadening Bandwidth bigger, more expensive Single mode Fiber, Step Index Properties: The core diameter is reduced so that only one mode can exist (single mode). Therefore Single mode fibers don t introduce any pulse broadening witch enables higher bandwidth. Highest bandwidth 7

8 Types of fibers 8

9 Optical Linear Effects Characteristic Effect Limitation Attenuation Looses light energy Transmission distances Dispersion Broaden light pulses Bandwidth Numerical Aperture Launch losses LED ->fibre fibre ->fibre fibre ->APD Launching light 9

10 Attenuation Reduction optical power between two points of optical fibre Scattering Effect Losses in light energy 1 Limitation Absorbtion OH - Ionen Transmissiondistance 10

11 Rayleigh Attenuation Curve [db/km] Fibre attenuation 1. window 2. window Rayleigh scattering 3. window OH absorption Optical fibre attenuation wavelength [nm] 11

12 Rayleigh Attenuation Curve [db/km] Fiber attenuation 3 1 Rayleigh scattering OH - - absorption fiber attenuation IR Absorption O - Band = Original band λ = nm E - Band = Extended Band λ = nm S - Band = Short Band λ = nm C - Band = Conventional Band λ = nm L - Band = Long Band λ = nm U - Band = Ultra long Band λ = nm O - Band E - Band S - Band [nm] wavelength U - Band L - Band C - Band 12

13 Attenuation Bending Loss: Last mentioned source of decrease of input- versus output-power are bending losses in the fiber caused by bending the fiber. When the angle of bend exceeds a certain degree the light waves will no longer be reflected in the core and enters the cladding of the fiber. We distinct two ways of bending, Macro bending and Micro bending. Macro Bending Micro Bending Force 13

14 Modal (Geometrical) Dispersion Superpositioning of modes with different delay times at the same wavelength Effect Broaden ligth pulses and loss in energy 2 A Limitation Bandwidth t 14

15 Dispersion Multimode fiber Singlemode Fiber Mode Dispersion Chromatic Dispersion [ps/km x nm] Polarisationmodedispersion PMD [ps/ km] Measured is the effect: Bandwidth [MHz x km] 15

16 Applications Single Mode or Multimode Fiber Single Mode G.652.D (G.655/657) Multi Mode G. 651 Single mode optical fiber is ideal for long distance transmission. Wavelengths used for Single mode fiber are 1310nm, 1550 nm and 1625nm. The costs for a Single mode transmission system are relatively high (Laser). High Bandwidth Multimode fiber is not suited for long communication distance but well suited for communication over short distances (below 2km). Wavelengths used for Multimode are 850nm and 1300nm The cost for a Multimode transmission system are less expensive than single mode equipment (LED). (2-4 times less expensive) Lower Bandwidth than Single mode 16

17 Selection Optical Fibres Application Telecommunication CATV LAN/MAN Specification type network Bandwidth 2 Mbit/s bis 10 Gbit/s Distance 100 m bis 100 km smal part of connecting / jointing elements Bandwidth 4 Mbit/s bis 1 Gbit/s Distance 10 m bis 2 km more connecting / jointing elements Fibre type Singlemode Multimode 62.5/125 µm 50/125 µm WAN CCTV different requirements Singlemode /Multimode / special fibre 17

18 Content Optical fiber function, types optical effects applications production of optical fibre Cable - general types Indoor Indoor / outdoor Outdoor 18

19 Fiber Optic Cable PATCHline, KONlan BRUniversal BRUclean Metallic cable 19

20 Brugg Cable Types Indoor cables PATCHline, KONlan Outdoor cables BRUclean Universal cable BRUniversal Metallic ropes BRUsteel, OPGW Not longitudinally water proof Longitudinally water proof Longitudinally water proof Longitudinally water proof Flexible Compact design Halogenfree, flame retardant Blowing into pipes Rodent protected Direct burial Laying into ducts or trunks Rodent protected Halogenfree, flame retardant High tensile strength Excellent rodent protection Flame retardant 20

21 Cable Types Particular importance is placed on protecting the optical fibres against environmental influences such as mechanical stresses or temperature changes! The used cable type depends on: Kind of laying up / installation General application (indoor / outdoor etc.) environmental conditions Electro-magnetic influences 21

22 Overview cable families 250 µm primary coated fibers 900 µm buffered fibers Loose tubes 2.5 to 4mm Tighth buffered fibers Semi tight buffered fibers Indoor / outdoor cables Outdoor cables Simplex-, Duplex- & Mini-breakout- & Breakout- cable Pigtails Simplex-, Duplex-, Mini-breakout- & Breakout- cable Mechanical characteristics depend on the construction.

23 Secondary coating 900 µm buffer Tight buffer Semi tight buffer Fiber with 250 µm primary coating

24 Loose tubes Loose buffer, two layer constructed, with 2 to 24 optical fibers Filling compound Two layer constructed plastic tube Optical fibre with: Core glass 9; 50 or 62,5 µm Cladding glass 125 µm Primary coating 250 µm 24

25 PATCHline Indoor cable Simplex 2.1 / 2.4 / 2.8 mm FRNC outer sheath Aramide and glass yarns 900 µm buffer Fiber with primary coating 25

26 PATCHline Indoor cable Duplex 4.2x2.1 / 5.6x2.8 Aramide and glass yarns Fiber with primary coating

27 PATCHline Indoor cable Duplex+ 5.3x3.1 / 6.6x3.8 Aramide and glass yarns 900 µm buffer Fiber with primary coating

28 Indoor cable Mini Breakout KONlan mini FRNC outer sheath Glass yarns up to 12 x 900 µm buffered fiber Fiber with primary coating

29 Indoor cable Breakout Cable KONlan FRNC outer sheath Up to 24 x 2.1 mm Simplex cable 29

30 Indoor / outdoor cable BRUniversal Central loose tube cable 150 / 250 FRNC outer sheath Glas yarns with water-blocking tape Gel-filled loose tube Fibers with primary coating

31 Indoor / outdoor cable BRUniversal Stranded loose tube cable FRNC outer sheath Glass yarns with water-blocking tape Gel-filled loose tube Fibers with primary coating Central strength member

32 FO Outdoor Cable - Central Tube Type PE - outer sheath swellable tape glass rovings central loose buffer BRUclean 150 / 250 max. number of fibers: 24 high crush resistance longitudinally water proof blowing into pipes rodent protection Application: outdoor use, WAN, LAN, campus backbone 32

33 FO Outdoor Cable - Stranded Tube Type PE - outer sheath glassrovings swellable tape stranded loose buffer central strength member BRUclean max. number of fibers: 432 long term tensile strength N blowing into pipes rodent protection Application: outdoor use, WAN, LAN, campus backbone for higher fiber count 33

34 Thank you for your Attention. Further information: 34